Anastasia Maravela

Books and edited volumes

• Bär, S. F. and Maravela, A. (eds.) Narrative, Narratology and Intertextuality: New Perspectives on Greek Epic from Homer to Nonnus [=Symbolae Osloenses 93 (2019)].
• Eyjólfur K. Emilsson, Anastasia Maravela and Mathilde Skoie (eds.), PARADEIGMATA: Studies in Honour of Øivind Andersen, Papers and Monographs from the Norwegian Institute at Athens Series 4, Volume 2, Athens: The Norwegian Institute at Athens, 2014.
• Maravela, A. Narrative and Time. The Poetics of Time in Early Greek Epic and Lyric Poetry, PhD thesis, Univ. of Oslo: Unipub 2006.

Articles and book-chapters

• Maravela, A. "An Allusion to Archilochus Fr. 114 W in Lucian Dial. mort.19 (9) and a Possible Intermediary" Hermes. Zeitschrift für Klassische Philologie. In press.
• Maravela, A. "Papyrus Finds and Places of Co-existence Between Greek and Egyptian Medicine", in Ambra Serangeli (ed.) Spaces and Places of Ancient Medicine, W. de Gruyter. In press.
• Maravela, A. "Cardinal Orientation and Internal Design in Isidorus' Hymnic Dedication", in Ian S. Moyer, Christopher A. Faraone, and Sofía Torallas Tovar (eds.) The Hymns of Isidorus: Religion, Epigraphy, and Greek Poetry at an Egyptian Temple. Oxford University Press. In press.
• Maravela, A. "Commentary [on select lines]", in Ian S. Moyer, Christopher A. Faraone, and Sofía Torallas Tovar (eds.) The Hymns of Isidorus: Religion, Epigraphy, and Greek Poetry at an Egyptian Temple. Oxford University Press. In press.
• Maravela, A. "P.Oslo III 166: An Account on Alexander the Great in a Generic Quandary", in N. Kanavou and A. Papathomas (eds.) Ancient Narrative Fiction: New Light from the Papyri, pp. 67-80. Philippika - Altertumswissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden. In press.
• Skoie, M. and A. Maravela, "In and Out of Epic: Polyphemos’ Transgeneric Travels", in S. Bär (ed.), Transtextual Characters in Ancient Greek and Roman Epic: Conceptualization and Case Studies, pp. 383-414. Trends in Classics. W. de Gruyter. In press.
• Sidro, G. and A. Maravela, "P.Lond. II 191 revisited and its place in the archive of Iulius Agrippinus", in R. Berardi, S. Coen, G. Iovine, E. E. Prodi (eds.), Papyrological Journeys. Studies in Greek Literature and Papyri. Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 436, pp. 353-372. W. de Gruyter, 2026.
• Grimaldi, D., Aurora, F. and A. Maravela, "100 år med Oslo-papyrer: en oppdatering fra Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslos papyrus-samling" Ostrakon. Norsk egyptologisk selskaps bulletin 13 (2025) 40-43.
• Mambrioni, C. and A. Maravela, "New Information on Two Elite Families of Tebtunis and Ptolemais Euergetis in the Second Century CE" Archiv für Papyrusforschung und Verwandte Gebiete 71.2 (2025) 380-403.
• Maravela, A. and W. Graham Claytor, "Contributions to the prosopography of Theadelpheia in the second century CE" Tyche: Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte Papyrologie und Epigraphik 37 (2022 [published in 2024]) 137-142.
• Grimaldi, D. and A. Maravela, "Hvad jorden gjemmer, vet ingen. Drømmen om en norsk utgravning i Egypt anno 1938" Klassisk Forum 39, 1-2 (2024) 7-24.
• Maravela, A. "A Gem to Counter the Empousa" in M. Chidiroglou, M. Spathi and J. Wallensten (eds.) Apotropaia and Phylakteria. Confronting Evil in Ancient Greece. Proceedings of a conference held at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 23-25 June 2021, Oxford: Archaeopress, 2024, 242-249.
• Maravela, A. "[Chapter 2] Greek meets Egyptian at the temple gate. Bilingual papyri from Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (3^rd century BCE - 4^th century CE)" in Pavlenko, A. (ed.) Multilingualism and History. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2023, 50-70.
• Maravela, A. "Ισίδωρος, Τρεις ύμνοι και ένα επίγραμμα για την Ίσιδα Ερμούθι και σύνναους," Ελληνιστική Γραμματεία. Επιλογές πεζογραφίας και ποίησης. Εισαγωγή – Κείμενο – Μετάφραση – Σχόλια, επιμ. Αμφιλόχιος Παπαθωμάς, Αθήνα: Scriptio Continua, 2023, σελ. 658-677.
• Maravela, A. "Begjær uten kjønnsdiskriminering" Klassekampen/ Kringla Heimsins 31. juli 2023.
• Maravela, A. "The Mouth of the Whale and Homeric Gates. A Note on Literary Influences in Lucian's Verae Historiae I 30" Symbolae Osloenses 96 (2022) 130-144.
• Asztalos, M. and A. Maravela "Editorial Note" Symbolae Osloenses, Centennial Issue 1922-2022 (2022) 1-3.
• Maravela, A. and S. Torallas Tovar, "Impossible Anatomies: Shenoute's Curse and the Death of Gessios" in A. Boud'hors, D. Brakke, A. Crislip and S. Moawad (eds), The Rediscovery of Shenoute. Studies in Honor of Stephen Emmel, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 310, Leuven - Paris - Bristol, CT: Peeters, 2022, 367-391.'
