Patrick Georg Grosz

• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2025). Expressivity and emojis. In Gutzmann, Daniel & Turgay, Katharina (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Expressivity. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780191905797. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198869450.013.0035. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Expressivity is the essential property of natural language to not just describe something in the world, but to directly express or display the speaker’s attitudes or emotions. This handbook provides fifty comprehensive chapters that approach expressive meaning from a plethora of angles. Following the editors’ introduction, which sketches the expressive turn in linguistics, the book is divided into five parts. The chapters in Part I lay out the historical background and foundations of expressivity. Part II shows how expressivity plays a major role in all linguistic domains and fields of research, including morphology, syntax, semantics, and across linguistic frameworks and linguistic theories, like relevance theory, construction grammar and discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, computational and corpus linguistics. Part III presents dedicated studies concerning specific linguistic phenomena (like slurs, interjections, or vocatives, but also sentence types or information structure), demonstrating how a focus on expressivity enhances our understanding of them. Part IV shows how the concept of expressivity can be used in further domains and applications in interdisciplinary contexts, showcasing its relevance beyond traditional linguistic boundaries, including pedagogy, the law, or music. Finally, Part V of the handbook presents a cross-linguistic perspective, revealing how expressivity manifests differently in a collection of languages. The chapters, all written by leading experts and emerging scholars in their respective fields, not only provide critical and opinionated surveys of the current state-of-the-art, but in many cases also provide new insights and innovative perspectives.

• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Solberg, Ragnhild Torvanger; Katz, Jonah; Vu, Mai Ha; Jensenius, Alexander Refsum & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2025). An outline of the narrative grammar of electronic dance music. Musicae Scientiae. ISSN 1029-8649. 29(4), p. 556–575. doi: 10.1177/10298649251321709. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We argue that electronic dance music (EDM) exhibits a parallel structural organization to that which has been proposed for cartoons (comics) after the model of hierarchical structure proposed in theoretical linguistics. According to this parallel, both systems are governed by general cognitive mechanisms for the narrative organization of tension and release, which are not modality-specific. We show that notions from visual narrative analysis, such as an Establisher–Initial–Peak–Release template, can be applied directly to EDM tracks as an Intro/Breakdown–Buildup–Core–Outro/Cut template. In doing so, we focus on how to formally define and operationalize relevant notions such as Breakdown, Buildup, and Core. As part of our analysis, we show that the scene-setting Establisher segments of visual narratives map onto two distinct categories in EDM: they correspond to intro sections at the beginning of a track and to breakdown sections in the middle of a track; we strengthen the analogy to visual narrative analysis by introducing refinements such as a pre-drop break that often occurs at the end of a buildup segment. To adjudicate between competing hypotheses on the hierarchical structure of a given EDM track, we demonstrate that analytical tests from linguistics and visual narrative analysis can be successfully applied. By introducing these analytical tools, this article sets the stage for further explorations in the linguistically informed analysis of the structure and meaning of EDM.

• Henderson, Mathew; Grosz, Patrick Georg; Graham, Kirsty E.; Hobaiter, Catherine & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2024). Shared semantics: Exploring the interface between human and chimpanzee gestural communication. Mind & Language. ISSN 0268-1064. 39, p. 454–471. doi: 10.1111/mila.12500. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Striking similarities across ape gestural repertoires suggest shared phylogenetic origins that likely provided a foundation for the emergence of language. We pilot a novel approach for exploring possible semantic universals across human and nonhuman ape species. In a forced-choice task, n = 300 participants watched 10 chimpanzee gesture forms performed by a human and chose from responses that paralleled inferred meanings for chimpanzee gestures. Participants agreed on a single meaning for nine gesture forms; in six of these the agreed form-meaning pair response(s) matched those established for chimpanzees. Such shared understanding suggests apes' (including humans') gesturing shares deep evolutionary origins.

