Our latest publications

• Lehtonen, Minna; Varjokallio, Matti; Kivikari, Henna; Hulten, Annika; Virpioja, Sami; Hakala, Tero; Kurimo, Mikko; Lagus, Krista & Salmelin, Riitta (2019). Statistical models of morphology predict eye-tracking measures during visual word recognitio. Memory & Cognition.  ISSN 0090-502X. . doi: 10.3758/s13421-019-00931-7
• Mercan, Gözde & Simonsen, Hanne Gram (2019). The production of passives by English-Norwegian and Turkish-Norwegian bilinguals: a preliminary investigation using a cross-linguistic structural priming manipulation. Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science.  ISSN 2520-100X. . doi: doi.org/10.1007/s41809-019-00040-6 Show summary

  Abstract This preliminary study tested cross-linguistic structural priming of passives in two groups of adult bilinguals speaking Norwegian-English and Norwegian-Turkish to understand the nature of syntactic mental representations in bilingual minds. Passives in spoken Norwegian are structurally similar to those in English, whereas passives in Turkish are distinct in being morphologically constructed. A shared syntax account based on the similarity of the structures would predict structural priming effects for the Norwegian-English group but not the Norwegian-Turkish group. Results of a computerized picture description task showed that participants provided more active descriptions than passives, but did not indicate any priming in terms of an increased likelihood of repeating the type of the prime they heard in Norwegian in their target picture description in English or Turkish. This can be related to the small sample size or the observation that there were too few passive productions overall. We thus ran an additional analysis which indicated that participants were more likely to produce passives when the target pictures contained inanimate agents. We also ran a separate analysis on Turkish target responses, which did not reveal an effect of prime type on the emphasis of thematic role (agent vs. patient). However, this analysis also showed that pictures with inanimate agents were more likely to be described with target structures emphasizing the patient rather than the agent. We suggest that further research is required to get a clearer picture of the role of the similarity of passives in cross-linguistic structural priming.

• Jekale, Derib Ado; Mendisu, Binyam Sisay & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (2019). Linguistic capacity building in Ethiopia: Results and challenges, In Roy Krøvel; Tor Halvorsen & Kristin Orgeret (ed.),  Sharing Knowledge, Transforming Societies: The Norhed Programme 2013-2020.  African Minds.  ISBN 978-1-928502-00-5.  Kapittel 14.  s 321 - 350
• Boumeester, Marlijne; Michel, Marije C & Fyndanis, Valantis (2019). Sequential multilingualism and cognitive abilities: Preliminary data on the contribution of language proficiency and use in different modalities. Behavioral Sciences.  ISSN 2076-328X.  9(9) . doi: 10.3390/bs9090092
• Salmi, Juha; Vila-Ballo, Adria; Soveri, Anna; Rostan, Carles; Rodriguez-Fornells, Antoni; Lehtonen, Minna & Laine, Matti (2019). Working memory updating training modulates a cascade of event-related potentials depending on task load. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.  ISSN 1074-7427.  166, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107085
• Thingnes, Jorunn Simonsen (2019). Making linguistic choices at a Sámi University: negotiating visions and demands. Current Issues in Language Planning.  ISSN 1466-4208. . doi: 10.1080/14664208.2019.1671712
• Lexander, Kristin Vold & Androutsopoulos, Jannis (2019). Working with mediagrams: a methodology for collaborative research on mediational repertoires in multilingual families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (JMMD).  ISSN 0143-4632. . doi: 10.1080/01434632.2019.1667363
• Lanza, Elizabeth & Lexander, Kristin Vold (2019). Family Language Practices in Multilingual Transcultural Families, In Simona Montanari & Suzanne Quay (ed.),  Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Multilingualism: The Fundamentals.  Mouton de Gruyter.  ISBN 978-1-5015-0798-4.  11.
• Fløgstad, Guro Nore & Lanza, Elizabeth (2019). Language contact across the lifespan, In Jeroen Darquennes; Joseph C. Salmons & Wim Vandenbussche (ed.),  Language Contact – An International Handbook.  Mouton de Gruyter.  ISBN 978-3-11-043325-8.  Kapittel 15.  s 172 - 184
• Agarwal, Simran; Tuninetti, Alba; Liu, Liquan & Escudero, Paola (2019). Neural sensitivity to linguistic and non-linguistic changes in naturally produced speech sounds : a comparison of different stimuli presentation paradigms. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.  ISSN 0301-3162.  s 2119- 2123
• Liu, Liquan; Varghese, Peter & Weidemann, Gabrielle (2019). A bilingual advantage in infant pitch processing. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.  ISSN 0301-3162.  s 1397- 1401
• Nikolaev, Alexandre; Ashaie, Sameer; Hallikainen, Merja; Hanninen, Tuomo; Higby, Eve; Hyun, Jungmoon; Lehtonen, Minna & Soininen, Hilkka (2019). Effects of morphological family on word recognition in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Cortex.  ISSN 0010-9452.  116, s 91- 103 . doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.028
• Ribu, Ingeborg Sophie; Simonsen, Hanne Gram; Løver, Morten Aase; Strand, Bror-Magnus S. & Kristoffersen, Kristian Emil (2019). N-LARSP: A Developmental Language Profile for Norwegian, In Martin J. Ball; Paul Fletcher & David Crystal (ed.),  Grammatical Profiles: Further Languages of LARSP.  Multilingual Matters.  ISBN 9781788924382.  Kapittel 1.  s 1 - 28
• Obojska, Maria Antonina (2019). Trilingual repertoires, multifaceted experiences: multilingualism among Poles in Norway. International Multilingual Research Journal.  ISSN 1931-3152.  13(4), s 257- 276 . doi: 10.1080/19313152.2019.1611337
• Heikkola, Leena Maria; Alisaari, Jenni & Vigren, Heli (2019). How can inclusion be promoted through a linguistically responsive pedagogy?, In  Perspectives on Educational practice around the world.  Bloomsbury Academic.  ISBN 9781350076358.  Part I, Kap. 8.
• Garmann, Nina Gram; Romøren, Anna Sara Hexeberg; Flygstad, Nina; Milder, Nina; Pedersen, Ingrid; Simonsen, Hanne Gram & Torkildsen, Janne von Koss (2019). Språkkartlegging i norske barnehager -en pilotundersøkelse av foreldres og barnehageansattes rapportering av norsktalende tre-åringers språkferdigheter ved hjelp av CDI III. RASK: Internationalt tidsskrift for sprog og kommunikation.  ISSN 0909-8976.  49, s 87- 103 Show summary

