Helge Øystein Pharo

• Engh, Sunniva; Pharo, Helge Øystein; Simensen, Jarle & Østerud, Øyvind (2023). Redaksjonens forord. In Pharo, Helge Øystein; Østerud, Øyvind; Simensen, Jarle & Engh, Sunniva (Ed.), Kampen for en ordnet verden. Dreyer Forlag A/S. ISSN 9788282656375. p. 9–12. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge Øystein (2022). Hilde Gunn Slottemo: En kort introduksjon til Norge på 1900-tallet. Forskjell og fellesskap. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 101(1), p. 75–78. doi: 10.18261/ht.101.1.8. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge Øystein (2020). Om å fortolke seg selv – og andre. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 99(1), p. 52–55. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2944-2020-01-05. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge Øystein (2018). Small State Anti-Fascism: Norway's Quest to Eliminate the Franco Regime in the Aftermath of World War II. Culture & History Digital Journal. 7(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3989/chdj.2018.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2014). Gru og glede. Marshallplanen og Keralaprosjektet som merkesteiner i norsk historie. In Claes, Dag Harald; Heidar, Knut & Holst, Cathrine (Ed.), Politikk i grenseland - Festskrift til Øyvind Østerud. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215022598. p. 312–328. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2012). TOGETHER AGAIN Anglo-Norwegian relations and the early Cold War. Scandinavian Journal of History. ISSN 0346-8755. 37(2), p. 261–277. doi: 10.1080/03468755.2012.667968. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2012). Together Again: Anglo-Norwegian relations and the early Cold War. Scandinavian Journal of History. ISSN 0346-8755. 37(2), p. 261–277. doi: 10.1080/03468755.2012.667968. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge & Salmon, Patrick (2012). Introduction. In Pharo, Helge Ø. & Salmon, Patrick (Ed.), Britain and Norway: special relationships. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232101771. p. 11–21. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2010). The Best of All Worlds - Norway and the Creation of EFTA. In Bryn, Kåre & Einarsson, Gudmundur (Ed.), EFTA 1960-2010 - Elements of 50 years of European history. University of Iceland Press. ISSN 9789979548676. p. 61–76. Full text in Research Archive
• Østerud, Øyvind; Lange, Even & Pharo, Helge (2009). Utenrikspolitikken etter den kalde krigen. In Lange, Even; Pharo, Helge & Østerud, Øyvind (Ed.), Vendepunkter i norsk utenrikspolitikk. Nye internasjonale vilkår etter den kalde krigen. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274773608. p. 7–26. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge & Danielsen, Helge (2009). Reception and Representation of the Marshall Plan in Norway. In Bischof, Günter & Stiefel, Dieter (Ed.), Images of the Marshall Plan in Europe. Films, Photographs, Exhibits, Posters. Studienverlag. ISSN 9783706548267. p. 87–106. Full text in Research Archive
• Engh, Sunniva & Pharo, Helge (2009). Nordic cooperation in providing development aid. In Götz, Norbert & Haggrén, Heidi (Ed.), Regional Cooperation and International Organizations. The Nordic model in transnational alignment. Routledge. ISSN 9780415459648. p. 112–130. Full text in Research Archive
• Niemi, Einar a; Halvorsen, Solveig; Halvorsen, Terje & Pharo, Helge (2009). Innledning. In Niemi, Einar a (Eds.), I politikkens irrganger. Festskrift til Knut Einar Eriksen. LO Media. ISSN 9788292611135. p. 11–20. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). Entrepreneurship and development aid. The case of the Indo-Norwegian fisheries project. In Pharo, Helge & Fraser, Monika Pohle (Ed.), The Aid Rush. Aid regimes in Northern Europe during the Cold War Volume 2. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274773806. p. 53–93. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). Reluctance, enthusiasm and indulgence: the expansion of bilateral Norwegian aid. In Pharo, Helge & Fraser, Monika Pohle (Ed.), The Aid Rush. Aid Regimes in Northern Europe during the Cold War Volume 1. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274772939. p. 53–89. Full text in Research Archive
• Fraser, Monika Pohle & Pharo, Helge (2008). Introduction. In Pharo, Helge & Fraser, Monika Pohle (Ed.), The Aid Rush. Aid Regimes in Northern Europe during the Cold War Volume 1. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274772939. p. 9–16. Full text in Research Archive
• Lange, Even & Pharo, Helge (2008). Have your Cake and Eat it too. National Policy and Private Interest in a Small Open Economy: The Case of Norway. In Müller, Margit & Myllyntaus, Timo (Ed.), Pathbreakers. Small European Countries Responding to Globalisation and Deglobalisation. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783039112142. p. 151–174. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2005). Den norske fredstradisjonen - et forskningsprosjekt. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 84(2), p. 239–255. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2005). Norway's Peace Tradition Spanning 100 Years. Scandinavian Review. ISSN 0098-857X. 93(1), p. 15–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2004). Post-Cold War Historiography in Norway. In Olesen, Thorsten B (Eds.), The Cold War - and the Nordic Countries. Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 97–142. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2003). Introduction. Contemporary European History. ISSN 0960-7773. 12(4), p. 387–394. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The introduction gives an outline of the formative period of Western development aid in the period 1958-1971, initiatives, structures, main problems, and dilemmas.