• Fricke, Lea; Grosz, Patrick Georg & Scheffler, Tatjana (2024). Semantic differences in visually similar face emojis. Language and Cognition. ISSN 1866-9808. 16(4), p. 1433–1447. doi: 10.1017/langcog.2024.12. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The literature on face emojis raises the central question whether they should be treated as pictures or conventionalized signals. Our experiment addresses this question by investigating semantic differences in visually similar face emojis. We test a prediction following from a pictorial approach: small visual features of emojis that do not correspond to human facial features should be semantically less relevant than features that represent aspects of facial expressions. We compare emoji pairs with a visual difference that either does or does not correspond to a difference in a human facial expression according to an adaptation of the Facial Action Coding System. We created two contexts per pair, each fitted to correspond to a prominent meaning of one or the other emoji. Participants had to choose a suitable emoji for each context. The rate at which the context-matching emoji was chosen was significantly above chance for both types of emoji pairs and it did not differ significantly between them. Our results show that the small differences are meaningful in all pairs whether or not they correspond to human facial differences. This supports a lexicalist approach to emoji semantics, which treats face emojis as conventionalized signals rather than mere pictures of faces.

• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Kaiser, Elsi & Pierini, Francesco (2023). Discourse anaphoricity vs. perspective sensitivity in emoji semantics. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics. 8(1), p. 1–35. doi: 10.16995/glossa.9128. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper aims to provide a foundation for studying the interplay between emoji and linguistic (natural language) expressions; it does so by proposing a formal semantic classification of emoji- text combinations, focusing on two core sets of emoji: face emoji and activity emoji. Based on different data sources (introspective intuitions, naturalistic Twitter examples, and experimental evidence), we argue that activity emoji (case study I) are essentially event descriptions that serve as separate discourse units (similar to free adjuncts) and connect to the accompanying (linguistic) text by virtue of suitable discourse relations. By contrast, face emoji (case study II) are expressive elements that are anchored to an attitude holder and comment on a proposition provided by the accompanying text. We provide further evidence for the distinct behavior of face emoji and activity emoji by looking at their scopal behavior with respect to linguistically- expressed negation. In particular, we probe interactions of emoji and texts that contain clausal negation, and conclude that both face emoji and activity emoji generally do not scope under negation. However, the appearance of such a scope relation arises with activity emoji when the emoji are connected to the accompanying text by virtue of an Explanation discourse relation. With face emoji, scopal interactions seem to appear in cases where the default interpretation would result in a discourse contribution that is pragmatically infelicitous, and also in cases that involve a specialized emoji-repetition construction where a repeated alternation of face emoji with words assumes a scope-marking role.

• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Greenberg, Gabriel; Leon, Christian De & Kaiser, Elsi (2023). A semantics of face emoji in discourse. Linguistics and Philosophy. ISSN 0165-0157. 46, p. 905–957. doi: 10.1007/s10988-022-09369-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper presents an analysis of face emoji (disc-shaped pictograms with stylized facial expressions) that accompany written text. We propose that there is a use of face emoji in which they comment on a target proposition expressed by the accompanying text, as opposed to making an independent contribution to discourse. Focusing on positively valenced and negatively valenced emoji (which we gloss as happy and unhappy, respectively), we argue that the emoji comment on how the target proposition bears on a contextually provided discourse value endorsed by the author. Discourse values embody what an author desires, aspires to, wishes for, or hopes for. Our analysis derives a range of non-trivial generalizations, including (i) ordering restrictions with regards to the placement of emoji and text, (ii) cases of apparent mixed emotions, and (iii) cases where the lexical content of the accompanying text influences the acceptability of a face emoji.

• Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Henderson, Matthew; Grosz, Patrick Georg; Graham, Kirsty & Hobaiter, Catherine (2023). Primate origins of discourse-managing gestures: The case of hand fling. Linguistics Vanguard. 9(1). doi: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract The last decades have seen major advances in the study of gestures both in humans and non-human primates. In this paper, we seriously examine the idea that there may be gestural form types that are shared across great ape species, including humans, which may underlie gestural universals, both in form and meaning. We focus on one case study, the hand fling gesture common to chimpanzees and humans, and provide a semantic analysis of this gesture.

• Francis, Naomi; Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2023). THROW. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics. 8(1), p. 1–33. doi: 10.16995/glossa.8455. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper provides a detailed description of the distribution of an utterance-accompanying or utterance-replacing throwing away gesture (see Bressem & Müller 2014, 2017), THROW, and proposes a formal analysis of its contribution. We argue that this gesture conveys dismissal, which we model as the marking of the question addressed by a preceding discourse move as unimportant. This work extends the growing body of linguistic work on formal gesture semantics to discourse-management gestures; moreover, we find that the dismissal meaning encoded by THROW is unlike other discourse-management operators in being unable to operate on propositional content that it accompanies.

• Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Grosz, Patrick Georg; Kelkar, Tejaswinee & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2022). Steps towards a semantics of dance. Journal of Semantics. ISSN 0167-5133. 39(4), p. 693–748. doi: 10.1093/jos/ffac009. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract As formal theoretical linguistic methodology has matured, recent years have seen the advent of applying it to objects of study that transcend language, e.g., to the syntax and semantics of music (Lerdahl & Jackendoff 1983, Schlenker 2017a; see also Rebuschat et al. 2011). One of the aims of such extensions is to shed new light on how meaning is construed in a range of communicative systems. In this paper, we approach this goal by looking at narrative dance in the form of Bharatanatyam. We argue that a semantic approach to dance can be modeled closely after the formal semantics of visual narrative proposed by Abusch (2013, 2014, 2021). A central conclusion is that dance not only shares properties of other fundamentally human means of expression, such as visual narrative and music, but that it also exhibits similarities to sign languages and the gestures of non-signers (see, e.g., Schlenker 2020) in that it uses space to track individuals in a narrative and performatively portray the actions of those individuals. From the perspective of general human cognition, these conclusions corroborate the idea that linguistic investigations beyond language (see Patel-Grosz et al. forthcoming) can yield insights into the very nature of the human mind and of the communicative devices that it avails.

• Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Katz, Jonah; Grosz, Patrick Georg; Kelkar, Tejaswinee & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2022). From music to dance: The inheritance of semantic inferences. Empirical Issues in Syntax and Semantics. 14, p. 219–238. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2022). Scalarity as a meaning atom in wohl-type particles. In Gergel, Remus; Reich, Ingo & Speyer, Augustin (Ed.), Particles in German, English, and Beyond. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027211330. p. 243–268. doi: 10.1075/slcs.224.09gro. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  German wohl ‘well’, Norwegian vel ‘well’ and French bien ‘well’ are all known to have a modal particle reading that roughly amounts to ‘surely, probably, I guess’ (see Zimmermann 2008; Fretheim 1991; Detges & Waltereit 2009). This paper addresses the question of how such a reading could have arisen from the source meaning of these elements (i.e. ‘well’). I propose an analysis of wohl-type (i.e. ‘well’-type) modal particles as scalar operators, which is based on the observation that each of them appears to have diachronically gone through an intermediate stage in which it was clearly a scalar modifier (namely wohl ‘approximately’, vel ‘approximately, more than’, and bien ‘very’). The core idea of my contribution is that the modal particle variant is still a scalar operator in nature, but has emerged through a shift in the type of scale that the particle operates on (in line with Beltrama’s 2015 approach to English totally). Scalarity thus emerges as a common meaning atom (or meaning molecule), in the spirit of von Fintel & Matthewson (2008: 154,172), which serves as a building block in the semantic makeup of wohl-type particles.

• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2022). Emojis and conditionals: exploring the super linguistic interplay of pictorial modifiers and conditional meaning. Linguistics Vanguard. doi: 10.1515/lingvan-2021-0123. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In recent years, formal linguistic analysis has expanded its scope to include objects of study beyond natural language, under the umbrella of Super Linguistics (where the intended meaning of super is its Latinate meaning ‘beyond’); see (Patel-Grosz et al. 2022. Super linguistics: An introduction. Unpublished manuscript, April 2022 version. Available at: https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005242). One super linguistic object of study is emojis, which can be analyzed as digital counterparts of gestures and facial expressions, but which also share properties with natural language expressions such as alas and unfortunately (Grosz, Patrick Georg, Gabriel Greenberg, Christian De Leon & Elsi Kaiser. 2021b. A semantics of face emoji in discourse. Manuscript, December 2021 version. https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005981 (Accepted with minor revisions for publication in Linguistics and Philosophy)). In this paper, I use conditionals as a case study to argue that natural language semantics can benefit from investigating the semantics of emojis. I start by arguing that face emojis (disk-shaped pictographs with stylized facial expressions) operate on contextually salient propositions. I show that they can comment on the presuppositions of wh-questions and definite descriptions, but not on conversational implicatures. I then show that face emojis can also comment on the counterfactual inferences of subjunctive conditionals (or, more broadly, subjunctive if-clauses). This suggests that these counterfactual inferences may be presupposition-like and not, as widely assumed, an instance of implicature (see Zakkou, Julia. 2019. Presupposing counterfactuality. Semantics and Pragmatics 12(21). 1–20, for recent discussion). The study of emojis, a nonstandard object for linguistic inquiry, can thus directly inform more traditional linguistic exploration.

