Heidi Karlsen

• Karlsen, Heidi (2022). Foucault’s archeological discourse analysis with digital methodology—Discourse on women prior to the first wave women’s movement. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. ISSN 2055-7671. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1093/llc/fqac022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In L’archéologie du savoir (1969), Foucault specifies the method of discourse analysis as the identification of statements. Few digital humanities projects have set out to conduct discourse analysis in this tradition. A certain degree of confusion relates to what the Foucauldian statement consists of and how it can be operationalized in order to identify discourse, using digital methods. This article demonstrates, however, that such an operationalization becomes possible if we take Foucault’s own distinction between statement (énoncé) and enunciation (énonciation) into account. As an example, the article shows how discourse on women prior to the first wave women’s movement in Western countries has been identified in almost 7,000 books digitized by the Norwegian National Library. This article concludes that a digitized Foucauldian discourse analysis is possible, using a combination of digital methodology and close reading.

• Karlsen, Heidi (2021). Kvinner i Nasjonalbibliotekets digitaliserte samlinger i perioden 1830–1880: etableringen av en minoriserende diskurs, Minoritetsdiskurser i norsk litteratur. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215045320. s. 93–113. doi: 10.18261/9788215045320-2021-05. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Sub-corpus topic modeling og diskursanalyse: gruvearbeid, tråling eller kokekunst? . Samlaren: tidsskrift för forskning om svensk och annan nordisk litteratur. ISSN 0348-6133. 140, s. 281–304. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Rees, Ellen; Karlsen, Heidi; Brovold, Madelen & Dingstad, Ståle (2021). Minoritetsdiskurser i norsk litteratur. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215045320.

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• Karlsen, Heidi & Johnsen, Lars G. (2022). A Digital Discourse Analysis of the Norwegian National Library’s Collections - The Idea of a Feminine Essence in the First Half of the Twentieth Century.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2021). Women in the Bokhylla corpus 1830-1880.
• Rees, Ellen; Karlsen, Heidi; Brovold, Madelen & Dingstad, Ståle (2021). Innledning: Norden i verden – verden i Norden, Minoritetsdiskurser i norsk litteratur. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215045320. doi: 10.18261/9788215045320-2021-01.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Diskursanalyse og sub-corpus topic modeling.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Le mouvement des femmes en Norvège au XIXème siècle avait-il besoin de George Sand pour sortir de son silence ? DESHIMA, revue d'histoire globale des pays du Nord. ISSN 1957-5173. 13, s. 195–211.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Digital humaniora - Subcorpus topic modeling. Norgeshistorie.no.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Oppdag meningsfylte avsnitt med Sub-corpus topic modeling - "Tråling" eller kokekunst"? - med Bokhylla.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Spor av kvinner i Bokhylla - 1830-1880.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Når kjønn er noe vi gjør. [Avis]. Morgenbladet.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Women’s place in Norwegian Society 1830- 1880 - Discourse Analysis with the Digital Bookshelf.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2019). Kvinnens plass i samfunnet 1830-1880 - Diskursanalyse med Bokhylla.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). En tidlig feminist og julebudskapet . [Avis]. Vårt Land (i papiravis og på nett, verdidebatt.no).
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). Femmes écrivains au dix-neuvième siècle .
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). Approche numérique de l’étude des discours sur les femmes, en Norvège (1830-1900).
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). The Stage as an Intersection across Discursive and Non-Discursive Gender Practices in Norway in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). "Data-mining the Digital Bookshelf" Presentasjon av metodologiske muligheter og utfordringer knyttet til litteraturhistorisk arbeid med NBs digitaliserte samling.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). The Discursive Context of Nora’s Slamming Door: Gender Discourses in Norway in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and Nora’s Decision to Leave Home.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2018). Interdisciplinary Advancement through the Unexpected: Mapping Gender Discourses in Norway (1840-1913) with Bokhylla.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2017). Mapping Gender Discourses: Bokhylla and traces of women in Norway 1840-1913.
• Karlsen, Heidi (2020). A Discourse Analysis of Woman’s Place in Society 1830-1880 through Data-Mining the Digital Bookshelf. 07 Gruppen. Vis sammendrag

  My main question is how woman's place in society is established and negotiated by the fact that one speaks about woman, and that a growing number of women themselves get access to discourse and publish texts that thematize gender and women. Furthermore, I have explored how digital methodology can be used to generate material for such an analysis. My main finding is that these negotiations concern what virtues women were to cultivate and live in accordance with, what kind of education she needed for this, and what degree of freedom woman should be granted. Through these negotiations woman's place in society is established as a function and calling she has — in virtue of her gender and its sensitive nature— to enhance the moral condition of the population. Most of my captured material consists of religious texts, including devotional house books with which it is likely that many women were familiar. Several of these address woman directly. Woman is encouraged to realize what are the virtues of her gender and to live by them. In many cases, woman's subordination in marriage is emphasized as a virtue, while also arguing that woman has and should have freedom. It is a given that woman has to have awareness of her specific function and that this awareness must be shaped and strengthened due to the complexity of her submitted tasks. Even the most restrictive texts on women's freedom are part of a discursive practice that is susceptible to negotiating woman's right to freedom, as long as one argues that it strengthens her in her gender-specific function of promoting morality in society. Women's discourse production unfolds along two main tracks, both of which are characterized by zooming close in on woman's inner life. First, it negotiates extended freedom for women, mainly because they can thus more fully fulfill their calling, and second, it seeks to influence women to be convinced that cultivating and living by feminine virtues is morally good. I have mainly used the data mining technique sub-corpus topic modeling (STM) and a “word bag” tool in order to identify text passages in the corpus that speak about woman. Briefly put, STM works the following way: “topics” — that is in this context “word clusters” — are modeled in selected texts. These topics are then applied to a larger corpus to search for texts that contains the same topics. In this project, selected texts primarily by women writers form my sub-corpora. Topics modeled in these texts are then applied to the Digital Bookshelf corpus 1830-1880. In line with Heidi Karlsen Michel Foucualt's method for discourse analysis, I operate with a distinction between enunciations (énunciations) and statements (énoncés). I consider my results as concrete enunciations about gender and women, while the analytical work consists of identifying the statements, that is, the regularity in terms of what is said, how it is said, in what contexts one speaks, and what it takes to take a position as a discourse producer. This project contends that STM in combination with a word bag tool is apt for conducting an archival discourse analysis in Foucault’s tradition.

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