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Anne-Kristine Mary Rydning

Fransk

Email a.k.m.rydning@ilos.uio.no

Room NT 928

Available hours Wednesday 12.15-13.00

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Visiting address Niels Treschows hus 9. etg Niels Henrik Abels vei 36 0851 OSLO

Postal address Postboks 1003 Blindern 0315 Oslo

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Background

Dr. philos. Antin Fougner Rydning is professor in French and Translation Studies at The Department of literature, area studies and European languages (ILOS), University of Oslo. She is Head of Research at ILOS. Antin Fougner Rydning is qualified as Government authorized translator (statsautorisert translatøreksamen) in French/Norwegian and vice-versa. She has for the past 15 years worked as an external examiner for the Norwegian Translator Accredidation Exam. She has been partner in the project EYE-to-IT financed by the European Commission's Future and Emerging Technologies program 2006-2009 (FP6). She has coordinated the international research network ExperTrans seeking to capture the core of expert translation from a cognitive perspective, with its focus on meaning construction. She has also been project leader of the European network EXPERTISE (EXpert Probing through Empirical Research on TranslatIon procesSEs) and the Norwegian project Translation: a point of contact between languages and cultures financed by the Research Council of Norway 2001-2005. She is currently involved in translatological issues from a psycholinguistic perspective.

Areas of expertise

Translatology
Process oriented studies of translation
French
Language for special purposes
Bilinguism
Language acquisition

Tags: French, French Language, Translatology, Translation studies, translation, translation processes, conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy

Working on

Rydning, A.F. Les défis traductionnels liés à la traduction d'un conte moderne. Clin d'oeil au patrimoine culturel norvégien. Target

Rydning, A.F. & Lachaud, C.M. Are primary conceptual metaphors easier to understand than complex conceptual metaphors? An investigation of the cognitive processes in metaphor comprehension. John Benjamins

Lachaud, C.M, Rydning, A.F. & Larsson, P.G. Towards online automatic systems for improving human text translation: transcoding performance and cognitive load variations after prompting. Advances in Cognitive Psychology

Rydning, A.F. Translation as a method to study conceptual metaphtonymies. Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Lachaud, C.M. & Rydning, A.F. Primary vs complex metaphors - EEG coherence analysis reveals brain activity differences during metaphor comprehension. Cognitive Neuroscience.

Published

Rydning, Antin Fougner and Christian Lachaud 2010. “The reformulation challenge in translation: Context reduces polysemy during comprehension, but multiplies creativity during production. In Translation and Cognition, Shreve, Gregory M. and Angelone, Erik (eds.), John Benjamins, 85–108.

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2009. La traduction d'expressions métaphoriques. In La traduction et ses métiers - aspects théoriques et pratiques. Laplace, C., Lederer, M. & Gile, D. (eds.) Lettres Modernes Minard, Cahiers Champollion 12. Paris - Caen, 103 - 114

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2008. La démarche de l’expert-traducteur face à un problème de reformulation. Meta : Journal des traducteurs, 748 - 764

Rydning, Antin Fougner; Janyan, Armina 2008. Eye Movement Recordings as a Tool for Studying Mental Simulation of Speed in Text Processing by Professional Translators. Forum : International Journal of Interpretation and Translation; Volum 6.(1) 59-74

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2006. La déverbalisation et la reverbalisation du sens à la lumière de la théorie de l'intégration conceptuelle. In Le sens en traduction. Caen: Lettres Modernes Minard, 311-319

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2006. Synekdokisk kreativitet i oversettelse i et metaftonymisk perspektiv eller hvordan forklare den innovative oversettelsen. In Mellomrom - tolv tekster om oversettelse. TransF:er Forlag, 56-78

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2005. Etude de l’effort cognitif du traducteur lié à la reformulation de métaphores. In La Théorie Interprétative de la Traduction. Tome II: Convergence. Mises en Perspective. Israël, F. & Lederer, M. (eds). Paris - Caen: Minard Lettres Modernes - Cahiers Champollion 6, 265-293

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2005. Le processus de déblocage en traduction. In Recherches empiriques sur la traduction et l'interprétation: processus et produits. Künzli, A. .(ed.). Bulletin suisse de linguistique appliquée Vals-Alsa numéro 81. Neuchâtel:Institut de linguistique de l'Université de Neuchâtel, 99-121

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2005. The Return of Sense on the Scene of Translation Studies in Light of the Cognitive Blending Theory. In Processus et cheminements en traduction et Interprétation. Lee-Jahnke, H. (ed.). META, Translators' journal, 50è anninversaire, Vol. 50, no 2. Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 392-404

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2005. A la recherche d'un modèle explicatif du sens en traduction. FORUM, Revue internationale de traduction et d'interprétation, vol. 3, no 1, mars 2005. Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 103-133

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2005. Er oversettelsesblødmer bare til å le av?. In Norsk språkbok. Uri, H. (ed.). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, 164-166

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2004. Le défi du procédé synecdoquien en traduction. META, Translators' journal, Vol. 49, no 4, décembre 2004. Montréal: Les presses de l'Université de Montréal, 856-875

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2004 La voix in vivo de trois traducteurs professionnels sur la question de savoir où blesse le bât en traduction. FORUM, Revue internationale de traduction et d'interprétation, Vol. 2, no 2, octobre 2004. Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 119-142

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2004 Les limites du traduisible. FORUM, Revue internationale de traduction et d'interprétation, Vol. 2, no 2, octobre 2004. Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, i-iii

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2003. Kreativitetsaspektet i lys av to kognitive teorier: the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) og the Blending Theory (BT). Romansk Forum 18, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, 21-40

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2003. Bokanmeldelse av Translation Studies – Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline. In Languages in Contrast, Riccardi, A. (ed.). Cambridge: John Benjamins, 291-304

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2003. La métonymie conceptuelle. Romansk Forum 17, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, 71-84

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2002. Pénétrer la boîte noire du traducteur. Amsterdam: Linguistica Antverpiensia, 273-285

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2002. Norwegian pilot study: Description of and comments on the translation into Norwegian of the EU-text The vision of unity that must not fail made by two State authorised translators. EXPERTISE workshop in Savonlinna 18-19.10.2001

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2002. Concept métaphorique et expression métaphorique dans une perspective cognitiviste. Romansk Forum 16, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, 723-733

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2001. La synecdoque – concept clé en traduction. Romansk Forum 13, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, 19-41

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2001. Hvordan tenker oversetteren? Bulletin for statsautoriserte translatører, Nr. 37, Oslo, 2-4

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2000 Årsak og virkning av feil i den profesjonelle oversettelse til B-språket. In Oversättning och tolkning. Englund Dimitrova (ed.). ASLA: Uppsala: Universitetstryckeriet Uppsala, 283-297

Rydning, Antin Fougner 2000. Les limites de l’acceptabilité en traduction. In Översättning och språkkontrast i nordiskt-franskt perspektiv. Eriksson, O. (ed.). Växjö Universitetet, 26-40

Links

For other publications from the author, search the Research Publication Database Frida