• Kaiser, Elsi & Grosz, Patrick Georg (2021). Anaphoricity in emoji: An experimental investigation of face and non-face emoji. In Farrell, Patrick (Eds.), Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Vol 6, No 1. Linguistic Society of America. p. 1009–1023. doi: 10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5067. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Kaiser, Elsi & Pierini, Francesco (2021). Discourse anaphoricity and first-person indexicality in emoji resolution. In Grosz, Patrick Georg; Martí, Luisa; Pearson, Hazel; Sudo, Yasutada & Zobel, Sarah (Ed.), Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 25. University of Konstanz. p. 340–357. doi: 10.18148/sub/2021.v25i0.941. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2020). Discourse Particles. In Gutzmann, Daniel; Matthewson, Lisa; Meier, Cécile; Rullmann, Hotze & Zimmermann, Thomas (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Semantics. John Wiley & Sons. ISSN 9781118788516. doi: 10.1002/9781118788516.sem047. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This chapter aims to provide an overview of core questions concerning the nature of so‐called discourse particles, such as German ja and doch. It starts by exploring the similarity between discourse particles and sentence adverbs, which raises nontrivial questions such as: which properties do the two types of elements share? and what are the differences between them? Subsequently, it is shown that discourse particles can be subclassified, at least into a set of particles that interact with epistemic modality and a set of particles that interact with priority modality (i.e., non‐dynamic root modality). A case study of the German particle ja highlights the complexities that are involved in establishing the lexical entries for discourse particles. This case study confirms that ja(p) has an uncontroversiality component (“p is uncontroversial”), but questions the widespread assumption that it also has a factuality component (“p is true”). The remainder of the paper is dedicated to discussing three approaches to the very type of (non‐truth‐conditional) meaning that discourse particles encode: a syntactic force‐based approach, a presuppositional approach, and a use‐conditional approach. In comparing these three approaches, we see that a presuppositional approach and a use‐conditional approach fare equally well. By contrast, it is shown that one of the main arguments for a syntactic force‐based approach cannot be confirmed, namely, that it predicts the distribution of discourse particles in embedded clauses. Notably, all three approaches have means to deal with the frequently discussed sentence‐type and speech‐act sensitivity of discourse particles, which thus cannot be used to decide between the approaches.

• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2019). Pronominal Typology and Reference to the External World. In Schlöder, Julian; McHugh, Dean & Roelofsen, Floris (Ed.), Proceedings of the 22nd Amsterdam Colloquium. ILLC, University of Amsterdam. p. 563–573. Full text in Research Archive
• Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Grosz, Patrick Georg; Kelkar, Tejaswinee & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2018). Coreference and disjoint reference in the semantics of narrative dance. In Sauerland, Uli & Solt, Stephanie (Ed.), Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22, vol. 2, ZASPiL 61. Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS). p. 199–216. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2018). Bridging uses of demonstrative pronouns in German. Linguistics and Philosophy. ISSN 0165-0157. 41(4), p. 367–421. doi: 10.1007/s10988-017-9226-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2017). Shedding new light on the wohl muddle: the particle schier in Austrian German. Wiener Linguistische Gazette. ISSN 2224-1876. p. 71–78. Full text in Research Archive
• Patel-Grosz, Pritty & Grosz, Patrick Georg (2017). Revisiting pronominal typology. Linguistic Inquiry. ISSN 0024-3892. 48(2), p. 259–297. doi: 10.1162/ling_a_00243. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The overarching goal of this article is to shed new light on the debate over whether pronouns (she/he/it) generally have the syntax and semantics of definite descriptions (the woman/the man/the thing) or that of individual variables. As a case study, we investigate the differences between personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns in German. We argue that the two types of pronouns have the same core makeup (both contain a null NP and a definite determiner), but demonstrative pronouns have additional functional structure that personal pronouns lack. This analysis is shown to derive both their commonalities and their differences, and it derives the distribution of demonstrative vs. personal pronouns by means of structural economy constraints.

• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2017). "Ready", "willing" and "able" – a remark. In Halpert, Claire; Kotek, Hadas & Urk, Coppe van (Ed.), A Pesky Set: Papers for David Pesetsky. MITWPL. ISSN 9781541229334. p. 401–410. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2016). Information Structure and Discourse Particles. In Féry, Caroline & Ishihara, Shinichiro (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Information Structure. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780199642670. p. 336–358. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.36. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2015). Movement and Agreement in Right-Node Raising Constructions. Syntax. ISSN 1368-0005. 18, p. 1–38. doi: 10.1111/synt.12024. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Gibson, Edward; Fedorenko, Evelina & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2015). Constraints on Donkey Pronouns. Journal of Semantics. ISSN 0167-5133. 32(4), p. 619–648. doi: 10.1093/jos/ffu009. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2014). Modal Particles in Rationale Clauses and Related Constructions. In Leiss, Elisabeth & Abraham, Werner (Ed.), Modes of Modality: Modality, typology, and universal grammar. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027206169. p. 263–290. doi: 10.1075/slcs.149.09gro. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2014). German doch: An Element that Triggers a Contrast Presupposition. Proceedings from the Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. ISSN 1944-0324. 46(1), p. 163–177. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2014). Optative markers as communicative cues. Natural Language Semantics. ISSN 0925-854X. 22, p. 89–115. doi: 10.1007/s11050-013-9101-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Patel-Grosz, Pritty & Grosz, Patrick Georg (2014). Agreement and verb types in Kutchi Gujarati. In Chandra, Pritha & Srishti, Richa (Ed.), The Lexicon–Syntax Interface: Perspectives from South Asian languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027255921. p. 217–244. doi: 10.1075/la.209.10gro. Full text in Research Archive
• Axel-Tober, Katrin & Grosz, Patrick Georg (2013). Even strong evaluatives can occur under negation. Snippets. 28. doi: 10.7358/snip-2013-028-axel. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2011). German Particles, Modality, and the Semantics of Imperatives. Proceedings of North Eastern Linguistic Society (NELS). ISSN 0883-5500. 39, p. 323–336. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2011). A Uniform Analysis for Concessive At Least and Optative At Least. Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT proceedings). ISSN 2163-5943. 21, p. 572–591. doi: 10.3765/salt.v21i0.2627. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2011). Facts and Ideals: On the Role of doch in Conditionals and Optatives. In Reich, Ingo; Horch, Eva & Pauly, Dennis (Ed.), Sinn und Bedeutung 15. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Semantik. Universaar - Saarland University Press. ISSN 9783862230396. p. 275–289. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2010). Grading Modality: A New Approach to Modal Concord and its Relatives. In Prinzhorn, Martin; Schmitt, Viola & Zobel, Sarah (Ed.), Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 14. University of Vienna. p. 185–201. Full text in Research Archive
• Patel-Grosz, Pritty & Grosz, Patrick Georg (2010). On the Typology of Donkeys: Two Types of Anaphora Resolution. In Prinzhorn, Martin; Schmitt, Viola & Zobel, Sarah (Ed.), Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 14. University of Vienna. p. 339–355. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2007). German Discourse Particles are Weak Sentence Adverbs. In Picchi, M. Cecilia & Pona, Alan (Ed.), Proceedings of the XXXII Incontro di Grammatica Generativa. Edizioni dell'Orso. ISSN 9788876949647. p. 79–91. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Grosz, Patrick Georg & Zobel, Sarah (2017). Pronouns in Embedded Contexts at the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 9783319567044. 247 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2016). The Impact of Pronominal Form on Interpretation. De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN 9781614517801. 400 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Patel-Grosz, Pritty & Yanovich, Igor (2015). The Semantics of Pronouns. Proceedings of the special session of the 40th North East Linguistics Society. GLSA. ISBN 9781500572303. 148 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2012). On the Grammar of Optative Constructions. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9789027255761. 346 p. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Katz, Jonah; Grosz, Patrick Georg; Kelkar, Tejaswinee & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2021). From music to dance: the inheritance of semantic inferences. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2016). Scalar epistemic indefinites: a case study of weiß Gott w- in Present Day German. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2015). Investigations on the Typology of Pronouns’. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2014). ‘Deep or Surface Anaphoric Pronouns? – Empirical Approaches. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2014). Re-Evaluating the Distinction between Personal and Demonstrative Pronouns. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2013). Split Ergativity, Multiple Exponence and Complex Probes. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2013). Deep Anaphoric or Surface Anaphoric Pronouns? Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2013). Deep Anaphoric or Surface Anaphoric Pronouns? Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2013). On the Connection of “Imperative” Modal Particles and Non-Dynamic Root Modality. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2013). Optativsätze. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2013). On Weak Modality in Rationale Clauses. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2013). Optativsatz. In Altmann, Hans; Meibauer, Jörg & Steinbach, Markus (Ed.), Satztypen des Deutschen. De Gruyter Mouton. ISSN 9783110224832. p. 146–170. doi: 10.1515/9783110224832.146. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2013). Demystifying “Them”: An NP Deletion Analysis for Institutional “They”. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2013). On Ergative Agreement in Kutchi Gujarati and Marwari. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Ichin-Norbu, Iuliia; Neichel, Michaela & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2013). Demonstrative Pronouns in Donkey Sentences? Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2013). Structural Asymmetries – The View from Kutchi Gujarati and Marwari. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2012). Modal Particles in Imperatives and Related Constructions. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2012). A Semantic Conspiracy: The Case of Optative Particles. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2012). A Semantic Conspiracy: The Case of Optative Particles. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2012). Donkey Pronouns: Theoretical and Experimental Lines of Inquiry. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2012). Introduction to Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2012). Satztypen und Partikeln – Aus der Perspektive des Optativsatzes. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2012). Donkey Pronouns: Theoretical and Experimental Lines of Inquiry. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2012). On the Information Structure of Optative Exclamations. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2011). On the Cross-Linguistic Typology of Pronouns. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2011). Stubborn Donkeys: On the Cross-Linguistic Rigidity of Larger Pronouns. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2011). On the Cross-Linguistic Typology of Pronouns. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2011). Optatives, Minimal Sufficiency and the Two Readings of Only. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2010). German doch: An Element that Triggers a Contrast Presupposition. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2010). Movement and Agreement in Right-Node Raising Constructions. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2010). On the Typology of Donkeys: Two Types of Anaphora Resolution. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2010). German doch: An Element that Triggers a Contrast Presupposition. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2010). Facts and Ideals: On the Relationship between Conditionals and Optatives. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Schmitt, Viola (2010). An Ordering Semantics for German Aber. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2009). On the Typology of Pronouns: Two Types of Anaphora Resolutions. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2009). On the Typology of Pronouns: Two Types of Anaphora Resolution. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2009). Movement and Agreement in Right-Node Raising Constructions. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2009). On the Typology of Donkeys: Two Types of Anaphora Resolution. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Patel-Grosz, Pritty; Fedorenko, Evelina & Gibson, Edward (2009). The Uniqueness Restriction on E-Type Pronouns. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2009). Grading Modality: A New Approach to Modal Concord and its Relatives. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2008). German Particles, Modal Concord, and the Semantics of Imperatives. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2008). A Different View on Ergativity in German Nominalizations. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2006). Long-Distance Agreement and Restructuring Predicates in Kutchi Gujarati. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2006). Aspects of the Syntax of German Discourse Particles. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg & Patel-Grosz, Pritty (2006). Long-Distance Agreement and Restructuring Predicates in Kutchi Gujarati. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2006). German Discourse Particles are Weak Sentence Adverbs. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2005). On the Syntax of Discourse Particles in (Viennese) German. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg (2005). Die Syntax der Diskurspartikel denn und ihrer klitischen Variante dn in der Wiener gehobenen Umgangssprache. Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Rennison, John & Tamara, Prischnegg (2005). Negation in Yukuben, Bete and Lufu (Southern Jukunoid, Nigeria/Cameroon). Full text in Research Archive
• Grosz, Patrick Georg; Martí, Luisa; Pearson, Hazel; Sudo, Yasutada & Zobel, Sarah (2021). Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 25. University of Konstanz. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA