Tor Egil Førland

• «All Over the Place: The Trajectory of Johan Galtung». Journal of Global Security Studies 11, nr. 2 (June 2026). OPEN ACCESS.
• The Poverty of Anti-realism: Critical Perspectives on Postmodernist Philosophy of History. Edited, with Branko Mitrović. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2023. OPEN ACCESS.
• "Objectivity". In Bloomsbury History: Theory and Method. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350970830.038.
• Values, Objectivity, and Explanation in Historiography. New York: Routledge, 2017. OPEN ACCESS.
• "Cutting the Sixties Down to Size: Conceptualizing, Historicizing, Explaining". Journal for the Study of Radicalism 9, no. 2 (2015), pp. 125–148.
• "Brought Up to Rebel in the Sixties: Birth Order Irrelevant, Parental Worldview Decisive". With Trine Rogg Korsvik and Knut-Andreas Christophersen. Political Psychology 33, no. 6 (December 2012), pp. 825–838.
• "Deltaker og medløper: Venstresiden, Sovjetunionen og objektivismens fall" [Participant and Fellow Traveler: The Left, the Soviet Union, and the Fall of Objectivism]. Historisk tidsskrift 89, no. 4 (2010), pp. 521–546.
• "Protest and Parents: A Retrospective Survey of Sixties Student Radicals in Norway". With Trine Rogg Korsvik and Knut-Andreas Christophersen. Acta Sociologica 53, no. 3 (September 2010), pp. 229–245.
• Cold Economic Warfare: CoCom and the Forging of Export Controls, 1948–1954. Dordrecht: Republic of Letters Publishing, 2009.
• "Historiography without God: A Reply to Gregory". History and Theory 47, no. 4 (December 2008), pp. 520–532.
• "Acts of God? Miracles and Scientific Explanation". History and Theory 47, no. 4 (December 2008), pp. 483–494.
• "'1968' in Norway: Piecemeal, Peaceful and Postmodern". Scandinavian Journal of History 33, no. 4 (December 2008), pp. 382–394.
• Ekte sekstiåttere [Real Sixty-Eighters]. With Trine Rogg Korsvik. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk, 2008.
• "Mentality as a Social Emergent: Can the Zeitgeist Have Explanatory Power?". History and Theory 47, no. 1 (February 2008), pp. 44–56.
• 1968. Opprør og motkultur på norsk [1968: Revolt and Counterculture in Norwegian]. Ed., With Trine Rogg Korsvik. Oslo: Pax, 2006.
• "The Ideal Explanatory Text in History: A Plea for Ecumenism". History and Theory 43, no. 3 (October 2004), pp. 321–340.
• "Det er ikke sant alt som glimrer. En kritikk av forestillingen om situerte sannheter og moralens primat" [All that Shines Is not True: A Critique of the Notion of Situated Truths and the Primacy of Morals]. Historisk tidsskrift 79, no. 1 (2000), pp. 100–117.
• Club 7. Oslo: Pax, 1998.
• Drøft. Lærebok i oppgaveskriving [Discuss. Textbook on Writing Academic Essays]. Oslo: Ad Notam Gyldendal, 1996.
• "Far Out: International History in Norway". Scandinavian Journal of History 20, no. 3 (1995), pp. 167–183.
• "Foreign Policy Profiles of the Scandinavian Countries: Making Use of CoCom", Scandinavian Journal of History 19, no. 2 (1994), pp. 165–184.
• "The History of Economic Warfare: International Law, Effectiveness, Strategies". Journal of Peace Research 30, no. 2 (May 1993), pp. 151–162.
• "Bringing It All Back Home or Another Side of Bob Dylan: Midwestern Isolationist". Journal of American Studies 26, no. 3 (December 1992), pp. 337–355.
• "‘Selling Firearms to the Indians’: Eisenhower's Export Control Policy, 1953–54". Diplomatic History 15, no. 2 (Spring 1991), pp. 221–244.
• "‘Economic Warfare’ and ‘Strategic Goods’: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing COCOM". Journal of Peace Research 28, no. 2 (May 1991), pp. 191–204.