Rydning, Antin Fougner (2014). Les défis traductionnels liés à la traduction d’un conte moderne - Clin d’œil au patrimoine culturel norvégien. In Helland, Hans Petter & Salvesen, Christine Meklenborg (Ed.), Affaire(s) de grammaire. Mélanges offerts à Marianne Hobæk Haff à l'occasion de ses soixante-cinq ans. Novus Forlag. ISSN 9788270997534. p. 257–271. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2014). La creativite traductionnelle - resultante d'une aptitude à visualiser. FORUM: Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation. ISSN 1598-7647. 12(1), p. 137–163. doi: 10.1075/forum.12.1.07ryd. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The concept of creativity in translation is here understood in terms of an exploratoy process of visualisation grounded on anology. The reasons "why" and "how" creativity occurs in translation are respectively elucidated in the light of the Interpretive Theory of Translation and the Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. The processes of decision making are exposed in the light of Daniel Kahneman's dual proess model.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2012). CTMM as a Method to Study Conceptual Metaphtonymies in Translation. In Brdar, Mario; Raffaelli, Ida & Fuchs, Milena Zic (Ed.), Cognitive Linguistics between Universality and Variation. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISSN 9781443840576. p. 293–327. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner & Lachaud, Christian Michel (2011). An investigation of the cognitive processes in metaphor comprehension. Are primary conceptual metaphors easier to understand than complex conceptual metaphors? Benjamins Translation Library. ISSN 0929-7316. 94, p. 169–186. doi: 10.1075/btl.94.13ryd. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The behavioural study explores the cognitive processing of primary and complex conceptual metaphors during the first step of the translational process: comprehension.
Rydning, Antin Fougner & Lachaud, Christian Michel (2010). Context reduces ambiguity during comprehension, but multiplies creativity during translation. In Shreve, Gregory M. & Angelone, Erik (Ed.), Translation and Cognition. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027231918. p. 85–108. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The present study investigates experimentally how polysemous English words are translated in Norwegian by professional translators and by bilinguals without translating expertise, when presented in context versus in isolation. The effect of translating expertise on the intake of information as well as on the quality of the productions is measured with a new technological approach synchronizing keystroke and eye-movement data, developed in the framework of the European Research Project EYE-to-IT. Data are analysed with quantitative and qualitative methods. Results show that context reduces polysemy, but increases creativity by multiplying reformulation possibilities. Results also show interesting qualitative differences between professional translators and bilinguals.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2009). La traduction d'expressions métaphoriques. In Laplace, Colette; Lederer, Marianne & Gile, Daniel (Ed.), La traduction et ses métiers. Lettres Modernes Minard. ISSN 9782256911439. p. 103–115. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). La démarche de l’expert-traducteur face à un problème de reformulation. Meta : Journal des traducteurs. ISSN 0026-0452. 53(4), p. 748–764. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Approaches by professional translators when faced with a reformulation problem. Meta : Journal des traducteurs. ISSN 0026-0452. 53(4), p. 748–764. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner & Janyan, Armina (2008). Eye Movement Recordings as a Tool for Studying Mental Simulation of Speed in Text Processing by Professional Translators. FORUM: Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation. ISSN 1598-7647. 6(1), p. 59–74. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La présente étude expérimentale porte sur la représentation mentale du mouvement en traduction. L'impression de se déplacer à la lecture d'un texte évoquée par le sémantisme des mots serait due à l'activation conceptuelle d'une simulation de la vitesse. Nous avons posé qu'en traduction la simulation de la vitesse serait plus manifeste qu'au niveau de la simple lecture du texte, du fait que la traduction implique un traitement conceptuel plus riche. Nous avons mesuré les indices de la représentation mentale de la vitesse au moyen d’outils permettant d’enregistrer les mouvements des yeux, à savoir la vidéo oculographique de Tobii 1750 et le logiciel GWM. La détection du nombre et de la durée des fixations sur les mots clefs du texte signalant une motion a montré que les experts-traducteurs s'étaient davantage attardés sur les mots évoquant des mouvements lents que des mouvements rapides. Cette capacité de simulation de la vitesse en traduction permet de renforcer l’hypothèse selon laquelle la traduction est avant tout une activité conceptuelle où la visualisation des concepts est une étape préalable à la reverbalisation dans la langue d’arrivée.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2007). Synekdokisk kreativitet i oversettelse i et metaftonymisk perspektiv eller hvordan forklare den innovative oversettelsen. In Vikøy, Aasne; Rokseth, Benjamin & Strøm, Cathrine (Ed.), Mellomrom - tolv tekster om oversettelse. TransFe:r Forlag. ISSN 9788292635001. p. 56–78. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Bak denne noe kryptiske tittelen, ligger et ønske om å kaste lys over en sentral komponent i oversettelse: synekdokisk kreativitet, dvs. den innovative oversettelsesløsningen som går ut på å erstatte en formulering i originalteksten med en helt annen formulering i oversettelsen. Forklaringsmodellene jeg legger til grunn er (i) den konseptuelle metafor- og metonymiteorien, som den kognitive lingvisten Goossens noe spøkefullt har gitt benevnelsen metaftonymi, og (ii) den konseptuelle integrasjonsteorien, bedre kjent som the Blending Theory (BT)
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2006). La déverbalisation et la reverbalisation du sens à la lumière de la théorie de l’intégration conceptuelle. FORUM: Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation. ISSN 1598-7647. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2006). La déverbalisation et la reverbalisation du sens à la lumière de la théorie de l'intégration conceptuelle. In Lederer, Marianne (Eds.), Le sens en traduction. Lettres Modernes Minard. ISSN 9782256911125. p. 311–319. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2005). The Return of Sense to the Scene of Translation Studies in the Light of the Cognitive Blending Theory. Meta : Journal des traducteurs. ISSN 0026-0452. 50(2), p. 392–404. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The aim of the article is to revitalize the Paris school model of deverbalisation and reverbalisation of sense in translation, i.e. the representation of sense as a mental image, in light of the cognitive blending theory. Through sample examples of online process data taken from the concurrent think-aloud protocols of two experienced professional translators and the keylogged files of their writing processes, evidence is given of the imaginative and creative work pertaining to their construals of sense. It is shown that that the blending theory model represents sense as the result of mapping concepts into other concepts and as relations between mental spaces
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2005). Le processus de déblocage en traduction. Bulletin suisse de linguistique appliquée. ISSN 1023-2044. p. 99–121. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
L'objectif de l'article est de rendre compte de la démarche cognitive de trois experts-traducteurs norvégiens aux prises avec certains problèmes de compréhension et de reformulation du sens d'un énoncé extrait d'un texte original français. Les données processuelles issues de deux méthodes d'observation in vivo du comportement des experts-traducteurs sont combinées: les protocoles de verbalisation et les données informatisées des activités d'écriture des sujets traduisants. L'étude met d'une part l'accent sur l'activité cognitive déployée en vue de résoudre les problèmes de traduction, et d'autre part sur le lien entre les procédés de déblocage appliqués et les principes traductionnels sous-jacents.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2005). Etude de l'effort cognitif du traducteur lié à la reformulation de métaphores, La Théorie interprétative de la traduction. Minard. p. 265–293. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La présente étude se propose de décrire et de mesurer l'effort cognitif du traducteur lié à la reformulation d'expressions métaphoriques en se fondant sur une analyse processuelle de trois experts-traducteurs expérimentés.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2005). A la recherche d'un modèle explicatif du sens en traduction. FORUM: Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation. ISSN 1598-7647. 1(1), p. 103–133. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