  According to the Norwegian Framework Plan for Kindergartens (Ministry of Education 2017: 24), the staff shall ‘monitor the children’s communication and language and identify and support children who demonstrate various types of communication problems, who are not linguistically active, or who show signs of delayed language development’. As a first step in the development of an assessment tool that may meet this requirement from the framework plan, we have piloted the Norwegian parental report MacArthur-Bates CDI III (Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al. 2007)) with monolingual three-year-olds. The results suggest that CDI III is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of these children’s language skills. We have also compared CDI III reports from parents and Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) staff and found acceptable correlations between the reported scores.

• Purkarthofer, Judith & De Korne, Haley Jean (2019). Learning language regimes: Children's representations of minority language education. Journal of Sociolinguistics.  ISSN 1360-6441. . doi: 10.1111/josl.12346 Show summary

  Minority language education initiatives often aim to resist dominant language regimes and to raise the social status of migrant or autochthonous minorities. We consider how participating children experience these alternative language regimes by analysing drawings made by children in two minority education settings—a Slovene‐German bilingual school in Austria and an Isthmus Zapotec (Indigenous) language and art workshop in Mexico. We examine how children's drawings represent language regimes in the social spaces they inhabit. Considering these drawings in relation to ethnographic observations and interviews with educators, we illustrate differences between how the social spaces are planned by educators and how they are represented and experienced by learners. Generally speaking, the children in our studies depict flexible, multilingual experiences and spaces, in contrast to the educators’ agendas of separating or emphasizing languages for pedagogical purposes. Mexican children's perception of themselves as participants in fluid language regimes, and Austrian children's increasing appropriation of multilingual space over time through both (school‐like) routines and (fun) exceptions can inform the efforts of minority language educators.