• "An Act of Economic Warfare? The Dispute over NATO's Embargo Resolution, 1950–1951". The International History Review 12, no. 3 (August 1990), pp. 490–513.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2023). Historiography beyond Partisanship: Establishing Facts and Evaluating Theories. In Førland, Tor Egil & Mitrovic, Branko (Ed.), The Poverty of Anti-realism: Critical Perspectives on Postmodernist Philosophy of History. Lexington Books. ISSN 9781666933628. p. 73–89. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil & Mitrovic, Branko (2023). Introduction: Being Realist about History. In Førland, Tor Egil & Mitrovic, Branko (Ed.), The Poverty of Anti-realism: Critical Perspectives on Postmodernist Philosophy of History. Lexington Books. ISSN 9781666933628. p. vii–xxvi. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2023). Postmodern Frankenstein; or, the Alternative Facts Monster. In Førland, Tor Egil & Mitrovic, Branko (Ed.), The Poverty of Anti-realism: Critical Perspectives on Postmodernist Philosophy of History. Lexington Books. ISSN 9781666933628. p. 163–181. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2021). Objectivity. In Berger, Stefan (Eds.), Bloomsbury history : theory & method. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISSN 9781350212510. doi: 10.5040/9781350970830.038. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2015). Kunsten å vedlikeholde luftslott: Tjue år med Pax og Club 7. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift (NNT). ISSN 0800-336X. 32(3), p. 275–286. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2015). "Cutting the Sixties Down to Size: Conceptualizing, Historicizing, Explaining". Journal for the Study of Radicalism. ISSN 1930-1189. 9(2), p. 125–148. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2014). Den kalde krigen, historikerne og ytringsfriheten. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift (NNT). ISSN 0800-336X. 31(3), p. 210–224. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2013). Årsaksproblemer i historisk forskning. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. 54(3), p. 355–370. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2013). Historieskrivningen og den danske debatt om Den kolde Krig. Historisk Tidsskrift (Danmark). ISSN 0106-4991. 112(2), p. 586–598. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2013). Problems of causation in historical research. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. 54(3), p. 355–370. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil; Korsvik, Trine Rogg & Christophersen, Knut-Andreas (2012). Brought Up to Rebel in the Sixties: Birth Order Irrelevant, Parental Worldview Decisive. Political Psychology. ISSN 0162-895X. 33(6), p. 825–838. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00908.x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In Born to Rebel 1997 [1996] and subsequent works Frank Sulloway asserts that laterborns are more supportive of radical rebellions than are firstborns. Failure to replicate his historical cases and lack of significant sibling differences in contemporary studies of personality have produced fierce debate and grave doubts about the theory. It has yet to find robust support from studies of contemporary rebellions. Using retrospective survey data on the 1960s radicalization from 1,246 former students at the University of Oslo, we find no effect of birth order on who became student radicals. What we find are strong effects on political orientation of conventional radicalizing factors: upbringing in an urban environment and in particular in a home with radical parents. Within the group of radicals, birth order did not increase the propensity for political protest activity such as demonstrations and civil disobedience. Laterborns moreover had no higher proclivity than firstborns to apolitical protest behavior such as using cannabis or letting males’ hair grow. Coming on top of concerns about the empirical support for other parts of the theory, our findings indicate that Sulloway’s contested claim about the extrafamilial effects of birth order is not viable.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2011). Vitenskap, verdier og venstrehistorikere. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 90(2), p. 235–246. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Tilsvar til Narve Fulsås og Hallvard Tjelmeland

• Førland, Tor Egil (2010). Participant and Fellow Traveller: The Left, the Soviet Union, and the Fall of Objectivism. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 89(4), p. 521–+. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2010). Deltaker og medløper: Venstresiden, Sovjetunionen og objektivismens fall. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 89(4), p. 521–546. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Positivismekritikken fordrev idealet om objektiv historieskriving. Venstresidens nær hegemoniske posisjon i historiefaget har gjort at den politiseringen av historiefaget som objektivismens fall innebærer, ikke har blitt ansett som noe problem. Utviklingen i Danmark viser imidlertid hva følgene kan bli når objektivitetsidealet forsvinner. Det borgerlige folketingsflertallet har gjort den antikommunistiske kaldkrigshistorikeren Bent Jensen til en del av sin kulturkamp mot totalitære ideologier og deres danske medløpere. Under presset fra høyresiden søker danske sentrum–venstrehistorikere å holde fast ved idealet om en historievitenskap utenfor politikken. Men uten objektivismen er det vanskelig å finne et forsvar mot eksistensfilosofenes og høyrepolitikernes krav om at historikerne må ta stilling til rett og galt.

• Førland, Tor Egil; Korsvik, Trine Rogg & Christophersen, Knut-Andreas (2010). Protest and Parents A Retrospective Survey of Sixties Student Radicals in Norway. Acta Sociologica. ISSN 0001-6993. 53(3), p. 229–245. doi: 10.1177/0001699310374490. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). Acts of God? Miracles and Scientific Explanation. History and Theory. ISSN 0018-2656. 47(4), p. 483–494. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2303.2008.00471.x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  God, at least as an active agent, is excluded from today’s scientific worldview—including he worldview of the humanities. This creates a gulf between a godless science and believers in God’s active presence in the world, a gulf that I argue is unbridgeable. I discuss the general methodological question from the starting point of a 1652 episode in a Norwegian valley, where God reportedly saved two brothers stranded on an islet by providing just enough fresh, edible plants each day for them to survive until they were found by a search team after twelve days. I resist four temptations to take easy ways out of a real dilemma: whether to accept or dismiss this and similar miracle accounts. The first is to explain evidence and refuse to consider the events about which the evidence reports; the second, to deny that reports of miracles represent a problem since biblical actors and authors lacked Hume’s concept of inviolable laws of nature; the third, to become resigned to a putative epistemological gap that renders impossible any dialogue on religion with actors from the early modern period; the fourth, to restrict our studies to asking what the events meant to the historical actors without passing judgment on the truth value of their beliefs. I suggest that when doing historical research, historians are part of a scientific community; consequently, historiographical explanations must be compatible with accepted scientific beliefs. Whereas many historians and natural scientists in private believe in supernatural entities, qua professional members of the scientific community they must subscribe to metaphysical naturalism, which is a basic working hypothesis in the empirical quest of science. As long as the supernatural realm is excluded from the scientific worldview, however, historians’ explanations of miracles will differ fundamentally from the explanations proffered by believers.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). '1968' in Norway: Piecemeal, peaceful and postmodern. Scandinavian Journal of History. ISSN 0346-8755. 33(4), p. 382–394. doi: 10.1080/03468750802305283. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The first part of this essay presents an outline of '1968' in Norway focusing on national particularities, especially the lack of violence. Three elements are highlighted: the political left turn with the opposition to the Vietnam War and the strong Marxist-Leninist faction as main aspects; the student revolt; and the multifarious countercultural movement. The theme of the second part is the state of Norwegian 1968 historiography. Here a distinction is drawn between actors-cum-historians and historians proper, or rather between writers with a desire to commemorate - predominantly but not exclusively former communists - and writers whose interest in the events is more professionally historiographic.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). Historiography without God: A Reply to Gregory. History and Theory. ISSN 0018-2656. 47(4), p. 520–532. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2303.2008.00473.x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This reply aims both to respond to Gregory and to move forward the debate about God’s place in historiography. The first section is devoted to the nature of science and God. Whereas Gregory thinks science is based on metaphysical naturalism with a methodological corollary of critical-realist empiricism, I see critical, empiricist methodology as basic, and naturalism as a consequence. Gregory’s exposition of his apophatic theology, in which univocity is eschewed, illustrates the fissure between religious and scientific worldviews—no matter which basic scientific theory one subscribes to. The second section is allotted to miracles. As I do, Gregory thinks no miracle occurred on Fox Lakes in 1652, but he restricts himself to understanding the actors and explaining change over time, and refuses to explain past or contemporary actions and events. Marc Bloch, in his book The Royal Touch: Sacred Monarchy and Scrofula in England and France, is willing to go much further than Gregory. Using his superior medical knowledge to substitute his own explanation of the phenomenon for that of the actors, Bloch dismisses the actors’ beliefs that they or others had been miraculously cured, and explains that they believed they saw miraculous healing because they were expecting to see it. In the third section, on historical explanation, I rephrase the question whether historians can accommodate both believers in God and naturalist scientists, asking whether God, acting miraculously or not, can be part of the ideal explanatory text. I reply in the negative, and explicate how the concept of a plural subject suggests how scientists can also be believers. This approach may be compatible with two options presented by Peter Lipton for resolving the tension between religion and science. The first is to see the truth claims of religious texts as untranslatable into scientific language (and vice versa); the other is to immerse oneself in religious texts by accepting them as a guide but not believing in their truth claims when these contradict science.