L'objectif du présent article est de donner un nouveau souffle au principe de déverbalisation et de reverbalisation du sens de l'Ecole de Paris. A partir d'une analyse processuelle in vivo de trois professionnels de la traduction, je montre que le transfert du sens est la transmission d'une représentation mentale, et non simplement la conversion d'une forme linguistique en une autre. Les unités retenues aux fins de l'analyse sont les expressions métaphoriques et métonymiques.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2004). Le défi du procédé synecdoquien en traduction. Meta : Journal des traducteurs. ISSN 0026-0452. 49(4), p. 856–875. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
L'objectif de la présente étude est de cerner la démarche traduisante du professionnel de la traduction sur la base d'une analyse des données processuelles in vivo (protocoles de verbalisation et logiciel Translog) de trois experts-traducteurs. Elle cherche à tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle les créations discursives déclenchent une activité cognitive différente de celle déployée face au transfert par voie d'alignement de correspondances pré-assignées. La démarche adoptée dans l'étude, laquelle s'inscrit dans un programme de recherche plus vaste sur les processus mentaux du traducteur, est illustrée à l'aide d'une formulation inédite issue de mon corpus.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2004). La voix in vivo de trois traducteurs professionnels sur la question de savoir où blesse le bât en traduction. FORUM: Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation. ISSN 1598-7647. 2(2), p. 119–142. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2003). Kreativitetsaspektet i lys av to kognitive teorier: the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) og the blending theory (BT). Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. p. 21–41. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
CMT og BT er verdifulle kommensurable og komplementære kognitive teorier som redegjør for henholdsvis konvensjonalisert metaforisk konseptualisering og innovativ on-line konseptualisering av såvel metaforisk som metonymisk art. I et translatologisk perspektiv framstår de som dynamiske forklaringsmodeller for konseptualisering på to plan: (i) forståelse av meningsinnhold og (ii) gjengivelse av dette meningsinnholdet på det andre språket. BT-modellen, som bygger på CMT-modellen, representerer en nyvinning på det teoretiske plan, idet den gjør det mulig å studere det mest sentrale aspektet ved oversettelse: diskursiv kreativitet.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2003). La métonymie conceptuelle. Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. 17, p. 71–84. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Les objectifs du présent article sont (i) de distinguer la métonymie conceptuelle des deux autres mécanismes conceptuels que sont la métaphore et la synecdoque, (ii) de rendre compte de la façon dont certains linguistes ont suggéré de pallier aux insuffisances du modèle de distinction cognitiviste traditionnel, et (iii) d'exposer brièvement comment l'identification de l'emploi de la métonymie peut trouver une application en traduction automatique.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Pénétrer la boîte noire du traducteur. Linguistica Anverpiensia New Series – Themes in Translation Studies. ISSN 0304-2294. p. 273–285. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
L'étude du processus traductionnel fournit à la linguistique cognitive des données empiriques précieuses sur les activités cognitives liées à la conceptualisation et la reformulation du sens, à partir desquelles de nouvelles hypothèses peuvent être proposées. Partant du principe selon lequel le comportement verbal et non-verbal des sujets traduisants sert d'indices à leur activité cognitive, la présente étude expérimentale se fonde sur l'analyse des données processuelles de deux experts traducteurs fournies par deux méthodes d'observation in vivo: l'approche introspective dite 'think-aloud-protocol' (Ericsson & Simon 1984) et l'approche informatisée des activités d'écriture dite 'type-along-protocol' (Jakobsen 2002). Elle a pour objectif de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle la restitution dans la langue d'arrivée des expressions métaphoriques du texte de départ s'effectue en fonction d'une conceptualisation métaphorique générale qui précède la recherche des ressources lexicales de la langue d'arrivée.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). L'indétermination - obstacle ou faux-problème? In Anamur, Hasan (Eds.), Aspects culturels de la traduction. Université technique de Yildiz. ISSN 9789754613292. p. 71–80. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Le phénomène de l'indétermination passionne depuis longtemps les linguistes qui y voient la preuve la plus convaincante de l'intraduisibilité. L'intérêt de ce phénomène pour la traductologie est discuté. Une distinction est faite entre l'indétermination fortuite et l'indétermination voulue. L'indétermination fortuite est considérée comme un problème auquel se heurte (i) le linguiste qui opère au niveau de la langue, (ii) la machine à traduire qui doit pouvoir éliminer les pouvoir-dire non pertinents à partir des seules informations lexicales et des règles morphologiques et syntaxiques mises en mémoire, (iii) le mauvais traducteur, qui en l'absence de correspondants dans la langue d'arrivée, aligne sur des bases non objectives l'une des significations verbales, ou bien choisit - faute de méthode - de les énumérer toutes dans une note du traducteur. Si l'indétermination fortuite constitue un obstacle au niveau de la langue, elle n'est en revanche pas considérée concerner le traducteur professionnel qui se situe au niveau du texte, et qui de ce fait opère sur le texte entier et non sur des phrases isolées. L'indétermination voulue concerne en revanche le traducteur, car elle présente une valeur communicative, et constitue alors un d´€fi que le traducteur s'empresse de relever.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). La synecdoche - concept clé en traduction. Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. 13, p. 19–41. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
L'objectif de la présente étude pilote est de préparer le terrain à la description de l'activité cognitive liée à la traduction d'expressions consacrées. Les données in vivo de deux experts-traducteurs attelés à leur traduction sont issues de la combinaison de deux approches: l'approche dite TAPs (think-aloud-protocols) à celle dite Translog. L'approche TAPs, importée de la psychologie vers la fin des années 80, est l'analyse qualitative des données verbales enregistrées sur vidéo pendant l'activité traduisante. Ces données verbales sont transcrites en procès-verbaux, appelés TAPs ou introspection à haute-voix dans la littérature traductologique. L'approche Translog, toute récente puisqu'elle date de la fin des années 90, est l'analyse quantitative des données informatisées correspondant aux touches du clavier de l'ordinateur activées par le traducteur ainsi qu'aux temps d'arrêt marqués entre les différentes périodes d'écriture au cours du processus de traduction. Ces données des activités d'écriture et des pauses effectuées sont représentées graphiquement ainsi qu'en différé par le logiciel Translog. L'analyse de ces représentations vise essentiellement à corréler pauses et corrections observées au cours du processus de traduction aux solutions proposées en vue de cerner de plus près la façon dont a été traduite la synecdoque dans la langue d'arrivée.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). The synecdochial device applied to translation seen against the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. 14, p. 61–74. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Meaning construction is one of the cornerstones of cognitive science. Because translation deals with meaning construction from two aspects, that of understanding meaning and that of re-constructing it in another language, there is reason to believe that a translation theory should have a cognitive grounding. My objective is to see to what extent the cognitive framework referred to as conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) can give a conceptual explanation of the translator¿s choice of salient features in the target language leading to translation shifts. Empirical examples from my research corpus are given.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). TAPs (Think-aloud protocols) - A useful method in throwing light on the translation process. Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. p. 91–110. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Can think-aloud-protocols (TAPs) reveal how translators negociate meaning? Based on the assumption that human cognition is information-processing, the on-line method involving verbal-report data makes it possible (i) to infer from mental states described some of the cognitive processes at work during the complex problem-solving activity of translation and (ii) to test a certain number of unverified hypotheses. As there has been little focus in the literature of TAPs on combined reception-production problems, a non-routine translation task into Norwegian of a culture-specific French text was devised in order to shed light on this twofold problem. The assumption which is empirically tested, is that monosemous words such as proper names of a geographical nature do not need to be understood prior to being transferred mechanically into the target language. The observations made from the experiment revealed that the translation of the geographical names did require conscious problem-solving activity on the part of the six translating persons. The TAPs in fact highlighted their awareness of three essential aspects of the translation process: (i)Their awareness of referential problems. (ii) Their will to mind the gap between their lack of referential knowledge and the factual knowledge judged necessary to understand the text segment. (iii)Their awareness of communicative factors in the search for a solution to the problem of transfer.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). Les limites de l'acceptabilité en traduction. Rapporter från Växjö universitet. Humaniora. ISSN 1404-0441. 9, p. 26–40. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Le problème de l'acceptabilité de la traduction en B est un domaine de recherche en friche. En l'absence d'une étude théorique des conditions d'acceptabilité des traductions fonctionnelles dans la langue seconde du traducteur, un premier déblayement des conditions d'acceptabilité s'avérait nécessaire en vue de dégager les paramètres qui permettent de dire d'une telle traduction qu'elle est insuffisante, possible, bonne, excellente.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (1999). Kontekstuell vs konvensjonell betydning i det kognitive paradigmet. Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. p. 3–18. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Hvordan aktiviseres en språkbrukers konseptualiseringssystem i forsøket på å fortolke ord og uttrykk? Med kognitiv grammatikk som teoretisk ramme, der formidling og forståelse av betydning betraktes som det mest grunnleggende ved språklig aktivitet, gjøres det rede for hvordan leksikalske enheter prosesseres. Etter å ha angitt hvor Ronald Langacker befinner seg i det kognitive landskap og gitt en definisjon av sentrale begrep innen kognitiv grammatikk, plasseres kort kognitiv grammatikk i forhold til andre lingvistiske teorier. Deretter drøftes Langackers bruk av begrepsparet kontekstuell vs konensjonell betydning for å klassifisere hvilken status leksikalske enheter har.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (1998). La notion d'ambiguïté en traduction. TradTerm. ISSN 0104-639X. 5(1), p. 11–40. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Si l'ambiguïté constitue un obstacle considérable en traduction automatique, seule l'ambiguïté intentionnelle constitue un défi pour le traducteur humain. Inscrite de façon allusive ou visible dans le texte original, l'ambiguïté intentionnelle présente une valeur communicationnelle dans le discours. L'actualisation du potentiel d'ambiguïté étant le fait de l'émetteur, le traducteur s'efforce de restituer le message plurivalent en recréant la tension dans l'inscription du sens par le langage. Le défi pour le traductologue est de décrire et d'évaluer les stratégies adoptées en vue de faire la part entre les solutions dues à l'analogie accidentelle entre les deux langues et les solutions relevant de la créativité de l'auteur. Quant aux ambiguïtés fortuites, celles-ci n'ayant aucune valeur communicationnelle dans le discours, elles ne présentent qu'un intérêt limité au niveau de la théorisation sur le processus de la traduction. La traduction de ces énoncés univoques voulus par l'émetteur constitués d'éléments formels qui comportent dans leur texture un potentiel d'ambiguïté ne pose en effet guère plus de problème au traducteur professionnel que la traduction d'énoncés univoques dont les éléments formels ne comportent aucun potentiel d'ambiguïté. Ce n'est que lorsque les connaissances de faits du traducteur font défaut, qu'il prend conscience de la pluralité de significations d'un mot ou d'une phrase. S'il ne fait pas l'effort de rétablir le rapport univoque qui existe entre les idées et les énoncés de l'émetteur, il risque de sélectionner la mauvaise virtualité de sens. S'il opte pour l'actualisation du potentiel d'ambiguïté dans la langue d'arrivée, il risque d'occulter partiellement ou intégralement la compréhension du lecteur. Ces erreurs de méthode présentent un intérêt particulier au niveau de la didactique de la traduction professionnelle.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (1998). Comment situer "La traduction raisonnée"? Working papers in applied linguistics. ISSN 0806-7287. 4, p. 49–55. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
13 ans après la parution de "L'Analyse du discours comme méthode de traduction", Jean Delisle publie un second ouvrage "La Traduction raisonnée" consacré aux méthodes d'initiation à la traduction professionnelle de textes pragmatiques dans le sens anglais - francais. Ce second ouvrage est à concevoir comme le prolongement pratique du premier. 56 objectifs spécifiques correspondant chacun à un problème de traduction sont organisés autour de 8 thèmes généraux. Après avoir sérié les difficultés liées au transfert linguistique, Delisle entreprend de faire ressortir, à partir du dépouillement d'un grand nombre de traductions réussies, la façon dont procède le francais pour rendre un sens exprimé en anglais. Les faits de langue observés sont convertis en procédés de traduction dont l'application pratique est censée assurer au texte traduit clarté et intelligibilité. Les lignes ainsi dégagées se prêtent à leur tour à une systématisation des difficultés auxquelles se heurtent le traducteur - difficultés qui portent essentiellement sur les réaménagements lexicaux, syntaxiques et rédactionnels nécessaires pour satisfaire aux exigences de la langue d'arrivée. "La Traduction raisonnée" serait-elle enfin l'ouvrage destiné à prendre la relève de "La Stylistique comparée" de Vinay & Darbelnet (1968)? Tout porte à croire que oui: son ancrage théorique dans la théorie interprétative de l'Ecole de Paris, son appui sur la linguistique différentielle, son démontage du mécanisme complexe de la traduction, ses réponses aux exigences particulières de formation des futurs traducteurs professionnels.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (1998). De la théorie à la pratique de la traduction. Meta : Journal des traducteurs. ISSN 0026-0452. 43(3), p. 349–363. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Cette étude a pour objectif la mise en application de la méthode interprétative de la traduction à la traduction norvégienne d'un texte pragmatique français. Le cadre méthodologique dans lequel s'inscrit cette étude nous est fourni par "L'Analyse du discours comme méthode de traduction" (Delisle 1980). La grande originalité de "L'Analyse" résidant essentiellement au niveau du palier de l'exégèse lexicale, nous nous fondons intégralement sur ce palier pour expliquer la création des équivalences contextuelles dans notre traduction. Les paliers de l'interprétation de la charge stylistique et de l'organicité textuelle étant traités de façon plus schématique, nous étoffons le modèle de Delisle en y insérant nos propres composantes ainsi que celles d'autres théoriciens du language. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The interpretive method as advocated by Delisle (1980) in "L'Analyse du discours comme méthode de traduction" is applied to the translation from French to Norwegian of a pragmatic text. Our approach draws heavily on lexical exegesis for dealing with contextual equivalents. For interpreting stylistic features and addressing textual organicity, we have supplemented Delisle's method with a few parameters of our own and those of other language theorists.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (1997). Myten om det uoversettelige. Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. 5, p. 3–16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Myten om det uoversettelige har oppstått i kjølvannet av kontrastiv lingvistikks erkjennelse av det magre utbyttet bruk av aprioristisk samsvar som metode har gitt. Dersom en anlegger et annet perspektiv på oversettelse, og legger den interpretative oversettelsesteori (Paris-skolen) til grunn, lar myten om det uoversettelige seg avlive. Den tradisjonelle modellen som presenterer oversettelse som en lineær overføring av overflatestrukturkonstituenter, forkastes til fordel for en modell som fokuserer på psykologiske prosessuelle størrelser. Dermed blir spørsmålet om hvor vellykket en oversettelse er, ikke utelukkende knyttet til det aktuelle språkparet, men først og fremst til oversetterens kommunikative kompetanse. Så sant det er språklig mulig å referere en kognitiv erfaring, vil alt som kan uttrykkes på ett språk nødvendigvis kunne gjengis på et annet. For oversetteren gjelder det å skape en ny tekst, som lever sitt eget liv, på mottakerspråkets premisser.