• Maravela, A. "GEMF 8 (PGM LXXII + PGM LVII)" in C. A. Faraone and Sofía Torallas Tovar (eds.) Greek and Egyptian Magical Formularies: Text and Translation, Volume I. California Classical Studies 9. Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Berkeley, 2022, 33-41.
• Maravela, A. and G. Sidro, "Dare facere oportet - δοῦναι ποιῆσαι δεῖ: Translating Legal Latin into Greek" in Han Lamers and Silvio Bär (eds.), Studia in Honorem Vibeke Roggen, Oslo: Hermes Academic Publishing, 2022, 69-83.
• Maravela, A. and M. Skoie, "Papyrus i rampelyset: På sporet av det tapte satyrspill" Klassisk Forum 1.2021, 136-147.
• Maravela, A. and J. Mangerud, "The Letters of Herennia to Pompeius Niger" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 215 (2020) 211–222.
• Maravela, A. “Scriptural Literacy Only? Rhetoric in Early Christian Papyrus Letters.” In Nodar A., Torallas Tovar S. (eds). Proceedings of the 28th Congress of Papyrology; 2016 August 1-6; Barcelona. Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019, 162-177.
• Bär, S.F. and A. Maravela, "Narrative, Narratology and Intertextuality: New Perspectives on Greek Epic from Homer to Nonnus - Introduction" Symbolae Osloenses 93 (2019) 1-11.
• Maravela, A. "The Judgemental Narrator: Narratorial Νηπιος-Comments from Homer to Nonnus", Symbolae Osloenses 93 (2019) 58-105.
• Maravela, A. "Christian Literature on Parchment Stripes" in Exhibition Catalogue PAPYRUS NETWORKS. Montserrat and 20th cent. collectors. Exhibit on occasion of the IX Jornadas de papirología Abadía de Montserrat, July 8-10th 2019, Montserrat, 2019, 22-25.
• Maravela, A. and J. Mangerud, "A point of contact between the archives of Pompeius Niger and of Tryphon the weaver?" Archiv für Papyrusforschung 65.2 (2019) 317-332.
• Maravela A. and J. V. Stolk, "Bringing together the family for a daughter's wedding. P.Yale 1.78 reconsidered" Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 55 (2018) 275-280.
• Maravela, A. “Medical micro-language in the Greek papyri” In Reggiani, Nicola and Francesca Bertonazzi (eds.) Parlare la medicina: fra lingue e culture, nello spazio e nel tempo. Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Università di Parma, 5-7 Settembre 2016. Milano: Le Monnier Università/ Mondadori Education, 2018, 12-29.
• Maravela, A. “Homer and Menandri Sententiae in Upper Egyptian Monastic Settings” in Lillian I. Larsen and Samuel Rubenson (eds.) Monastic Education in Late Antiquity: The Transformation of Classical Paideia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018,125-149.
• Maravela A., Mihálykó Á. T.  and G. Ø. Wehus, “A Coptic Liturgical Prayer for the Consecration of the Chalice” Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 63.1 (2017) 204-230.
• Maravela, A. "ΨΥΓΜΟΣ/ ΨΥΧΜΟΣ" in Medicalia Online, ed. DIGMEDTEXT Project/ Isabella Andorlini (2016).
• Maravela, A. “Some remarks on O.Frangé 751” Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 53 (2016) 275-282.
• Hickey T., Maravela, A. and M. Zellmann-Rohrer, “Historical and Textual Notes on Magical Texts in the Papyrus Collection of the Oslo University Library” Symbolae Osloenses 89 (2015) 156-172.
• Maravela, A. “Demeter ‘Nods’ to Aphrodite? Narrative Interactions between the ‘Homeric’ Hymn to Aphrodite and the Hymn to Demeter” in Πολυφόρβῃ Γαίῃ. Mélanges de littérature et linguistique offerts à Françoise Létoublon. Textes réunis par Francesca Dell’Oro et Odile Lagacherie (GAIA 18), Grenoble, ELLUG, 2015, 157-172.
• Maravela, A. “Alphabetic verses and cipher alphabets from Western Theban monasteries: Perspectives on monastic literacy in late antique Egypt” in E. Juhász (ed.) Byzanz und das Abendland III, Budapest, 2015, 67-83.
• Maravela, A. “Christians Praying in a Graeco-Egyptian Context: Intimations of Christian Identity in Greek Papyrus Prayers” in Reidar Hvalvik and Karl Olav Sandnes (eds.) Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation, [Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 336] Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014, 291-323.
• Maravela, A. "Women in P. Würzb. 3?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 191 (2014) 90-92.
• Maravela, A. “Tongue-tied Aphrodite: the paradeigmata in the Hymn to Aphrodite” in Eyjólfur K. Emilsson, Anastasia Maravela and Mathilde Skoie (eds.) PARADEIGMATA: Studies in Honour of Øivind Andersen, Papers and Monographs from the Norwegian Institute at Athens Series 4, Volume 2, Athens: The Norwegian Institute at Athens, 2014, 15-27.
• Maravela, A., Ammirati S. and M. Fressura, “Marginal annotations on a legal codex” in Reiter, F. (ed.) Literarische Texte der Berliner Papyrussammlung. Zur Wiedereröffnung des Neuen Museums (Berliner Klassiker Texte X) Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2012, 127-134.
• Maravela, A. and Wehus, G. Ø. "In the workshop of a preacher-scholar? Christian jottings on an Oslo parchment" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 182 (2012) 87-97.