• Svennevig, Jan & Landmark, Anne Marie (2019). Accounting for forgetfulness in dementia interaction. Linguistics Vanguard.  ISSN 2199-174X.  5(s2), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1515/lingvan-2018-0021 Show summary

  The article identifies and describes conversational practices used by persons with dementia and their interlocutors to account for the former’s lack of knowledge in cases where information about their personal experiences is made relevant and expectable at a specific point in a conversation. First, they may seek to normalize the lack of knowledge by claiming that it would be difficult for anyone to know or remember the information in question. Second, they may exceptionalize it by claiming that their cognitive or communicative impairment incidentally and temporarily disables them from accessing the information. Finally, they may justify their failure to provide information by claiming that it is not important, relevant or expectable that they should know. Such accounts dissociate the social character from the forgetfulness and thus constitute an attempt to avoid the loss of face associated with not remembering personal experiences. By specifying these conversational accounting practices, the study thus adds to existing knowledge on how participants handle the social sensitivity of typical dementia symptoms.

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• Strangmann, Iris; Hansen, Pernille; Antolovic, Katarina; Bøyum, Malene; Simonsen, Hanne Gram & Obler, Loraine (2019). Empirically establishing cognateness: Translation elicitation of Norwegian words by English monolinguals.
• Hansen, Pernille; Landmark, Anne Marie Dalby; Simonsen, Hanne Gram & Svennevig, Jan (2019). Ordfinning og ordleting hos sju flerspråklige med demens.
• Hansen, Pernille & Simonsen, Hanne Gram (2019). Lexical factors in naming among multilinguals with dementia: The effects of frequency, age of acquisition, phonological neighbourhood density, word class, imageability and cognate status.
• Hansen, Pernille & Romøren, Anna Sara Hexeberg (2019). Språkmangfold og språkutvikling i barnehage og skole.
• Hansen, Pernille (2019). Sharing dementia data: Experiences from Norway.
• Lomeu Gomes, Rafael (2019). Translanguaging families into being: Parental language ideologies, use, and negotiation in a Brazilian-Norwegian family in Norway..
• Golden, Anne (2019). Voksne akademikere og språklæring.
• Golden, Anne (2019, 02. oktober). Forskere skeptisk til Sanners språkkrav.  Khrono.
• Golden, Anne (2019). Når andrespråket er norsk og innlæreren er student.
• Golden, Anne & Szymanska, Oliwia (2019). Hverdagslivets metaforer.
• Golden, Anne; Nøklestad, Anders & Johansson, Sofie (2019). The vocabulary of the Nordic heritage speakers in the US. An attempt of categorization.
• Golden, Anne & Monsen, Marte (2019). Picture prompts in writing exams: assets or restraints..
• Golden, Anne & Tonne, Ingebjørg (2019). Word Magic. Working with Words and Word Construction in School..
• Landmark, Anne Marie Dalby & Hansen, Pernille (2019). Bruk ordfinningsvansker!. Tidsskriftet Den norske legeforening.
• Landmark, Anne Marie Dalby; Nilsson, Elin; Ekström, Anna & Svennevig, Jan (2019). Conflicting knowledge claims in couples living with dementia.
• Landmark, Anne Marie Dalby; Nilsson, Elin; Ekström, Anna & Svennevig, Jan (2019). Managing conflicting knowledge claims in dementia interaction.
• Landmark, Anne Marie Dalby & Svennevig, Jan (2019). Managing knowledge claims in dementia care encounters: A conversation analytic case study.
• Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2019). Den minoritetsspråklege situasjonen i Noreg i eit andrespråksperspektiv. Mål og makt.  ISSN 0332-7744.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Invisible participants in a visual ecology.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Tolking via video: Muligheter og begrensninger.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Tolking via video: Om å skape mening i et sammensatt rom for samhandling.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Borte best? Når tolken er et annet sted.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle & Svennevig, Jan (2019). Om å snakke for tolking – Midlertidige opphold i lengre taleturer.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Tolking i helsetjenestene: Tiltak, tjeneste og praksis.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi (2019). Corpus of American Nordic Speech anno 2019: No kånntri for old men?.
• Norvik, Monica I.; Goral, Mira; Kuzmina, Ekaterina; Røste, Ingvild & Simonsen, Hanne Gram (2019). Within and between language treatment effects in severe aphasia in multilingual speakers. Frontiers in Neuroscience.  ISSN 1662-4548. . doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2019.01.00089
• Thingnes, Jorunn Simonsen (2019). Establishing language policy: Conflicting interests in Norwegian academia.
• Opsahl, Toril (2019, 01. januar). Svarer på lytterspørsmål om språk jevnlig gjennom hele året. [Radio].  NRK "Språkteigen".
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Opsahl, Toril (2019). V2 and non-V2 in urban Oslo.
• Thingnes, Jorunn Simonsen (2019). Nynorsk som hovudmålform: det språkpolitiske spenningsfeltet mellom ideal og konkretisering av ønskt praksis.
• Svendsen, Bente Ailin (2019). Citizen Sociolinguistics - advantages and challenges.
• Svendsen, Bente Ailin (2019). Citizen Sociolinguistics as Science and as Methodology. Critical Perspectives.
• Svendsen, Bente Ailin (2019). Exploring Multiligualism through Citizen sociolinguistics.
• Røyneland, Unn (2019). Language policy and planning in Norway: Standardization, legitimization, delibetation, and decision..
• Røyneland, Unn (2019). Language policy and planning in Norway: A lesson for the Ethiopian context?.
• Røyneland, Unn (2019). Be careful what you wish for: The ideals of sociolingistics and the dilemmas of practical power.
• Røyneland, Unn (2019). Felles utfordringer for de nordiske språkfellesskaper.
• Krulatz, Anna & Sevinc, Yesim (2019). Dimensions of multilingual practices in Norway’s heterogeneous EFL.
• Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2019). Norsk er norsk og polsk er polsk «and never the twain shall meet»? En studie av kommunikasjon blant polakker i Norge.
• Alstad, Gunhild Tomter; Gujord, Ann-Kristin Helland & Opsahl, Toril (2019). Forord og redaksjonelt arbeid. NOA - Norsk som andrespråk.  ISSN 0801-3284.  35(1), s 3- 4
• De Korne, Haley (2019). '¿Para qué sirve la utopía?' Relativist (language) activism from a settler colonial perspective.
• Andresen, Hanna Solberg (2019). Visual stimuli, children and the question of reliability.
• Opsahl, Toril & Golden, Anne (2019). Second-language communication in workplace settings – the case of Polish migrants in Norway.
• Svendsen, Bente Ailin (2019). Norsk anno 2050.
• Garmann, Nina Gram; Simonsen, Hanne Gram; Hansen, Pernille & Romøren, Anna Sara Hexeberg (2019). Utvikling bør skje i samspill mellom gründere, forskere og praksisfeltet. barnehage.no.
• Lundquist, Bjørn; Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Fyndanis, Valantis; Rodina, Yulia; Tengesdal, Eirik; Kaldhol, Nina Hagen & Türker, Emel (2019). Inter-language gender congruency has facilitative effects on L2 production and comprehension of grammatical gender, but only for high-proficient speakers of structurally similar languages.