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Rydning, Antin Fougner (2005). Er oversettelsesblødmer bare til å le av? Kunnskapsforlaget. ISBN 9788257315986. -161164 p. Full text in Research Archive

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Rydning, Antin Fougner (2015). Le désormais classique Interpréter pour traduire. Revue Romane. ISSN 0035-3906. 50(2). Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2013). Den innovative og kreative oversettelsen – et utslag av evnen til å visualisere. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2012). A presentation of the multilingual challenge for the European citizen. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner & Lachaud, Christian Michel (2012). Norwegian Data on Translation Processes. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2011). Le rayonnement de la théorie interprétative de la traduction. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2011). The metaphtonymization mechanisms in translation. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This paper addresses the metaphtonymization mechanisms involved in text interpretation and reformulation. Whereas conventional linguistics fail to explain how it is possible for the same meaning to be expressed by two different linguistic formulations in two different languages, the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Metonymy (CTMM) seems promising to translation studies, as it provides us with conceptual models of meaning representation which can be applied both to the original and its translation. On the basis of translation data provided by 13 professional translators who were assigned a translation task, the exploratory study aims to show how a contextually enriched Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Metonymy (CTMM) can shed light on various translation strategies. Particular attention is given to the degrees of conceptual overlap between the original utterances and their translations.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2010). Flertydige ord - éntydige meninger. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Formålet med det europeiske forskningsprosjektet Eye-to-IT (2006-2009) er å gi bedre innsikt i hvordan hjernen jobber når man oversetter. Et av hovedmålene har vært å lage et dataprogram som popper opp gode forslag til oversettelse på skjermen - basert på oversetterens blikk på teksten. Hviler øynene lenger ved et ord enn andre, skjønner programmet at oversetteren trenger hjelp. Klarer dataprogrammet å finne det riktige ordet for oversetteren - før han/hun vet ordet av det? I foredraget presenteres ett av de fire EYE-to-IT psyolingvistiske eksperimentene som fant sted ved UiO: Hvordan flertydige ord prosesseres i og utenfor kontekst av ekspertoversettere og språkstudenter. Undersøkelsen viser at det er klare prosesseringsforskjeller mellom de to informantgruppene. Ekspertoversetterne produserer kvalitativt bedre oversettelser og arbeider raskere enn språkstudentene. Blant gruppen ekspertoversettere deltok flere av medlemmene i Norsk oversetterforening.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2010). Simulering av bevegelser i oversettelse. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2010). Triangulering av metoder i prosess-orienterte studier av oversettelse. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Hvordan kan triangulering av metoder kaste lys over kognitive aspekter ved oversettelsesprosessen? Mye av den oversettelsesteoretiske forskningen tar utgangspunkt i lingvistiske intuisjoner og oversettelsesrelaterte erfaringer, som bare i liten grad er blitt testet psykolingvistisk, dvs. at validiteten ikke er blitt etterprøvd gjennom eksperimenter. I mitt innlegg vil jeg prøve å vise hvordan eksperimenter som kombinerer metoder som online registrering av tastaruraktivitet, øyebevegelser og ERP (event-related potential, dvs. elektrofysiologisk respons på stimuli) kan bidra til å teste hypoteser om interaksjonen mellom tanker og språk. Oversettelse som jo har forståelse og gjenformulering av forståelse som sine sentrale komponenter, fremstår som spesielt godt egnet til dette formål.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2010). La traduction du conte moderne norvégien "Bukkene Bruse på Badeland". Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Quelques défis linguistiques et culturels relevés à partir de la traduction du livre pour enfant "Bukkene Bruse på Badeland" de Bjørn F. Rørvik, paru en 2009 chez Cappelen Damm et lauréat du prix du livre d’animation du Ministère norvégien de la Culture. http://www.norvege.no/News_and_events/culture/literature/Seminaire-sur-la-traduction-du-norvegien-au-francais-a-Paris/
Lachaud, Christian Michel & Rydning, Antin Fougner (2010). Primary vs Complex Metaphors. EEG Coherence Analysis reveals Brain Activity Differences during Metaphor Comprehension. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The experimental study (i) corroborated via EEG scalp coherence analyses the psychological reality of the conceptual metaphor hypothesis according to which there are two categories of conceptual metaphors: primary and complex conceptual metaphors. Contrarily to what has been assumed by cognitiv linguists such as Grady 1997, Lakoff & Johnson 1999 and Kövecses 2005, the study furthermore (ii) indicated that it is unlikely that the complex conceptual metaphors are prosessed via primary metaphor bricks. Rather than being processed through embodied experience, it (iii) suggested that complex metaphors are more likely processed through direct conceptual blending.
Lachaud, Christian Michel & Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Presentasjon av Eye-to-IT under Forskningsdagene 2008. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner & Lachaud, Christian Michel (2008). Oversetterens atferd. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Presentasjon av EYE-to-IT-prosjektet
Lachaud, Christian Michel & Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Collaboration project Rikshospitalet SSE / EYE-to-IT. Full text in Research Archive
Janyan, Armina; Rydning, Antin Fougner; Lachaud, Christian Michel & Willa, Mariann Skiri (2008). Eye movements reveal mental simulation of speed in text processing. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Tanslation as a method to study conceptual metaphtonymies. (Abstract). Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The study aims to: (i) give a cognitively based description of occurrences of metaphtonymic expressions in the original English text. (ii) show how the metaphtonymic expressions have been transferred from English into Norwegian by 13 Norwegian professional translators. (iii) explain why creative translational shifts occur in the target texts, i.e. account for the reasons underlying the professional translators’ choices. (iv) link the solutions to the translators’ cognitive efforts on the basis of their online process data taken from the keylogged files of their writing processes (Jakobsen & Schou 1999). It is hypothesized that creative translation shifts will give rise to more cognitive efforts on the part of the translator than transfer of sense through the mere activation of linguistic correspondences, i.e. cross-linguistically similar solutions.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Intervju på NRK-P1. [Radio]. Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Presentasjon av prosjektet "Eye-to-IT" i forbindelse med Forskningsdagene
Lachaud, Christian Michel; Rydning, Antin Fougner; Larring, May Irene & Solis-Escalante, Teodoro (2008). Report on the first results from the analyses of Eye movements, Typing behaviour, and EEG data, collected in June 2008 - Prompting experiment. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Intervju på NRK-P2 "Verdt å vite". [Radio]. Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Presentasjon av prosjektet "Eye-to-IT".
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). Translation as a method to study conceptual metaphtonymies. Full text in Research Archive
Janyan, Armina; Rydning, Antin Fougner & Lachaud, Christian Michel (2008). Speed simulation in text translation: an eye movement study (Poster). Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The study tests a hypothesis according to which 3 different kinds of movement speed, such as slow, neutral or fast correspondingly activate different motion representations in reading and translating tasks, and whether this activation can be detected in the eye movement patterns of 12 highly proficient Norwegian-English bilinguals with an average L2 (English) experience of 13 years.
Rydning, Antin Fougner; Lachaud, Christian Michel & Faugli, Hilde (2008). Med øye for forståelse. [Journal]. Universitas, Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Forsøk som tar sikte på å kartlegge forskjellene mellom å lese for å forstå og å lese for å oversette, dvs. gjenformulere sin forståelse på et annet språk.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2008). En titt inn i oversetterens hode. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The guest lecture presents the eye movement results of the Speed Simulation study on 13 Norwegian professional translators together with an analysis of their ERS/ERD and Heart Rate (HR) measures on the task reading for comprehension. The results suggest the brain and heart activity changes relate to the movement speed conditions. Fast conditions show different activation patterns in the hemispheres: the left hemisphere has a low negative activation measured on C3, while the right hemisphere has a high positive activation measured on C4. Whereas the HR measures are concerned, the heart beats faster in the fast condition compared to the slow condition. A possible explanation could be that if we move through time as we move through space, we prepare our body to the appropriate action. When we run, we pass landmarks and objects on our way faster than if we are moving slowly, a condition which is reflected in our heart rate.