• Pharo, Helge (2003). Altruism, Security, and the Impact of Oil: Norway's Foreign Economic Assistance Policy, 1958-1971. Contemporary European History. ISSN 0960-7773. 12(4), p. 527–546. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article deals with Norway's development aid policies in the formative periode Western aid. It traces the origins of Norwegian aid back to the 1952 initiative for aid to India, motives and goals, the structure and geographic spread of foreign aid, the issues of bilateral versus multilateral aid, and development aid within the context of both Norwegian foreign policy and domestic politics.

• Pharo, Helge (2001). Norway's Search for Alternatives: The European Issue at Home and Abroad 1947 - 94, Bericht über das 9. deutsch-norwegische Historikertreffen in Meissen/Dresend 1988. Noges forskningsråd, Oslo. p. 63–73. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  ARtikkelen diskuterer de yttre rammebetingelser for norsk utenriksøkonomisk politikk etter annen verdenskrig, og den de nasjonale prosesser som ligger til grunn for politikken

• Pharo, Helge (1999). Utenriksøkonomi og europeisk integrasjon. In Prebensen, Chris & Skarland, Nils (Ed.), Nato 50 år. Norsk sikkerhetspolitikk med Nato gjennom 50 år. Den norske atlanterhavskomité, Oslo. ISSN 9788290161618. p. 150–178. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge & Liland, Frode (1999). Norge og striden om NATOs geografiske virkeområde. In Prebensen, Chris & Skarland, Nils (Ed.), Nato 50 år. Norsk sikkerhetspolitikk med Nato gjennom 50 år. Den norske atlanterhavskomité, Oslo. p. 179–207. Full text in Research Archive