• Maravela, A. and Wehus, G. Ø. “Senantikk Magi. Tekster fra Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslos Papyrussamling” Arr. Idéhistorisk tidsskrift 2011 (3), 27-37.
• Maravela, A. and Wehus, G. Ø. “Noen magiske tekster fra Papyri Osloenses” Arr. Idéhistorisk tidsskrift 2011 (3), 39-43.
• Maravela, A. “The athlete’s 'happiness': a study of eudaimonia in archaic Greek epinician poetry” Symbolae Osloenses 85 (2011) 33-51.
• Maravela, A. “A fragment from a medical prescription?” in Andorlini, I. (ed.) Greek Medical Papyri II, Florence: Istituto Papirologico “G. Vitelli” 2009, 105-109.
• Maravela, A. “Two prescriptions for ophthalmic remedies on a papyrus from the collection of the Oslo University Library” in Andorlini, I. (ed.) Greek Medical Papyri II, Florence: Istituto Papirologico “G. Vitelli” 2009, 111-122.
• Leith, D. and Maravela, A. “Notes on PSI III 252” in Andorlini, I. (ed.) ​Greek Meical Papyri II, Florence: Istituto Papirologico “G. Vitelli” 2009, 201-209.
• Maravela, A. “Byzantine Inventory Lists of Food Provisions and Utensils on an Ashmolean Papyrus” Zeitschift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 170 (2009) 127-146.
• Maravela, A. “Vina fictitia from Latin into Greek: The evidence of the papyri” in Evans, T. V. and D. D. Obbink (eds.) The Language of the Papyri, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009, 253-266.
• Maravela, A. “Monastic book production in Christian Egypt” in Froschauer, H. and C. E. Römer (eds.) Spätantike Bibliotheken. Leben und Lesen in den frühen Klöstern Ägyptens, [Nilus 14] Wien: Phoibos Verlag 2008, 25-38.
• Maravela, A. "Euripides’ Medea 723-30 revisited” Classical Quarterly 58, 2 (2008) 452-60.
• Maravela, A. and Leith, D. “A medical catechism on tumours from the collection of the Oslo University Library” in Frösén, J., T. Purola and E.  Salmenkivi (eds.) Proceedings of the 24^th Congress of Papyrology, Helsinki, 1–7 August, 2004 [Comm. Hum. Litt. 122: 1–2], Helsinki 2007, 637-650.
• Maravela, A. “P.Oslo 10 + P. Harr. 45 (M-P³ 285, LDAB 0613): Demosthenes De Corona §§ 201-205: A re-edition” Archiv für Papyrusforschung 52, 1 (2006) 6-13.
• Maravela, A. “Literary fragments from the collection of the Oslo University Library I: Herodotus IX. 74-75” Symbolae Osloenses 79 (2004) 102-108.
• Maravela, A. “Literary fragments from the collection of the Oslo University Library II: Homer Iliad 1. 411-37 & 473-80” Symbolae Osloenses 79 (2004) 109-116.
• Maravela, A. “Two fragments about donkeys from the collection of the Oslo University Library” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 149 (2004) 177-185.
• Maravela, A. “Reading the handwriting: the letter of an apprentice scribe” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 149 (2004) 186-188.
• Torallas Tovar, S. and Maravela, A. “Between Ventriloquists and Necromancers: the ἐγγαστρίμυθοι in the Septuaginta” Sefarad 61, 2 (2001) 419-438.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2027). An Allusion to Archilochus Fr. 114 W in Lucian Dial. mort. 19 (9) and a Possible Intermediary. Hermes: Zeitschrift für Klassische Philologie. ISSN 0018-0777. Full text in Research Archive
• Skoie, Mathilde & Maravela, Anastasia (2026). In and Out of Epic: Polyphemos’ Transgeneric Travels. In Bär, Silvio Friedrich (Eds.), Transtextual Characters in Ancient Greek and Roman Epic: Conceptualization and Case Studies. De Gruyter Brill. p. 383–414. Full text in Research Archive
• Giuliano, Sidro, & Maravela, Anastasia (2026). P.Lond. II 191 revisited and its place in the archive of Iulius Agrippinus. In Roberta, Berardi,; Samuele, Cohen,; Giulio, Iovine, & E., Prodi, Enrico (Ed.), Papyrological Journeys. Studies in Greek Literature and Papyri. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783112236086. p. 353–372. Full text in Research Archive
• Mambrioni, Cecilia & Maravela, Anastasia (2026). New Information on Two Elite Families of Tebtunis and Ptolemais Euergetis. Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete. ISSN 0066-6459. 71(2), p. 380–403. doi: 10.1515/apf-2025-0022. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article presents new information about familial and social connections, gleaned from a partially preserved Greek-style testament in the papyrus collection of the University of Oslo Library. The will (P.Oslo inv. 1037+1178) was drawn up at Ptolemais Euergetis, probably in the late second century CE. In light of the new information, we review the known evidence concerning two Arsinoite elite families with ties to Tebtunis, i.e. the family of Sabeinos alias Ninnos and the family of the notary Achilleus, grandson of Lurius, in an attempt to connect hitherto unconnected pieces of evidence, expand the family trees, elucidate the relations between family members and better understand their activities and social network.