Rydning, Antin Fougner & Janyan, Armina (2007). Prospective Time Estimation pilot study in Translation. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Research question: Do translators who not only read a story about movements in space in the sender language, but also re-write this story in the target language, mentally simulate the motion and speed of the protagonist twice? Hypothesis: Estimated translating time decreases as story speed increases, i.e. when dealing with a text about fast movements, the subjects will estimate having used less time translating the story, than when they deal with the story about slow movements.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2007). Les fondements d’une étude expérimentale sur la nature déverbalisée du sens. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Prémisse: La traduction est avant tout une opération conceptuelle, où le transfert du sens et des effets de forme sont le résultat d’une représentation mentale, et non la simple conversion d’une forme linguistique en une autre. Objectifs: Montrer à partir d’une étude expérimentale conduite sur 12 professionnels de la traduction qu’ils font appel à leur imagination et leur capacité de visualiser l’idée, de se la représenter mentalement, avant de chercher à la reverbaliser dans la langue d’arrivée. Mesurer leurs efforts cognitifs déployés pendant la traduction d’expressions métaphoriques et/ou métonymiques dans une situation de traduction réelle.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2007). Expert translation from a cognitive perspective, with its focus on meaning construction. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Meaning construction is a key concept in the Theory of Interpretative Translation (TIT) as developed by the Paris school more than 30 years ago. Although its deverbalisation model intuitively appealed to translation practitioners as a representation of the translation process, and despite the fact that it laid the ground for didactics in translation and interpretation studies in the 1970’s up till today, its contribution to linguistics was never fully recognized. Because the concepts of deverbalisation and sense were viewed as being pre-theoretical and as lacking sufficient empirical backing, they were not retained as research objects by the linguistic community. The same applied to the synecdochial device. Although translation practitioners were intuitively satisfied by the explanation given to the implications of the synecdochial device on translational behavior, many translation theorists and linguists have criticized the "synechdochic device" as a mentalistic conception of translation, considered not to be falsifiable. With the advent of cognitive linguistics which seek to explain the way we think, the way we conceptualise things and events, and in particular two of its most recent trends, the cognitive theory of metaphor and metonymy (CTMM) and the blending theory (BT), the complex mental phenomenon of sense construction in discourse has suddenly turned into a research object of prime interest. By providing us with the tools to represent sense as the result of mapping concepts into other concepts and as relations between mental spaces, these two theories are now in a position to give support to the pioneer model of deverbalisation of sense based on the synecdochial device of the Paris school.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2006). Qu’est-ce que la traduction? Perspectives linguistiques et cognitives. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La traduction en tant que discipline de recherche est l’objet essentiel de ma communication. Je m'efforce de cerner de plus près l'opération intellectuelle complexe et mystérieuse qu'est la traduction, laquelle consiste à maintenir l’invariance du sens et des effets de forme dans la variance des langues. L'accent est mis sur la traduction étudiée sous l’angle du processus, et en particulier la démarche cognitive du traducteur professionnel.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2006). Synekdokisk kreativitet i oversettelse. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Oversettelse er en problemløsende aktivitet som går ut på å holde mening og formeffekter i originalteksten konstante i overgangen til et annet språk. Denne overgangen gir seg utslag i så vel leksikalske korrespondanser, dvs. forhåndsetablerte forbindelser mellom de to språkene, som ekvivalenser, dvs. nyskapende forbindelser. De fleste studier av oversettelse har analyse av syntaktiske og leksikalske korrespondanser mellom språk - med utgangspunkt i en sammenlikning av originaltekst og translat - som sitt forskningsobjekt. Oversettelsesekvivalenser (translation shifts) sett i lys av oversettelsesprosessen, er det derimot forsket lite på. I prosjektet Oversettelse som språk- og kulturmøte (2001-2005) har jeg ønsket å bøte på dette forholdet ved å kaste lys over synekdokisk kreativitet, dvs. den innovative oversettelsesløsningen som går ut på å erstatte en metaforisk eller metonymisk formulering i originalteksten med en helt annen formulering i translatet, uten at denne endringen verken fører til meningsfordreining eller -tap. Forskning på mentale prosesser er et vanskelig forskningsfelt ettersom det jo ikke er mulig å gå direkte inn i hodet på en oversetter for å observere hvordan tekstforståelse og -produksjon blir til. Ved å kombinere to indirekte online metoder: (i) høyttenkningsprotokoller og (ii) dataregistrering av ekspertoversetterens skriveaktivitet på PC’en under et oppdrag, har det imidlertid vært mulig å observere oversetterens problemløsende aktivitet knyttet til oversettelse av metaforer og metonymier, to konseptuelle entiteter som regnes som de mest vanlige i diskurs. Fordi de innhentede data ikke direkte reflekterer spesifikke mentale prosesser, er de nødvendigvis blitt interpretert. Jeg har tatt utgangspunkt i to kommensurable kognitive teorier som vektlegger konseptualisering av mening: den kognitive metafor- og metonymiteorien (Lakoff & Johnson 1980, 2001, Gibbs & Steen 1999, Kövecses 2002, Barcelona 2003, Croft 2003) og den konseptuelle integreringsteorien (Fauconnier &Turner 2002).
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2006). Rygg ikke inn i fremtiden. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2005). La déverbalisation et la reverbalisation du sens à la lumière de la théorie de l'intégration conceptuelle. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
L�objectif de ma communication est de montrer que le concept de la déverbalisation du sens en traduction, lequel se situe entre la phase de compréhension du texte et celle de sa reformulation dans la langue d�arrivée - concept longtemps décrié comme intuitif plus que scientifique, trouve avec le concept de la reverbalisation du sens aujourd�hui une explication théorique plausible dans la théorie de l�intégration conceptuelle, mieux connue sous son appellation anglaise blending theory, couramment abrégée BT.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2004). Creativity in translation in the light of the cognitive blending theory. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2004). Les limites du traduisible. FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture and the Arts. 2(2), p. i–iii. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2003). Ouverture du colloque: Les limites du traduisible. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La traduction est-elle impossible per se? Les défis linguistiques et culturels que relèvent sans cesse les traducteurs talentueux semblent être la preuve que la notion de déficit en traduction est largement exagérée.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2003). La voix in vivo de trois experts-traducteurs sur la question de savoir dans quelle mesure l'ambiguïté est percue comme un problème en traduction. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Le potentiel d'ambiguïté pose-t-il un problème à l'expert traducteur et, le cas échéant, qu'en fait-il? Partant de l'observation à chaud du comportement de l'expert-traducteur aux prises avec son texte, la présente analyse révèle que ses préoccupations majeures portent sur la meilleure façon d'assurer la clarté et la cohésion de son texte. Celles-ci s'avèrent ainsi être aux antipodes des problèmes de désambiguisation auxquels se heurte continuellement la machine à traduire.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2003). Book review of 'Translation Studies - Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline' A. Riccardi (ed.) Cambridge University Press (244 pages). Languages in Contrast: International Journal for Contrastive Linguistics. ISSN 1387-6759. 3(2), p. 291–304. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The complexity of translation has lately led to systematic investigations of translations and their study at all levels of cultural, social and economic life from a multitude of angles, resulting in a variety of research areas grouped under the heading of 'translation studies'. This volume which contains 15 contributions with different perspectives on translation and interpretation aims at showing the recent trend towards a multidisciplinary approach to translation. Despite a lack of convergence between the approaches, a common concern appears to be the role attributed to the translator and his/her problem-solving activity. All contributions recognize problem-solving features in the translator's behaviour.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Expert cognition in translation within a semantic and cultural context. [Internet]. Oslo jfr. http://www.hf.uio.no/kri/expert/index.html : EXPERTISE-nettverket: Expression of Interest for EU/ FP6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The integrated project proposed here aims at researching expertise in human translation. Expertise is seen as a multi-faceted cognitive activity that makes use of both factual and procedural knowledge. The researchers included in the project cover a broad selection of Indo-European and Finno-Ugric languages, and their varied research experience constitutes a unique configuration of competences with a focus on cognitive approaches. The expected results of the research to be carried out can be applied both to training programmes for professional translating (including e-learning solutions) and to the development of machine translation and machine-assisted translation. In a larger context the research will enhance cross-lingual and cross-cultural communication and thus contribute towards European integration, making Europe the world leader in the field of translation research.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Les techniques du résumé scolaire. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La conférence et les travaux dirigés visent la maîtrise des techniques liées au résumé de texte scolaire.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Traduire en langue étrangère. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Présentation de la méthode TAP et du logiciel Translog. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Le principe de la synecdoque en traduction. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). La métaphore conceptuelle lakofienne et la synecdoque ledererienne. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Un rapprochement théorique est fait entre la métaphore conceptuelle lakofienne et la synecdoque ledererienne au niveau de la traductologie.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Les compléments cognitifs - leur rôle dans la compréhension et leurs conséquences sur la ré-expression. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Concept métaphorique et expression métaphorique dans une perspective cognitiviste. Romansk Forum. ISSN 0804-6468. 2(16), p. 723–733. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La présente étude vise à tester l'applicabilité du modèle de la 'métaphore conceptuelle' à la traduction d'expressions métaphoriques extraites de données traductionnelles in vitro. Il s'agit e.a. de voir comment est reconstruite dans la langue d'arrivée la configuration cognitive évoquée par l'expression métaphorique du texte de départ.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Brief introduction to the methodology of Translog and think aloud protocols (TAPs). Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The purpose of this methodological introduction is to show how translation expert processes can be studied on-line on the basis of data elicited by two process-oriented approaches: (i) Translog, a keyboard logging program, and (ii) verbal reporting, better known as TAPs (think aloud protocols). Analyses of the data based on text-processing and psycholinguistic theories as well as on a general theory of cognition are suggested.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Situational and cultural context in cognitive translation. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