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). Mentality as a Social Emergent: Can the Zeitgeist Have Explanatory Power? History and Theory. ISSN 0018-2656. 47(1), p. 44–56. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper probes the explanatory value of mentality as a social emergent in general and of the Zeitgeist in particular. Durkheim’s contention that social facts have emergent properties is open to the charge that it implies logically inconsistent “downward causation.” On the basis of an analogy with the brain–mind dilemma and mental emergentism, the first part of the essay discusses and dismisses the notion of social emergent properties that cannot be reduced to the properties of their component parts—individuals—and their internal relations. However, ontological individualism need not compel us to methodological individualism. The second part introduces two challenges to methodological individualism. The most radical is Rajeev Bhargava’s assertion that the meaning of a belief is determined not by the individual holding the belief but by the entire linguistic community. Bhargava’s “contextualism” is closely related to the (post)structural demand that we focus on discourse as a communal entity instead of continuing a delusive quest for the intentions of individual speakers. A more modest alternative is Margaret Gilbert’s plea for using “plural subjects”—social groups in which “participant agents” act jointly or have a jointly accepted view—in the practical syllogisms that are central to rationalizing action explanation. The notion of plural subjects lends credence to, and is reinforced by, “situationist” social psychology, which shows how people conform to peer groups, authorities, and roles. Building on Wesley Salmon’s and Peter Railton’s ecumenical accounts of explanation, the essay argues that both individual rationalizing action explanations and explanations based on plural agents can give explanatory information: we need not choose one or the other. The third part discusses how the Zeitgeist can provide added explanatory value in an analysis of the New Left. This is possible if the “spirit of the sixties” is seen as representing the values and worldviews of the “sixties generation” as a social group in Gilbert’s terms. Radical youth would suspend judgment and pool their wills to conform to what they perceived were the views of the imagined “sixties community” or—rendering more explanatory force—to smaller parts of it in the guise of peer groups and organizations.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2006). Innledning: 1968 som symbol på frihet og selvbestemmelse. In Førland, Tor Egil & Korsvik, Trine Rogg (Ed.), 1968. Opprør og motkultur på norsk. Pax Forlag. ISSN 9788253029283. p. 7–20. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2006). Avslutning: Forklaringer - på hva? In Førland, Tor Egil & Korsvik, Trine Rogg (Ed.), 1968. Opprør og motkultur på norsk. Pax Forlag. ISSN 9788253029283. p. 150–155. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2006). 1968 i mytenes verden? Arr - Idéhistorisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7005. 18(2/3), p. 97–107. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2004). The ideal explanatory text in history: Plea for ecumenism. History and Theory. ISSN 0018-2656. 43(3), p. 321–340. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article presents Peter Railton's analysis of scientific explanation and discusses its application in historiography. Although Railton thinks covering laws are basic in explanation, his account is far removed from Hempel. The main feature of Railton's account is its ecumenism. The "ideal explanatory text," a central concept in Railton's analysis, has room for not only causal and intentional, but also structural and functional explanations. The essay shows this by analyzing a number of explanations in history. In Railton's terminology all information that reduces our insecurity as to what the explanandum is due is explanatory. In the "encyclopedic ideal explanatory text," different kinds of explanation converge in the explanandum from different starting points. By incorporating pragmatic aspects, Railton's account is well suited to show how explanations in historiography can be explanatory despite their lack of covering laws or tendency statements. Railton's account is also dynamic, showing how the explanatory quest is a never-ending search for better illumination of the ideal explanatory text. Railton's analysis is briefly compared to, and found compatible with, views on explanation presented by David Lewis, C. Behan McCullagh, and R. G. Collingwood. Confronted with Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutics and Donald Davidson's insistence on the indeterminacy of interpretation, the essay suggests that the objectivity of the ideal explanatory text should be regarded as local, limited to the description under which the action is seen.