• Grimaldi, David & Maravela, Anastasia (2024). «Hvad jorden gjemmer, vet ingen.» Drømmen om en norsk utgravning i Egypt anno 1938. Klassisk Forum. ISSN 0801-3179. 39(1-2), p. 7–24. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2024). A Gem to Counter the Empousa. In Spathi, Maria; Chidiroglou, Maria & Wallensten, Jenny (Ed.), Apotropaia and Phylakteria. Confronting Evil in Ancient Greece. Archaeopress. ISSN 9781803277493. p. 242–249. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Claytor, W. Graham (2024). Contributions to the prosopography of Theadelpheia in the second century CE. TYCHE – Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik. ISSN 1010-9161. 37, p. 137–142. doi: 10.25365/tyche-2022-37-11. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  New readings in P.Col. II 1r, P.Oslo II 36, and SB IV 7466 that contribute to the prosopography of Theadelpheia in the second century CE.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2023). Ισίδωρος, Τρεις ύμνοι και ένα επίγραμμα για την Ίσιδα Ερμούθι και σύνναους. In Papathomas, Amphilochios (Eds.), Ελληνιστική Γραμματεία. Επιλογές πεζογραφίας και ποίησης. Εισαγωγή, κείμενο, μετάφραση, σχόλια.. Scriptio Continua. ISSN 9786188560376. p. 658–667. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2023). Greek Meets Egyptian at the Temple Gate: Bilingual Papyri from Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (Third Century BCE–Fourth Century CE). In Pavlenko, Aneta (Eds.), Multilingualism and History. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9781009236256. p. 50–70. doi: 10.1017/9781009236287.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The chapter focuses on the interactions between the two major linguistic players in Egypt during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, Egyptian and Greek. Egyptian was the majority language, while in the aftermath of the country’s conquest by Alexander of Macedon, Greek was imposed as administrative language and held sway in elite and urban circles until the Arab conquest. The study reviews the source materials – chiefly bilingual papyri and archives – that reveal the zones of interaction between the two languages. It also attempts to sketch the changing relationship between Egyptian and Greek across time through a series of case studies. Special attention is paid to bilingualism in religion-related settings – temples, temple-run scriptoria, funerary industry – and to bilingual professionals linked to temples, ranging from priests and scribes to embalmers and dream interpreters. I will also show that during the first three centuries of the Roman rule text production in the magico-religious domain became the hub for graphic experimentation that led to the development of the Coptic script, an alphabetic script for Egyptian based on Greek.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2022). The Mouth of the Whale and Homeric Gates: A note on Literary influences in Lucian’s Verae Historiae I 30. Symbolae Osloenses - Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. ISSN 0039-7679. 96(1), p. 130–144. doi: 10.1080/00397679.2022.2147323. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2022). GEMF 8 (PGM LXXII + PGM LVII). In Faraone, C. A. & Tovar, Sofia Torallas (Ed.), Greek and Egyptian Magical Formularies: Text and Translation Volume I. California Classical Studies. ISSN 9781939926166. p. 33–41. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Sidro, Giuliano (2022). Dare facere oportet - ΔΟΥΝΑΙ ΠΟΙΗΣΑΙ ΔΕΙ: Translating Legal Latin into Greek. In Lamers, Han & Bär, Silvio Friedrich (Ed.), Studia in honorem Vibeke Roggen. Hermes Academic Publishing and Bookshop A/S. ISSN 9788280342126. p. 69–83. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This book pays homage to Vibeke Roggen, Associate Professor of Latin at the University of Oslo, who has been a driving force and guiding spirit of classical culture in Norway. On the occasion of her retirement in 2022, national and international colleagues as well as former students joined forces to acknowledge her commitment to Classics by contributing to this Festschrift. It is dedicated to Vibeke Roggen in gratitude and admiration for the inexhaustible energy, enthusiasm and generosity with which she has promoted the study of Latin and classical culture over the last few decades. Divided in four main thematic sections ("Verba et voces", "Studia Neolatina", "Miscellanea litteraria et historica", and "Paedogogica"), the book contains contributions in Norwegian, Danish, English, German, Latin, and Spanish. Contributors include Tor Egil Førland, Mari Brenna Volland, Siri Sande, Silvio Bär, Anastasia Maravela, Giuliano Sidro, Monika Asztalos, Boris Maslov, Milena Minkova, Han Lamers, Egil Kraggerud, Pieta van Beek, Andreas Fritsch, William M. Barton, Minna Skafte Jensen, Sigrid Albert, Synnøve des Bouvrie, Marek Thue Kretschmar, Paola Marongiu, Christian Laes, Dirk Sacré, Eirik Welo, Tuomo Pekkanen, Giancarlo Rossi, Sofia Heim, Pål Rykkja Gilbert, J. Rasmus Brandt, Tor Ivar Østmoe, Victoria Mostue, Halfdan Baadsvik, Mathilde Skoie, Hilde Sejersted, Tilman Hartenstein, Toon Van Hal, Jan Papy, Federico Aurora, Iris Brecke, and Thea S. Thorsen.

• Maravela, Anastasia & Tovar, Sofia Torallas (2022). Impossible Anatomies: Shenoute’s Curse and the Death of Gessios. In Boud'hors, Anne; Brakke, David; Crislip, Andrew & Moawad, Samuel (Ed.), The Rediscovery of Shenoute: Studies in Honor of Stephen Emmel. Peeters Publishers. ISSN 9789042948303. p. 367–391. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Among Shenoute’s anti-pagan activities described in sections 81–88 of Besa’s so-called Life of Shenoute, we find a fascinating scene of the torments of the Beyond, formulated as a curse and at the same time as a prophetic vision. The torment described in this episode is moreover interesting in that it describes an eternal punishment for the sinner in Hell, in which his body has been forced into a quite uncomfortable anatomical position. In this paper, we will analyze the episode against the background of the hagiographic and biblical topoi for the punishment in Hell, the identity of the person cursed, and Egyptian and magical ideas of the cursed human body in Hell.

• Skoie, Mathilde & Maravela, Anastasia (2021). Papyrus i rampelyset: På sporet av det tapte satyrspill. Klassisk Forum. ISSN 0801-3179. p. 136–148. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Mangerud, Jens (2020). The letters of Herennia to Pompeius Niger. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. ISSN 0084-5388. 215, p. 211–222. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2019). The Judgemental Narrator: Narratorial Nepios-Comments from Homer to Nonnus. Symbolae Osloenses - Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. ISSN 0039-7679. 93, p. 58–105. doi: 10.1080/00397679.2019.1641344. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This is a study of the literary modes and transformations of the narratorial νήπιος-comment in Greek epic from Homer to Nonnus. It explores the narrative settings, the typology, and the literary effects of this narrative device which both reveals the seams of the narrative levels and directs attention to the fragility of the human characters whose fate or ignorance of the actual situation is revealed by means of a narratorial νήπιος-intervention. The focus of the analysis is on the literary interplay and allusive engagement of later with earlier instances of the device as regards the replication or modification of the narrative setting, the constituent elements of the comment and its narrative function.

• Bär, Silvio Friedrich & Maravela, Anastasia (2019). Narrative, Narratology and Intertextuality: New Perspectives on Greek Epic from Homer to Nonnus. Symbolae Osloenses - Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. ISSN 0039-7679. 93, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/00397679.2019.1665251. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2019). Scriptural Literacy Only? Rhetoric in Early Christian Papyrus Letters. In Nodar, Alberto & Tovar, Sofia Torallas (Ed.), Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Papyrology, Barcelona 2016, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona 2019). Publicacions deL’Abadia de Montserrat – Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ISSN 9788491910794. p. 162–177. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The stylistic and rhetorical aspects of private letters transmitted on papyri from Egypt have been the subject of a fair number of scholarly studies from Koskenniemi’s seminal monograph of 1956 to recent studies which explore either the rhetorical organisation of private letters in general or the style and rhetoric of certain, particularly interesting specimens.1 It is hardly surprising that ancient letter-writers, especially when their letters conveyed important or sensitive requests, wielded rhetorical tools to enhance the efficiency of their appeal and thus the probability of success. Christian letter-writers are no exception in this regard. One of the principal rhetorical means in their correspondence is ‘embedded Scriptural discourse’, i.e. quotations, introduced as such or not, of identifiable passages from the Old and New Testament and formulations which echo Biblical passages.2 Biblical citations, quotations and echoes form part of matrices of narrative and argumentation in the everyday correspondence between Egyptian Christians, just as they do when they are embedded in epistles with literary ambition. This article falls into two parts. The first part presents the preliminary edition of a new Christian letter on papyrus, and analyses its rhetorical features including the use of embedded Scriptural discourse. The second part attempts to shed some more light on the much discussed topic of Scriptural citations in early Christian papyrus letters and argues that in some early letters which incorporate Scriptural citations or quotations the form of which diverges from the transmitted text, the embedded Scriptural discourse has been adapted with an eye to the situation faced or discussed by the letter-writer and is reshaped in a creative manner to better serve the letter-writer’s purpose.

• Maravela, Anastasia & Mangerud, Jens (2019). A point of contact between the archives of Pompeius Niger and of Tryphon the weaver? Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete. ISSN 0066-6459. 65(2), p. 317–332. doi: 10.1515/apf-2019-0015. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article argues that the name of the aggresive female character mentioned by the sender of the private letter SB VI 9121 is Seraeus, and proposes further that through her this letter connects the family of the veteran of the Roman army L. Pompeius Niger, to whose archive it belongs, with the family of Tryphon the weaver.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). Homer and Menandri Sententiae in Upper Egyptian Monastic Settings. In Rubenson, Samuel & Larsen, Lillian (Ed.), Monastic Education in Late Antiquity. The Transformation of Classical Paideia. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9781107194953. p. 125–149. doi: 10.1017/9781108163842.007. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The interrelated aims of this paper are twofold: first, to explore the position and role of Classical Greek paideia within Egyptian monasticism as illuminated by textual finds from the monasteries in the region of Western Thebes; and secondly, in the light of these, to reflect on the relationship between monastery and school in a specifically Egyptian (or even Upper Egyptian) setting in Late Antiquity. © 2018 Cambridge University Press