A major societal challenge is to undestand how to perform a quality translation and how to represent such a translation. On an applied level, understanding "what goes on in the translator's head" will serve the training of translators as well as the development of new and improved translation software based on today's technologies. What we need now is to model representation of cognitive and cultural knowledge believed to be part of the translator's tacit knowledge and skills, such as handling cognitive concpets in different cultural concepts. The research proposed will be carried out within process studies in translation
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Research stategy for EXPERTISE. Full text in Research Archive
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). On "Expression of Interest" for EoI.FP6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Et hovedmål for European Research Area (ERA) er å gi alle EU-borgere innpass i IKT-samfunnet. Oversettelse vil i den sammenheng spille en nøkkelrolle for å sikre alle tilgang til ny teknologi på sitt eget språk. EXPERTISE-nettverket setter seg som mål å utforme en Expression of Interest (EoI) der hovedvekten legges på tilegnelse av ny kunnskap og nye produkter i et samarbeid mellom akademia og industri. Forskningsprosjektet EXTRA! representerer mange indo-europeiske og finsk-ugriske språk og speiler det språklige mangfoldet i Europa. Et overordnet mål er å samordne våre empiriske undersøkelser og samle inn sammenliknbare data. Et mulig samarbeid med SchlumbergerSema vil gi prosjektet en viktig synergieffekt.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2002). Norwegian pilot study: comments on the translation into Norwegian of the EU-text "The vision of unity that must not fail" made by two Government authorised translators. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In an attempt to find empirical evidence for effortful cognitive activities based on Translog-data, the time delay in the Translog-files of two Norwegian Government authorised translators was set to 5 seconds. The three examples which were analysed gave a clear indication as to the translators' creative processing efforts in the reformulation phase. A comparison of their global strategy choices showed that one seemed to follow Toury's (1980) principle of "adequacy", while the other seemed to conform to that of "adequacy". Interestingly, the two professional literary translators who evaluated the translations showed similar difference of opinion: one preferring the "acceptable" translation, the other preferring the "adequate" one.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Konseptuelle metaforer i "The Power of Poetic Metaphor". Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Metaforisk språk gjennomsyrer vårt daglige språk og er en konsekvens av metaforisk tenkning. Metaforer hjelper oss til å forstå både oss selv og verden vi lever i. Metaforisk forståelse er helt sentral og all annen form for tankeprosess overlegen. Metaforer er ikke ensbetydende med språklige uttrykk. Én måte å betrakte metaforen på, er å se på den som en kopling fra ett konseptuelt doméne til et annet. Den kan således representeres som en tre-faset struktur: (i) et kildedoméne (ii) et måldoméne (iii) en kopling. Koblingen kan bare gå i én retning: fra kildedoménet til måldoménet. Hver metaforiske kopling består av felt, forhold, egenskaper og kunnskaper i kildedoménet som koples opp mot felt, forhold, egenskaper og kunnskaper i måldoménet. Koblingen som dermed etableres fra det mer kjente konseptuelle doménet til det mindre kjente, setter oss i stand til å overføre kunnskap om abstrakte begrep fra kildedoménet til måldoménet, og til å trekke slutninger om begrep i måldoménet. Med utgangspunkt i at metaforiske uttrykk har sitt opphav i konseptuelle metaforer (Lakoff & Turner: 1989), er det mulig å avdekke noe av det som skjer i hodet på oss når vi forstår eller produserer ytringer.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Oversettelse som språk- og kulturmøte. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Presentasjon av prosjektets målsetting: undersøke hvordan sosio-kulturell kunnskap håndteres av oversetteren i de tre antatte fasene av oversettelsesprosessen: (i) forståelsesfasen (ii) gjenformuleringsfasen (iii) kontrollfasen. Produkt-orienterte studier av oversettelse, der forekomstene for støy i oversettelsen knyttes til mangler i oversetterkompetansen, har vist at de viktigste støykildene skyldes brudd på det leksikalske plan. Mangelfull beherskelse av kulturbærende ord og uttrykk, kollokasjonsbrudd og terminologisk svikt hevdes å være de mest frekvente enkeltårsakene til meningsfordreining og meningstap i oversettelse. Et delmål med prosjektet vil være å belegge disse påstandene empirisk med utgangspunkt i prosessbaserte studier, primært gjennom en analyse av meningsbærende kulturspesifikke elementer, slik som synekdoker, metaforer og animismer.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Bruk av TAPs (think-aloud-protocols) og Translog innen empiriske studier av oversettelsesprosessen. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
En presentasjon i 4 punkter av prosjektet "Oversettelse som språk- og kulturmøte" under NFR-programmet Globalisering og internasjonalisering (2001-2004) 1.Redegjøre for målene med prosjektet: Foreslå forklaringsmodeller for hvordan vi forstår og produserer meningsfylte budskap. 2. Plassere prosjektet først i det språkvitenskapelige, dernest i det translatologiske landskap. 3. Plassere prosjektet i et globaliseringsperspektiv. 4. Redegjøre for den metodiske tilnærmingen: Bruk av prosessuelle data fra TAPs og Translog som underkastes en kognitiv analyse.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). What can TAPs and Translog-data tell us about how synecdoches are understood and reformulated in translation? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In this pilot study based on the TAPs and Translog-scripts of two professional translators, I put to test the hypothesis according to which the reformulation of synecdoches constantly gives rise to stylistic creations (Lederer 1994:59). The term of the synecdoque is here used about the explicit part of meaning in discourse. In order both to understand a synecdoche in the sender text and reformulate it idiomatically in the target language, inferences have to be made as regards the aspect used to designate the whole. It is believed that the mapping between the aspect and the whole is done within the same conceptual domain (Gibbs 1994:13).
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Les procédures de transfert en traduction. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
La présente étude a pour objectif de cerner de plus près les procédures de transfert du traducteur aux prises avec les combinaisons lexicales tant fermées qu'ouvertes de son texte. Elle s'inscrit dans un projet de recherche plus vaste sur l'activité traduisante, fondé sur deux sources de données in vivo qui sont analysées dans le but d'étudier la façon dont les sujets traduisants s'acquittent de leur tâche. Il s'agit des données (i) TAPs (Think-Aloud-Protocols), à savoir des données verbales de 6 sujets traduisants enregistrées sur vidéo et transcrites en procès-verbaux, (ii) Translog, à savoir des données informatisées des activités d'écriture de ces 6 sujets traduisants. Les deux catégories d'unités lexicales retenues dans le cadre de cette étude sont obtenues à partir d'une distinction bipartite fondée sur le seul critère de la restriction d'usage. Les combinaisons lexicales fermées comprennent les expressions consacrées, les mots composés, les idiotismes. Elles se caractérisent par leur dimension collocative, leur possibilité restreinte de commutation et d'expansion partielle, le fait qu'elles ont un sens figuré. Les occurrences ci-après en sont des exemples: veille au grain, se sont faits à la force du poignet, l'ascension sociale, code de bonne conduite. Les combinaisons lexicales ouvertes sont une association libre de mots, lesquels sont interchangeables, dépourvue de dimension collocative et dénuée de sens figuré. Les occurrences ci-après en sont des exemples: ouragan post soixante-huitard, recrudescence des incivilités, «BSAM» (bonjour-sourire-au-revoir-merci), éviter les gaffes.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Hvordan tenker oversetteren? Bulletin. ISSN 0803-0804. 37, p. 2–4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Presentasjon av NFR-prosjektet "Oversettelse som språk- og kulturmøte"s og dets 4 hovedmål : 1. Få innsikt i hvordan den profesjonelle oversetteren tenker. 2. Identifisere strategier for vellykkede oversettelser. 3. Foreslå kriterier for kvalitetssikring av oversettelser. 4. Identifisere ekspertise i oversettelse.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Prosjektet "Oversettelse som språk- og kulturmøte" i et globaliseringsperpektiv. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Det som er særegent for oversettelse, uansett språkkombinasjon, er forholdet mellom de konvergerende og divergerende kreftene i den transformative prosessen. Studiet av forholdet mellom disse motstridende kreftene er et helt klart interessant forskningsmål i et globaliseringsperspektiv, fordi (i) kognitive prosesser antas å være universelle, (ii) kvalitetssikring av oversettelser er et grenseoverskridende anliggende. Identifikasjonen av vellykkede strategier for oversettelse forventes å resultere i metodeutvikling.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). The universal features of synecdoches in translation. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