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2003). (Årsaks)forklaring i historisk forskning. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 82(3), p. 263–282. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelen beskriver forklaringsmodellene til tre filosofer: Carl Hempels nomologiske modell, Wesley Salmons kausal-mekanistiske modell og Peter Railtons analyse av en såkalt ideal forklaringstekst som rommer alt explanandum � det vi vil forklare � skyldes (er «due to»). De tre modellene sammenliknes både generelt og i forhold til historiefaglige forklaringer. Eksempler fra norsk historieskriving brukes til å argumentere for verdien av Railtons modell. Uten å gi slipp på objektivitetskrav gir den større plass til pragmatiske aspekter ved vitenskapelige forklaringer enn de to andre gjør, og har plass til både intensjonale, funksjonelle og strukturelle forklaringer. Det argumenteres for at forklaringer som legger vekt på bare én side av den ideale forklaringsteksten, kan forbedres ved at man også belyser andre sider. Intensjonale forklaringer alene gir bare begrenset forståelse.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2000). Det er ikke sant alt som glimrer. En kritikk av forestillingen om situerte sannheter og moralens primat. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 79(1), p. 100–117. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2000). Innledning, Bidrag til verdienes historie. Pax Forlag. ISSN 9788253021836. p. 7–14. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelsamling med utgangspunkt i foredragene på Historisk institutts "Motverdikonferanse" 24. april 1999. Et kritisk apropos til Verdikommisjonen og dens vekt på såkalte fellesskapsverdier.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2000). Ekte poststrukturalister bryr seg ikke om virkeligheten. Gjensvar til Erling Sandmo om sannhet og kulturhistorie. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 79(4/2000), p. 509–521. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1999). En empirisk bauta, et intellektuelt gjesp. Kritisk blikk på Norsk utenrikspolitikks historie 1-6. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 78(2), p. 214–236. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1999). Systemets usynlige hånd? Internasjonalt. p. 20–21. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1998). Vietnamkrigen interesserer meg ikke; jeg vil ha orgasme. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. 39(2), p. 291–302. Full text in Research Archive

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• Førland, Tor Egil & Mitrovic, Branko (2023). The Poverty of Anti-realism: Critical Perspectives on Postmodernist Philosophy of History. Lexington Books. ISBN 9781666933628. 246 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Claes, Dag Harald & Førland, Tor Egil (2020). EU-Mellomstatlig samarbeid og politisk system. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205530973. 238 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2017). Values, Objectivity, and Explanation in Historiography. Routledge. ISBN 9781138203730. 204 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Claes, Dag Harald & Førland, Tor Egil (2015). EU: Mellomstatlig samarbeid og politisk system. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205487963. 236 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Claes, Dag Harald & Førland, Tor Egil (2010). EU - mellomstatlig samarbeid og politisk system. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788205396722. 237 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2009). Cold Economic Warfare: CoCom and the Forging of Strategic Export Controls, 1948-1954. Republic of Letters Publishing. ISBN 9789089790125. 350 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  One of the least known aspects of the Cold War is the Western strategic embargo of the Soviet bloc. On U.S. initiative a Coordinating Committee (CoCom) was established in 1949–50, with the aim of preventing exports to Eastern Europe of goods that might benefit Soviet bloc war potential. The United States wanted a more comprehensive embargo than its West European allies. After the outbreak of war in Korea, pressure from Congress and the Commerce Department led to an expansion of the CoCom lists. Throwing new light on intra-alliance policy-making, this book explores the creation of CoCom and the widening of the controls as well as the attempts by Britain to scale down the embargo after the end of the Korean War.

• Førland, Tor Egil & Korsvik, Trine Rogg (2008). Ekte sekstiåttere. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205381629. 288 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil & Korsvik, Trine Rogg (2006). 1968. Opprør og motkultur på norsk. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253029283. 187 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Claes, Dag Harald & Førland, Tor Egil (2004). Europeisk integrasjon. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205328372. 239 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2001). Vannveien gjennom Europa. Essays fra en båttur. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253022611. -1 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  En essaysamling, en reiseskildring og en turdagbok fra en reise med egen snekke på Rhinen, Main og Donau, fra verdens største havn Rotterdam gjennom Nederland, Tyskland, Østerrike, Slovakia og Ungarn til Mohács ved grensen til Jugoslavia. Et møte med Europa: øst og vest, før og nå, økonomi og politikk. En bok om konger og krig, kjærlighet og kunst, nasjonalisme og død. Illustrert med malerier, tegninger og fotografier av Thale Østbye.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2000). Bidrag til verdienes historie. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253021836. 127 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelsamling med utgangspunkt i foredragene på Historisk institutts "Motverdikonferanse" 24. april 1999. Et kritisk apropos til Verdikommisjonen og dens vekt på såkalte fellesskapsverdier.

• Førland, Tor Egil & Claes, Dag Harald (1999). Europeisk integration. Studentlitteratur AB. ISBN 9789144010373. 176 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil & Claes, Dag Harald (1998). Europeisk integrasjon. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788241709326. 176 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Denne boken handler om europeisk integrasjon, nærmere bestemt om historien bak, teorier om, institusjonene til, hovedinholdet i og utfordringene for Den europeiske union (EU).

• Førland, Tor Egil (1998). Club 7. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253020235. 242 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dette er historien om klubben som brakte sekstitallet til Norge, ble et senter for motkulturen på syttitallet og ble knekt av indre konflikt og kreditorer på åttitallet. Landets mest mangfoldige kulturinstitusjon. En klubb som begynte med jazz og lyrikk, og som utviklet seg i nær sagt alle retninger unntatt kommersialisme og finkultur. Sentrum for norsk rhythm ¿n¿ blues og soul i sekstiåra, landets største jazzklubb i syttiåra, Norges mest prestisjetunge rockescene i åttiåra. Et visemiljø som blomstret og visnet bort. Et tyngdepunkt for vokal folkemusikk. Landets mest seiglivede frittstående teater. En filial av Deichmanske Bibliotek. En kortfilmklubb. Et galleri med mer enn ti tusen besøkende hver måned og nesten ikke noe salg. En kafé med eksotisk og billig mat av variabel kvalitet. Et fargerikt fellesskap. Et hjem for folk som ikke kunne etablere sitt eget. Et av de første stedene der man kunne danse uten partner -- eller med en partner av samme kjønn. Et fristed. Et sjekkested for venstresida. En oase for sjeler og struper som tørstet etter øl og rødvin. En hasjbule? Et narkoreir? I helgene Norges største barnehage.

• Førland, Tor Egil (1997). Elias - en sosiolog for historikere. Universitetet i Oslo. ISBN 9788255010524. -1 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1997). Norbert Elias:En sosiolog for historikere. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønnesson, Stein & Førland, Tor Egil (1997). Spor i tid: Verden etter 1850. Aschehoug & Co. -1 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Førland, Tor Egil (2021). Tellekanter og tilsettinger. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift (NNT). ISSN 0800-336X. 38(1-2), p. 163–172. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-3053-2021-01-02-14. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Tellekantsystemet har blitt et symbol på New Public Management i styringen av universitetene. Et ankepunkt er bruken av publikasjonspoeng på individnivå. Artikkelen viser tellekantenes plass i forbindelse med tilsettinger i humanistiske fag ved Universitetet i Oslo. Ved å sammenlikne sakkyndige komitévurderinger og publikasjonspoeng i historie, arkeologi og konservering spør jeg hva som ville skjedd om de sakkyndige ble erstattet med bibliometri. I enkelte tilfeller ville andre søkere fått stillingene. Om resultatet ville vært dårligere, er et annet spørsmål.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2019). Sannhetsdebatten? Pytt. Fortid. ISSN 1504-1913. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2017). (He's lying): Presidenten, poststrukturalismen og behovet for aktive henvisninger. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 96(4), p. 495–506. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2944-2017-03-06. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Denne artikkelen begynner med en beskrivelse av en president som ikke bryr seg om skillet mellom løgn og sannhet, fakta og fiksjon. Deretter følger en kritisk del om en akademisk venstreside som lenge har hevdet at skillet ikke finnes, og som dermed har bidratt til å utydeliggjøre det, men som forferdes når deres relativistiske epistemologiske teorier omsettes til propagandistisk praksis. Til slutt kommer en normativ del om hvordan kildekritikk og aktive henvisninger til åpne kilder kan avsløre løgn og gjøre kvalitativ forskning til vitenskap – så fremt vi tar oss bryet.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2012). Historieskrivningen og den danske debatt om Den kolde Krig. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2012). Between Science and Story: Is IMRAD Commensurable with Narrativity? Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2012). Innkrøkt i seg selv. Norsk historie på tellekanten. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift (NNT). ISSN 0800-336X. 29(3), p. 320–328. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2011). Metodologisk individualisme som rettesnor for historikere. Fortid. ISSN 1504-1913. p. 30–33. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2009). En kritisk kommentar til historieevalueringens metaramme. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 88(1), p. 105–112. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). Exit for sekstiåtterne. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). "Sex, drugs, and jazz?" - Musikk som samfunnsundergravende kraft. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2008). Introduction to the special issue on 1968. Scandinavian Journal of History. ISSN 0346-8755. 33(4), p. 317–325. doi: 10.1080/03468750802529676. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The introductory essay contrasts the violent 1968 uprisings in Paris, Berlin, New York and other cities with the comparatively low-key ways of the revolt or radicalization in the Scandinavian countries, brought about by the attitude of radicals and authorities alike. It is argued that whereas the level of violence was low in Scandinavia, the effects of '1968' have been at least as far-reaching as in other Western countries, where sixties radicals were less easily co-opted into mainstream society and polity. Another distinguishing trait of the Scandinavian '1968' is the role of socialism, and especially Leninism. The essay summarizes the content of the articles in the Special Issue. On the basis of the four country overviews it is noticed that there is still some way to go before the movement from memory to history is completed. The articles in this Special Issue are evidence of the progress, however, and represent a milestone on the road to maturity of research on the sixties radicalization in Scandinavia.

• Førland, Tor Egil (2007). Acts of God? Miracles and Scientific Explanation. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2005). Tidsånden som forklaring på ungdomsopprøret? Sejersted, Seip og metodologisk individualisme en gang til. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Innledningen tar utgangspunkt i det oppgjøret Francis Sejersted rundt 1990 tok med Jens Arup Seips metodologiske individualisme. Jeg viser at Sejersteds alternativ, det han kalte en "nøktern metodologisk kollektivisme", ikke var noe brudd med den metodologiske individualismen, bare en romslig utgave av den. Jeg forsøker deretter å se hvilke muligheter som finnes for å ta skrittet fullt ut og forlate den metodologiske individualismen som har ligget til grunn for norsk historieforskning både under Seip og Sejersted. Dette gjøres ved hjelp av begreper filosofene har utviklet for å løse det (ennå uløste) hjerne/bevissthet-problemet: superveniens, emergentisme, reduksjon og multippel realisering. Spørsmålet er om det finnes emergente sosiale egenskaper, som metodologiske individualister mister når sosiale fenomener reduseres til individuelle. Et anvendt spørsmål er hvilken metodologisk status "tidsånden" har i forklaringen av radikaliseringen rundt 1968.

• Rogan, Bjarne; Syvertsen, Trine & Førland, Tor Egil (2004). Et fakultet i endring. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2001). Finn Olstad: Einar Gerhardsen - en politisk biografi (bokanmeldelse). Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 80(1), p. 137–140. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (2000). The radicalization of the 1960s in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil & Strindberg, Lisa Kristin (1999). Tor Egil Førland om Bob Dylans utenrikspolitikk. [Radio]. NRK Radio: P2. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1998). Bohemer og byråkrati. Historien om Klubbsju. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1998). Kritisk blikk på _Norsk utenrikspolitikks historie_. Full text in Research Archive
• Førland, Tor Egil (1998). Studentopprøret 1968. Full text in Research Archive

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