• Maravela, Anastasia & Stolk, Joanne Vera (2018). BRINGING TOGETHER THE FAMILY FOR A DAUGHTER’S WEDDING: P.YALE 1.78 RECONSIDERED. Bulletin of The American Society of Papyrologists. ISSN 0003-1186. 55, p. 275–280. doi: 10.2143/BASP.55.0.3285022. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this article we suggest a new interpretation of the private letter first published as P.Yale 1.78. Improved readings of ll. 1-2 and 6-9 and the address on the verso provide a more coherent grammatical structure and allow a better understanding of the events described in this letter.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). Medical micro-language in the Greek papyri. In Reggiani, Nicola & Bertonazzi, Francesca (Ed.), Parlare la medicina: fra lingue e culture, nello spazio e nel tempo. Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Università di Parma, 5-7 Settembre 2016. Le monnier universita. ISSN 9788800748476. p. 12–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia; Wehus, Glenn Øystein & Tothne, Agnes Mihálykó (2017). A Coptic Liturgical Prayer for the Consecration of the Chalice. Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete. ISSN 0066-6459. 63(1), p. 204–230. doi: 10.1515/apf-2017-0013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Edition with philological, theological and liturgical commentary of a Coptic prayer preserved on a papyrus from the seventh or eighth century in the collection of the University of Oslo Library. The prayer, which accompanied the consecration of the wine in the chalice in the presence of already consecrated bread, has a coda in Greek signalling the ensuing oral recitation of the Lord’s Prayer.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Some Remarks on O.Frangé 751. Bulletin of The American Society of Papyrologists. ISSN 0003-1186. 53, p. 275–282. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). Demeter “Nods” to Aphrodite? Narrative Interactions between the “Homeric” Hymn to Aphrodite and the Hymn to Demeter. Epea pteroenta. ISSN 1262-3717. 18, p. 157–172. doi: 10.3406/gaia.2015.1650. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The relationship between the Hymn to Aphrodite (Aphr) and the Hymn to Demeter (Dem) has attracted scholarly attention at least since the late 19th century. 1 An extensive list of verbal parallels has provided the basis for assessing the connection. Discussions have concentrated overwhelmingly on the question of whether and how the shared linguistic items shed light on relative chronology, somewhat overshadowing the issue of the literary relation. Currently the view that the poet of Dem "knew" Aphr is accepted widely, albeit with varying degrees of certainty. This paper attempts to broach the topic from a narrative and thematic vantage point. As both poems are products of a tradition, the poetological building blocks of which include formulaic language and narrative, it seems appropriate to pay attention also to narrative when the density of linguistic parallels signals a relation of some sort. The two hymns indeed share a fair amount of narrative elements: Zeus as instigator and secret controller of the action; female divinity appearing in disguise; abduction stories; epiphanies; misdirection as to the possibility of overcoming mortality; compensation for non-obtained immortality, and prohibition against disclosing a secret. Admittedly the main motif-provider for Dem is not Aphr but the Eleusinian tradition, in the form of either oral narratives or poetry on the rape and recovery of Persephone. A compelling case has been made recently that Dem interacts intensively with the hexametric poem partly paraphrased and partly cited in papyrus BKT 44. The interaction encompasses narrative structures and motifs, as well as specific wording. Against the background of this important development it may be worthwhile to revisit the thematic, narrative relation of Dem with Aphr, a poem that linguistic parallels point out as a possible influence. If nothing else, comparison of motifs may yield insights into the narrative poetics of Dem and explanations as to the background of some linguistic parallels.

• Hickey, Todd; Maravela, Anastasia & Zellmann-Rohrer, Michael (2015). Historical and Textual Notes on Magical Texts in the Papyrus Collection of the University of Oslo Library. Symbolae Osloenses - Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. ISSN 0039-7679. 89(1), p. 156–182. doi: 10.1080/00397679.2015.1111576. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). Alphabetic Verses and Cipher Alphabets from Western Theban Monasteries: Perspectives on Monastic Literacy in Late Antique Egypt. In Juhász, Erika (Eds.), Byzanz und das Abendland III. Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia. Eötvös-József-Collegium. ISSN 9786155371448. p. 67–83. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper reviews artefacts from monastic dwellings in Western Thebes, Upper Egypt, that transmit forms and variations of the alphabet, in an attempt to contribute to an ongoing scholarly discussion about the forms, aims and target audience of the educational activities in monastic communities of the area between the sixth and the eighth century. At that time the pharaonic necropolis became the hub of an intensive Christian monastic culture that made an indelible contribution to later perceptions of Egyptian monasticism, which the “Thebaid” became the imaginary landscape of. In the arid and, one might be tempted to say, “godless” landscape of the real Thebaid the Christian monks and hermits occupied the mortuary temples and the tombs of the royals and other eminencies of the pharaonic period, and redeveloped them into clusters of cells or individual hermits’ habitations. The nearest residential centre was the town of (D)jeme/Medinet Habu that developed on top of and around the mortuary temple of Ramesses III. Important monastic complexes in the area were: - Farthest to the north, on the hill Dra’ Abu el-Naga, the Deir el-Bachit (now finally identified with the topos of apa Paulos), the most extensive and populous of the monastic clusters in the area. - The monastery of St. Phoibammon/ Deir el-Bahari, which developed within the mortuary temple of the queen Hatshepsut. - This monastery probably traces its origins to a monastic settlement located at a spot that is accessible with difficulty up on the hills between Djeme and Ermant (Hermonthis), known as “le petit St. Phoibammon” (the lesser St. Phoibammon). - Several hermitages and clusters of hermitages on and around the hill of Sheikh Abd’ el-Gurneh. For a long time the best documented one was the Monastery of Epiphanius (TT103 tomb of vizier Daga, XI dynasty). Recently some of the neighbouring hermitages, e.g. the monastery of Cyriacus (TT65) and the hermitage occupied by Frange (TT29), were excavated, and are being studied in greater detail. The textual finds, mostly Christian literature of various genres and documentary texts in abundance, suggest that the dominant language was Egyptian (its written form at that time being Coptic), while Greek had a more modest and gradually waning presence and was probably read only by the more educated ascetics.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). Women in P. Würzb. 3? Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. ISSN 0084-5388. 191, p. 90–92. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  P.Würzb. 32 transmits two intercessory prayers, each consisting of a string of requests and topics prayed for. The question of who is prayed for at r.14–17 of the papyrus has generated scholarly controversy. In a contribution in the Festschrift for Ramon Roca-Puig the liturgist Klaus Gamber advanced the view that this prayer concerns females consecrated to God, virgins or widows.3 This view was met with the criticism of Pieter Sijpesteijn and Kurt Treu4 who rightly pointed out that this interpretation of the passage did not square with Wilcken’s text of ll. r.14–15 followed by Gamber: κατάρτιϲον δὲ ϲεαυτῷ καὶ τὰϲ ψυχὰϲ τῶν ἐ [ν] ἁ |[γν]ί⟨ᾳ⟩ καὶ παρθενίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ ϲου, θ(ε)έ, ἰδίᾳ μενούϲ[α]ϲ.5 As the text stands, τὰϲ ψυχὰϲ must be taken as the subject of the participle. “No mention whatsoever of women is made in the Würzburg papyrus”, asserted Sijpesteijn and Treu. [...]

• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). Tongue-tied Aphrodite. The paradeigmata in the Hymn to Aphrodite. In Emilsson, Eyjólfur Kjalar; Maravela, Anastasia & Skoie, Mathilde (Ed.), PARADEIGMATA. Studies in Honour of Øivind Andersen. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. ISSN 9789608514546. p. 15–27. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The presence of mythological examples in Aphrodite’s speech to Anchises is one of the traits which impart to the (fifth Homeric) Hymn to Aphrodite its distinctive character as the ‘most Homeric’ of the early hexametric hymns. Without assuming or claiming a direct link between the Hymn to Aphrodite and Homer, this paper simply sets out to explore the interpretative perspectives that may be gained if Aphrodite’s mythological examples are considered in the light of the scholarly discussion on Homeric paradeigmata.

• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). Christians Praying in a Graeco-Egyptian Context: Intimations of Christian Identity in Greek Papyrus Prayers. In Hvalvik, Reidar & Sandnes, Karl Olav (Ed.), Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation. Mohr Siebeck. ISSN 9783161535208. p. 291–323. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Wehus, Glenn Øystein (2012). In the workshop of a preacher-scholar? Christian jottings on an Oslo parchment. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. ISSN 0084-5388. 182, p. 87–97. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A rectangular parchment strip which bears writing in brown ink by the same hand on both sides. The quality of the writing surface is low. It is so thin that the ink has at places penetrated through to the other side affecting legibility primarily on the fl esh side. A crescent-shaped hole at the edge of one of the long sides is due to original construction defi ciency; the affected area has been avoided by the scribe who otherwise seems to have been at pains to exploit the entire available surface leaving virtually no margins and a minimum of blank spaces. Physical damage is otherwise restricted to a few small holes. [...]

• Maravela, Anastasia; Ammirati, Serena & Fressura, Marco (2012). Marginal Annotations on a Legal Codex. In Reiter, Fabian (Eds.), Literarische Texte der Berliner PapyrussammlungZur Wiedereröffnung des Neuen Museums. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783110228830. p. 127–134. doi: 10.1515/9783110228830.126. Full text in Research Archive

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• Emilsson, Eyjólfur Kjalar; Maravela, Anastasia & Skoie, Mathilde (2014). PARADEIGMATA. Studies in Honour of Øivind Andersen. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. ISBN 9789608514546. 308 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Grimaldi, David; Aurora, Federico & Maravela, Anastasia (2025). 100 år med Oslo-papyrer: en oppdatering fra Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslos papyrus-samling. Ostrakon. ISSN 1893-5303. 13, p. 40–43. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Jonsson, Mar (2023). En ukjent oversettelse av ps.-Longinos på Nasjonalbiblioteket. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2023). Rearranging the hymns of Isidorus. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2023). Lucian of Samosata and Athens. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2023). GEMF 68/PGM XXXVI: its scribe, sections, and contacts. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2023). Begjær uten kjønnsdiskriminering. Erotiske trylleformler på potteskår avdekker mye om kjærlighetslivet og seksuallivet i antikken. p. 10–11. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Kjørstad, Elise (2022). Del av tapt gresk stjernekatalog funnet gjemt under kristen tekst fra middelalderen. Full text in Research Archive
• Murdoch, Monika Asztalos & Maravela, Anastasia (2022). Editorial Note. Symbolae Osloenses - Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. ISSN 0039-7679. 96(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.1080/00397679.2022.2206700. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Editorial Note for Symbolae Osloenses Centennial Issue 1922-2022