• Sandvik, Margareth; Kjeldsen, Jens Elmelund; Svennevig, Jan; Vatnøy, Eirik & Andersen, Ida Vikøren (2019). Debatt på TV – spiller det noen rolle?.
• Garmann, Nina Gram; Simonsen, Hanne Gram; Hansen, Pernille & Romøren, Anna Sara Hexeberg (2019). Tidlig språkinnsats: Språklek med svakt forskningsbelegg. barnehage.no. . doi: https://www.barnehage.no/artikler/tidlig-sprakinnsats-spraklek-med-svakt-forskningsbelegg/473144
• Zachariassen, Ketil & Lane, Pia Marit Johanne (2019, 07. september). Store forventninger møtte Sannhets- og forsoningskommisjonen. [Internett].  NRK Kvensk/NRK Kvääni.
• Lanza, Elizabeth (2019). The Multilingual Family as a Space:Ideology and Identity Online.
• Lanza, Elizabeth (2019). Transnational families as public spaces: Multilingualism, ideologies and identity online.
• Lanza, Elizabeth (2019). Multilingual families as public space: Language learning, ideologies and identity online.
• Lanza, Elizabeth & Røyneland, Unn (2019). Place and mobility: Contemporary globalization and the linguistic landscape of Ethiopia.
• Lanza, Elizabeth (2019). Place and mobility: Contemporary globalization and the linguistic landscape in Ethiopia – with a focus on Addis Ababa and Mekelle.
• Golden, Anne & Steien, Guri Bordal (2019). "I Kongo er vi sånn flerspråklige". Fixity and fluidity in linguistic biographies narrated by Congolese migrants in Norway.
• Steien, Guri Bordal; Jensen, Bård Uri & Svennevig, Jan (2019). On the pragmatic meaning of utterance-level declination in two post-L1 languages.
• Røyneland, Unn (2019). Språk og identitet: Eller fleire språk og fleire identitetar?.
• Røyneland, Unn & Gudheim, Helge (2019, 11. mai). Kva ved går det med Valdres-dialekten? (10) Serien reiser nye spørsmål.  Avisa Valdres.
• Røyneland, Unn; Mæhlum, Brit Kirsten & Gudheim, Helge (2019, 09. mars). Kva veg går det med Valdres-dialekten (2) Språkleg er Norge både paradis og anarki.  Avisa Valdres.
• Røyneland, Unn (2019, 16. juni). Hva kan egentlig kalles "morsmål" i et flerkulturet samfunn?. [Radio].  NRK P2.
• Singh, Leher; Burnham, Dennis; Hay, Jessica; Liu, Liquan & Mattock, Karen (2019). Lexical Tone Perception in Infants and Young Children: Empirical studies and theoretical perspectives.. Frontiers in Psychology.  ISSN 1664-1078. . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01195
• Lane, Pia & Johansen, Åse Mette (2019). Introduction to revitalisation and reclamation in Northern Norway.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Producing and preserving: Reflections on video-recordings as data.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle & Svennevig, Jan (2019). The temporary suspension of turns-in-progress in interpreted interaction.
• Hansen, Jessica Pedersen Belisle (2019). Use of space in video-interpreted encounters.
• Norvik, Monica I. (2019). Om afasi.
• Norvik, Monica I. & Høeg, Nina (2019). Afasi og ASK.
• Norvik, Monica I. & Thurmann-Moe, Anne-Cathrine (2019). Single-case designs – hvorfor relevant for Statped?.
• Goral, Mira & Norvik, Monica I. (2019). Picture-based language assessment in multilingual aphasia.
• Norvik, Monica I. (2019). Afasi hos flerspråklige personer.
• Norvik, Monica I. (2019). Language assessment in multilingual aphasia.
• Norvik, Monica I. (2019). Language intervention in multilingual aphasia.
• Garmann, Nina Gram; Simonsen, Hanne Gram; Holm, Elisabeth; Sandvik, Margareth; Hansen, Pernille; Romøren, Anna Sara Hexeberg & Tkachenko, Elena (2019). Syltynn Bravo-rapport. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Lexander, Kristin Vold (2019, 04. august). Snapchat, Facebook og WhatsApp hjelper familier med innvandrerbakgrunn å utvikle flerspråkligheten. [Radio].  NRK Radio Språkteigen.
• Lexander, Kristin Vold (2019, 28. juli). Digital kommunikasjon. [Radio].  NRK Radio Språkteigen. Show summary