I suggest to look at the implications that the handling of the synecdochial device have on translation. Although the synecdochial device applies to all texts, and is not as such a distinctive feature of translation, I will argue that a translation¿s intelligibility relies heavily on an appropriate handling of the synecdochial device, and that it is as such a universal feature of translation.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Premisses for an analysis of the cognitive activity linked to translating conventionalized idiomatic expressions. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The objective is to put to an empirical test the postulate according to which idiomatic expressions, although being conventionalized, can, when used in discourse, also have a contextualized meaning which does not necessarily coincide with the conventionalized one, and which thus refer to innovative ideas. This hypothesis implies that translators make use of the same kind of linguistic and cognitive efforts as those needed to translate innovative synecdoches, i.e. the salient explicit aspect designating a whole made up by a free combination of words. Due to the lack of models susceptible of reflecting the mental efforts linked to solving a problem to the translational strategy adopted, a very simple binary classification of the translator's cognitive activity is proposed, namely: 1.The procedure of dynamic transfer which follows a momentary block due to a problem of comprehension and/or reformulation involving several backward and forward movements from the translator¿s part. 2. The procedure of automatic transfer which is meant to reflect the rapidity and the readiness with which the translator comes up with a solution. In order to determine which one of the above-mentioned two categories each of the expressions belong to, the following two behavioral parameters have been used: 1. The length and the frequency of the pauses as observed in the translator¿s Translog-files. 2. The nature of their pauses from non verbal indications as inferred from their TAPs as well as verbalisations from their TAPs.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Kan prosessuelle data si oss noe meningsfylt om strategier for vellykkede oversettelser? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Prosessuelle data (TAPs og Translog) fra 8 profesjonelle oversettere blir presentert og kommentert m.h.t. strategi på makronivå. Analysen av et eksempel på ulike løsninger på mikronivå avslører den underliggende kognitive virksomhet.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Har du et nisseaktig smil? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Hovedårsakene til at det oppstår feil i oversettelser er synliggjort med utgangspunkt i autentiske eksempler som: (i) "It is strictly forbidden that people of different sex, for instance men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married for that purpose." (ii) "Og husk på at den amerikanske dollaren strekker seg 1/3 lengre i Canada" og "does the sun miss you already?".
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2001). Oversettelse som språk- og kulturmøte TAPs (think-aloud-protocols) innen empiriske studier av oversettelsesprosessen. [Journal]. NFR-prosjekt : Globalisering og internasjonalisering. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Hoveddelen av kommunikasjonen som i dag foregår på tvers av språklige og kulturelle forskjeller, skjer via oversettelse. Når oversettelsen er god, merkes den ikke. Det er først når teksten inneholder stive, rare og unaturlige uttrykksmåter, selv om den er aldri så grammatisk korrekt, at vi oppdager vi har med en oversettelse å gjøre. Spørsmål som reiser seg, er hvorfor oversettelser som det ikke er noe å utsette på rent språklig, likevel ikke holder mål? Hvorfor blir budskapet som er uttrykt på mottakerspråket ikke alltid forstått i tråd med avsenders meddelsesintensjon? Oversettelse aktiverer språklig, kulturell og kognitiv kunnskap. Målet med prosjektet er å avdekke noen av de kognitive prosessene som utløses ved den problemløsende virksomhet som oversettelse er, gjennom analyser av data fra verbalisering av tanker knyttet til selve oversettelsesarbeidet, supplert med korpusbaserte analyser av originaltekster og deres oversettelser.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). TAPs - a blind alley in throwing light on the translation process? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In order to meet the need for empirical investigations within descriptive translation studies, a promising on-line method involving think-aloud-protocols (TAPs) has been used in recent years in an attempt to provide insight into the translation process. Inspired by the empirical investigations into translation undertaken by a number of researchers in different language pairs such as German and English (Lörscher 1991), Finnish and English (Tirkkonen-Condit 1991; Jääskelaïnen 1999), Swedish and French (Jonasson 1995, 1996, 1998), a pilot study on the basis of Norwegian TAPs collected in experimental settings in translation has been initiated. One of the objectives of the study is to determine whether the method of thinking aloud, borrowed from cognitive psychology in dealing with simple and well-defined problem-solving tasks, can provide access to some of the complex problem-solving and decision-making processes of comprehension and reformulation involved in translation.The pilot study shows that part of the mental states described in TAPs does allow us to form testable hypotheses on the translation process.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). The missing link in creative translation. Can TAPs mind the gap? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Translation activates linguistic, cultural and cognitive knowledge. Most of the descriptive studies of translation which have been carried out, have been centered round the product with a focus on structural differences and resemblances between the original text and the translation. This project will start in the other end - processing of cognitive knowledge - in an attempt to throw light on translation expertise. A combination of two on-line methods, TAPs and TRANSLOG, which respectively yield qualititative and quantitative data, will serve as a basis to interpret indicators of mental translation strategies taken by the translating subjects being investigated. These indicators will serve to test a certain number of unverified hypotheses on the mental translation process.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). L'Art de résumer. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Objectif de la conférence où théorie et pratique vont de pair: Permettre aux enseignants du francais, langue étrangère, d'inculquer à leurs apprentis les techniques liées au résumé de texte. L'accent est mis sur la lecture active, l'extraction des idées principales du texte, la cohérence et le maniement du langage.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). Inter-cultural cooperation on the translation of culture-specific utterances. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In order to promote the emerging area of empirical research on cognitive processes in translation, inter-cultural cooperation is sought for. The EXPERTISE network's main objective is to attempt at reconstructing important parts of the translation process by trying to understand what goes on in the head of the expert translator when s/he translates culture-specific utterances. As the translation process is not open to direct introspection, the description of the mental decisions taken by the subjects being investigated (professionals and translation trainees), is based on hypothetical reconstruction of sense. Different process-oriented aproaches to translation performance in different working languages will be devised in order to (1) test hypotheses and explanatory models of translation, (ii) understand the processes underlying both felicitous translations and unsuitable ones, (iii) identify features such as quality, creativity and expertise on the part of the translator.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). Hva skjer i hodet på en oversetter? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Presentasjon av prosjektet som tar sikte på å identifisere ekspertise i oversettelsesprosessen. For å få innsikt i de kognitive prosesser som aktiviseres ved oversettelse og som leder frem til translatet, er en prosess-orientert vinkling valgt. Prosjektet benytter en psykolingvistisk undersøkelsesmetode som bygger på verbal rapportering ved hjelp av høyttenkning under selve oversettelsesoppdraget. Denne kvalitative tilnærming som går under navnet Think-aloud-protocols, kobles opp mot en annen on-line tilnærming av kvantitativ art, Translog, et dataloggeprogram som registrerer all skriveaktivitet og mangel på sådan, altså pauser, overstrykninger, database- og Internettsøk, som foregår på oversetterens PC under oversettelsesoppdraget. Studier av oversetterens atferd står sentralt, med fokus på prosedyrer for oversettelse av meningsbærende kulturspesifikke elementer. Interpreteringen av de empiriske data vil gjøre det mulig å teste hypoteser og forklaringsmodeller om hvordan meningsfylte budskap forstås og produseres. Målet er å identifisere strategier for vellykkede oversettelser.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). Kan TAPs hjelpe oss til bedre å forstå hvordan vi tenker? [TV]. Universitetet i Oslo : Informasjonsavdelingen: Forskning på fjernsyn - Seminarinnlegg om forskningsformidling. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Hva skjer når vi prøver å kommunisere på tvers av språk- og kulturforskjeller? Bruk av TAPs (think-aloud-protocols) - en metode utviklet av psykologer og tilpasset studier av oversettelselsesprosessen - gir oss verbaliseringsdata som analyseres med tanke på å gi oss svar på den komplekse, problemløsende aktivitet som kommunikasjon er. Profesjonelle oversettere og oversetterstudenter får i oppdrag å oversette en tekst, samtidig som de bes om å tenke høyt under arbeidet med oversettelsen. De blir video-filmet og alt de sier og gjør, blir transkribert til såkalte "tenkte-høyt-protokoller", som så blir analysert. Hensikten er å kartlegge hvilke typer problemer de støter på i teksten, hvordan de foreslår å løse dem, hvordan de veier de forskjellige løsningene opp mot hverandre, før de til slutt bestemmer seg for en endelig løsning. Funnene er et godt utgangspunkt for å teste hypoteser om forståelse og formulering, to sentrale parametre innen kommunikasjon, som ikke tidligere er blitt belagt empirisk.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (2000). Årsak og virkning av feil i den profesjonelle oversettelse til B-språket. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Idéelt sett er den profesjonelle oversettelse naturligvis feilfri! Men i praksis resulterer den komplekse prosessen som oversettelse er, langt fra alltid i perfekte translater. Og når oversetteren ser seg nødt til å oversette til sitt B-språk, er faren for feil og mangler nærmest uunngåelig. Formålet med denne artikkelen er å synliggjøre de feil og mangler som begås av den profesjonelle oversetter, samt å antyde hvorfor de gjøres. Feilanalysemodellen som legges til grunn, bygger på prinsippet om hensiktsmessig språkbruk (Sperber & Wilson 1986) og Jean Delisles (1981) kompetansemodell. Sistnevnte inneholder fire tekstlingvistiske nivåer som innlemmer relevante situasjonsbetingede parametre og som gjenspeiler nivåene i oversetterens språklige og kognitive kompetanse.Den underliggende hypotese er at mestringen av disse fire nivåene borger for en kvalitativ god oversettelse, mens brudd på ett eller flere av dem fører til ulike former for støy i oversettelsen, som dermed reduserer translatets kvalitet.Corpus består av to autentiske tekster: en stevning til Haugesund byrett, og denne tekstens finaliserte oversettelse til fransk. Valg av data er motivert ut fra følgende hovedhensyn: (i) Funksjonskonstans mellom originaltekst og translat. (ii) Lik rettsgyldige status mellom originaltekst og translat. (iii) Oversettelsesoppdrag utført av en profesjonell, her statsautorisert translatør med over 10 års erfaring i oversettelse av funksjonelle tekster til fransk, vedkommendes B-språk.
Rydning, Antin Fougner (1999). Språklige og kulturelle særegenheter - umulige utfordringer for oversetteren? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Temaet er oversetterens problemløsende aktivitet med vekt på utfordringer relatert til tvetydighetsproblematikken i vid forstand. Etter å ha skilt mellom skinnproblemer og réelle problemer i oversettelse, viser jeg, med utgangspunkt i autentiske eksempler, hvordan dobbeltbunnede ord og uttrykk kan overføres til mottakerspråket.

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Published Sep. 23, 2010 12:00 PM - Last modified Oct. 29, 2019 2:33 PM