• Maravela, Anastasia (2022). Christian Travel Documents on an Oslo Papyrus and their Significance for The History of the Episcopate of Alexandria (HEpA). Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2022). Re-Editing PGM XXXVI/GEMF 68: Remarks on its Scribe and Sections. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2022). PGM XXXVI/GEMF 68: Its Scribe and Sections. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2021). A gem to counter the Empusa? Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2020). Exploring the Poetics of Christian and Christian Magical Prayers: The function of the historiolae. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Welo, Eirik (2020). Når kroppen hviler, er hjernen våken: Drømmer i antikken. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Tovar, Sofia Torallas (2019). Impossible Anatomies: Coptic Curses and the Torments of the Beyond. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2019). Eitrem Marginalia on Magic. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2019). Contexts of multilingualism in Egypt from the Hellenistic to the early Arabic period. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2019). Threats against the gods in the magical papyri: their topics and language. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). Papyri at Gustavianum, Uppsala universitetsmuseum. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). Papyrussamlingen ved Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslo: Glimt av liv og død i gresk og romersk Egypt. AIGIS : Nordisk tidsskrift for klassiske studier. 18(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). PGM LVII + LXXII and the Tradition of Cryptography in Magical Papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). P.Oslo inv. 1481: Munker prøver å hjelpe et gjeldsoffer. Klassisk Forum. ISSN 0801-3179. p. 116–121. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Aurora, Federico (2018). Gammelt nytt fra Universitetsbibliotekets papyrussamling. Klassisk Forum. ISSN 0801-3179. p. 114–116. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2018). Lucianic linguistics. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2017). Greek in Christian Western Thebes: a Fresh Look. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2017). Chasing in time. Intersections of time and space in early Greek literature and in Greek philosophical thought. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2017). εἴτε πλαστῶν γραμμάτων ἢ ῥᾳδιουργίας ἢ περιγραφῆς ἐγκαλεῖν ἐπιχειρῇ...: Semantics and Settings of Distrust in Greco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2017). Hva kan man lære av antikkens 'junk-mail'? Papyrer fra gresk og romersk Egypt. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Reggiani, Nicola (2017). Medical scribes at work: Exploring linguistic variation in Greek medical papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2017). An unusual Christian letter of recommendation on papyrus and its non-Egyptian provenance. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2017). Presentation of papyrus editions P.Oslo inv. 1513, 1469, 1612, 787, 1238, 782, 1178, 1461, 1542 & 1530, 1463, 1490, 1467v, 1481, 366. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Translating Wisdom: the Coptic translations of "Menandri Sententiae". Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). An Early Testimony of Epistula Hippocratis XXV. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). The Judgemental Narrator in a Diachronic Perspective: νήπιος-passages from Homer to Nonnus. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Medical micro-language in the Greek papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Two Greek papyri relating to medicine and philosophy in the collection of the University of Oslo Library. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Encoding and Negotiating Power in Roman and Byzantine Egypt. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Issues of translation in Greek magical papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia; Witek, Wlodek; Palandri, Chiara & Aurora, Federico (2016). Multispectral Scanning of Papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2016). Scriptural literacy only? Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). The papyrus collection of the University of Oslo Library: glimpses at life and death in Greco-Roman Egypt. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown in the Greek Magical Papyri? Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). Re-edition of the magical handbooks in the University of Oslo Library Papyrus Collection (P.Oslo I 1, P.Oslo I 3 and P.Oslo III 75): plan of work and challenges. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). "School texts" from Western Theban monasteries: Classical Culture and Education in Late Antique Monastic Settings in Egypt. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2015). Women on the verge of a nervous breakdown, women without lust: Constructions of the female in translations of Greek and Coptic magical papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia & Hasznos, Andrea (2015). Monastic Readings and Writings in Western Theban Monasteries (VI-VIII): Documentary and Archaeological Evidence. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). Power, rhetoric and self-consciousness in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). Tongue-twisters, cipher alphabets, and other ‘school texts’ from Western Theban monasteries (sixth-eighth century): testimonies to the education of the youth? Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). The philosopher's horse: some thoughts on Ibycus F287 PMGF. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2014). P.Oslo inv. 1042: contract concerning dyke work. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2013). Play-and-learn with names and numbers? Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2013). Psygmos in documentary papyri: why ’drying place’? Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2013). Medicalia Online: Psygmos and related terms. Full text in Research Archive
• Kildahl, Mari; Stolk, Joanne Vera & Maravela, Anastasia (2013). Nytt funn om antikkens siste poet. [Internet]. http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2013/juni/361137. Full text in Research Archive
• Kildahl, Mari; Stolk, Joanne Vera & Maravela, Anastasia (2013). New findings on the last poet of antiquity. [Internet]. http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/news-and-events/. Full text in Research Archive
• Kildahl, Mari; Stolk, Joanne Vera & Maravela, Anastasia (2013). Nytt funn om antikkens siste poet. [Internet]. http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/forskning/aktuelt/aktuelle-saker/. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2013). Homer and Menander's Sententiae in Monastic and Similar Settings in Egypt: The View from the Papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2013). New light on early Christian letters of recommendation. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2012). New Fayum papyri from the Oslo collection. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2012). Three Christian papyri from the Oslo collection. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2012). Intimations of Identity in Christian Prayers on Papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2012). Papyrological evidence for the study of classical literature in early Egyptian monastic communities. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2011). En komponist på arbeid i romersk Egypt? Et musikalsk papyrusfragment i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2011). Addressing the gods in the Graeco-Roman World, with a focus on Papyri. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2011). Time as a normative factor: perspectives from early Greek poetry. Full text in Research Archive
• Maravela, Anastasia (2011). Greek Papyrology. Full text in Research Archive
• Tothne, Agnes Mihálykó; Maravela, Anastasia & Boud'hors, Anne (2019). Christian Liturgical Papyri: An Introduction. Mohr Siebeck. ISSN 9783161557866. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Liturgical papyri are prime witnesses to the history of liturgy and the religious and theological currents in late antique Egypt. These items from the third to ninth century preserve hundreds of Greek and Coptic hymns, prayers, and acclamations, most otherwise unknown but some still recited by the Coptic Church. Ágnes T. Mihálykó offers the first extensive introduction to the liturgical papyri, facilitating the reader's access to them with a detailed inventory of edited manuscripts and an extensive discussion of their date and provenance. She also examines liturgical papyri as the first preserved liturgical manuscripts, describing their material features, the ways they were used, the early history of the liturgical books, and their languages. She reveals how liturgical texts were written down and transmitted and locates these important manuscripts in the book culture of late antique Egypt.

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