  Før skrev vi lange personlige brev til hverandre. Nå sender vi korte digitale meldinger. Hvordan påvirker dette språket vårt?

• Lexander, Kristin Vold (2019). Polymedia in practice: Family multilingualism in digitally mediated interaction. Show summary

  Research on multilingual families is increasingly interested in the connection between language use and media use, i.e. how families are constructed through multilingual language practices “in contexts of transmigration, social media and technology saturation, and hypermobility” (King and Lanza 2017: 2). Despite this interest, there is so far no substantial body of research on how interpersonal mediated communication affects family language policy and practices in transnational and transcultural families. This paper contributes to filling this gap through investigating the link between family multilingualism and polymedia (Madianou and Miller 2012), presenting results from a study of transnational communication among four families that originate in Senegal and live in Norway. The few earlier studies that have been carried out on digitally mediated interaction in the family show that the affordances of digital tools enable heritage language use among children in transnational families in complex ways (Cuban 2014) and that transnational family members develop media strategies to build relationships with heritage languages (Szecsi and Szilagyi 2012). Departing from a translanguaging perspective, this paper applies a practice-based approach to heritage language competence, in line what Canagarajah (2019) found to be the perspective of migrants from Sri Lanka: “the ability to align HL verbal resources strategically with multimodal semiotic resources and spatial repertoires to accomplish social and cultural communicative activities” (2019: 42). The focus in the article will be on communicative practices of one family, consisting of a mother born in Senegal and her four children, two of them born in Senegal and two of them born in Norway. The family makes use of a range of communicational tools and languages to communicate within themselves as well as with relatives and friends from different generations, in Norway, in Senegal and elsewhere in the world, creating a multilingual, multipurpose digital space. Ethnographic interview data collected in 2017 and 2018 are analysed to understand these languaging practices and fine-grained analysis of interpersonal interaction with nuclear and extended family members across a variety of digital media is also carried out. The aim is on the one hand to explore how their digital language practices may help us rethink family multilingualism: How are family relationships managed and sustained through these interactions and how are heritage language practices developed in digital communication? On the other hand, the paper discusses what the study of language use in individuals’ digital interaction may tell us about how the family members navigate the environment of affordances offered by the media they have access to, i.e. how the study of translanguaging in transnational family interaction may contribute to polymedia theory. References Canagarajah, Suresh. 2019. Changing orientations to heritage language: The practice-based ideology of Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora families. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 255.9–44. Cuban, Sondra. 2014. Transnational families ICTs and mobile learning. International Journal of Lifelong Learning 33(6). 737–754. King, Kendall & Elizabeth Lanza. 2019. Ideology, agency and imagination in multilingual families: An introduction. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(3). 717-723. Madianou, Mirca & Daniel Miller. 2012. Migration and New Media. Transnational families and polymedia. London: Routledge. Szecsi, Tunde & Janka Szilagyi. 2012. Immigrant Hungarian families' perceptions of new media technologies in the transmission of heritage language and culture. Language, Culture and Curriculum 25(3): 265–281.

• Svendsen, Bente Ailin (2019, 17. juli). Motstridende uttrykk - sinnsykt. [Radio].  NRK Her og nå.
• Svendsen, Bente Ailin (2019, 01. juli). Snakker du Tesla-språket?. [Internett].  Side3.
• Zachariassen, Ketil & Lane, Pia Marit Johanne (2019). Norwegian TRC Presentation.
• Røyneland, Unn & Vangsnes, Øystein A (2019). SoMe in Dialect Heaven: Norms and social meanings of Norwegian dialects online. Show summary

  Recent studies suggest that the use of written dialect features online is quite widespread in Norway (Evjen 2011; Rotevatn 2014; Røyneland 2018). However, the use of dialect seems to vary substantially between different age groups and geographical areas. A Gallup poll initiated by the Norwegian Language Council found that younger people report to use dialect to a greater extent than older users. Furthermore, people in the eastern part of the country report significantly less dialect use than people in other regions. Whereas only 16 % of the Oslo respondents report dialect use, as many as 45 % in Northern Norway report the same. This may have to do with the relative structural and/or perceived distance between dialect and the written standards (Bokmål and Nynorsk). Dialects are relatively more prestigious – and less stigmatized – in Norway than in many other European countries, in fact to the extent that Norway has been described as a sociolinguistic paradise (Trudgill 2002). Dialects are spoken by people in all layers of society and within all social domains. Given that interaction on many CMC platforms share several of the characteristics of oral communication, it is to be expected that writing online gravitates towards the shape of spoken language, and for many Norwegians this simply means dialect. The interesting question, then, is how dialect is used on different platforms and for what purposes. In our talk we address both questions by looking at data collected from three different platforms that differ with regard to their degree of publicness/privacy. We investigate what writing dialect actually means, and how norms for dialect writing are negotiated online, and also whether we find any correlation between level of formality and perceived audiences. We examine which features are used, how they are used, and what indexical meanings they can take on in different contexts (Johnstone & Kiesling 2008). We also analyse metalinguistic comments about dialect use, and hence, expressed implicit or explicit attitudes and ideologies. Our study shows that dialect features may be used to voice quite distinct, even opposing, attitudes and convictions, and that dialect use may get heavily policed, hence challenging the idea of Norway as a dialect heaven.

• Lundquist, Bjørn; Larsson, Ida; Westendorp, Maud; Tengesdal, Eirik & Nøklestad, Anders (2019). Presenting the Nordic Word Order Database.
• Westendorp, Maud & Lundquist, Bjørn (2019). Embedded V2 in Faroese and Mainland Scandinavian: results from a production study.

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