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• Pharo, Helge Øystein; Østerud, Øyvind; Simensen, Jarle & Engh, Sunniva (2023). Kampen for en ordnet verden. Dreyer Forlag A/S. ISBN 9788282656375. 220 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge Øystein; Engh, Sunniva; Bjerga, Kjell Inge; Hatlehol, Gunnar D. & Offerdal, Kristine (2021). Historiker, strateg og brobygger. Festskrift til Rolf Tamnes 70 år. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253042534. 500 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian Ravn (2013). Saints and Sinners. Akademika forlag. ISBN 9788232102792. 403 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian (2013). Saints and Sinners. Official Development Aid and its Dynamics in a Historical and Comparative Perspective. Akademika forlag. ISBN 9788232102792. 403 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Fixdal, Mona Christine & Pharo, Helge (2012). Foreword. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137030535. 285 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Lange, Even; Pharo, Helge & Østerud, Øyvind (2009). Vendepunkter i norsk utenrikspolitikk. Nye internasjonale vilkår etter den kalde krigen. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274773608. 348 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Solveig; Halvorsen, Terje; Niemi, Einar & Pharo, Helge (2009). I politikkens irrganger. Festskrift til Knut Einar Eriksen. LO Media. ISBN 9788292611135. 331 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Lange, Even; Pharo, Helge & Østerud, Øyvind (2009). Vendepunkter i norsk utenrikspolitikk. Nye internasjonale vilkår etter den kalde krigen. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274773608. Full text in Research Archive
• Niemi, Einar a; Halvorsen, Solveig; Halvorsen, Terje & Pharo, Helge (2009). I politikkens irrganger. Festskrift til Knut Einar Eriksen. LO Media. ISBN 9788292611135. 321 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge & Fraser, Monika Pohle (2008). The Aid Rush. Aid Regimes in Northern Europe during the Cold War Volume 1. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274772939. 363 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge & Fraser, Monika Pohle (2008). The Aid Rush. Aid regimes in Northern Europe during the Cold War Volume 2. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274773806. 285 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Engelstad, Fredrik; Lange, Even; Pharo, Helge & Rudeng, Erik (2006). Demokratisk konservatisme. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253029092. 519 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge; Holtsmark, Sven G. & Tamnes, Rolf (2003). Motstrøms. Olav Riste og norsk internasjonal historieskrivning. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202218287. 509 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Holtsmark, Sven Gabriel; Pharo, Helge & Tamnes, Rolf (2003). Motstrøms. Olav Riste og norsk internasjonal historieskrivning. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202218287. 508 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Pharo, Helge Øystein (2022). Peace with a Human Rights Perspective: Asbjørn Eide. In Tønnesson, Stein (Eds.), Lives in Peace Research: The Oslo Stories. Springer Nature. ISSN 9789811647161. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-4717-8_6. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge Øystein (2019). Terje Tvedts historier :. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 98(2), p. 191–202. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2944-2019-02-05. Full text in Research Archive
• Vik, Hanne Hagtvedt & Pharo, Helge (2015). Hvordan skape og gjøre tilgjengelig muntlige kilder - erfaringer fra et prosjekt om norsk politisk kultur. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian (2013). Introduction. In Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian (Ed.), Saints and Sinners. Official Development Aid and its Dynamics in a Historical and Comparative Perspective. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232102792. p. 13–20. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2013). Side Show to Centre Stage: The Transformation of Norwegian Development Aid. In Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian (Ed.), Saints and Sinners. Official Development Aid and its Dynamics in a Historical and Comparative Perspective. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232102792. p. 51–88. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian Ravn (2013). Conclusion: Aid Norms, Foreign Policy and the Domestic Context. In Pharo, Helge; Olesen, Thorsten Borring & Paaskesen, Kristian (Ed.), Saints and Sinners. Official Development Aid and its Dynamics in a Historical and Comparative Perspective. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232102792. p. 329–365. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2012). The Global 1989: continuity and change in world politics. Cold War History. ISSN 1468-2745. 12(2), p. 374–375. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2009). Decolonization in Southeast Asia: The United States and the dissolution of the European colonial empires. Journal of American History. ISSN 0021-8723. 95(4), p. 1245–1245. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2009). Norway and the Creation of EFTA - the Best of all Worlds. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2009). Development Aid and the Norwegian Historical Experience: Promoting Growth and Project Values. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2009). The Nobel Peace Prize - Purpose, Principles and Politics. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). The Politics of the Nobel Peace Prize. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge & Danielsen, Helge (2008). Media Representations of the Marshall Plan in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). The Marshall Plan in Norway: Government Response and Media Representations. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). The Politics of Selecting og Nobel Peace Prize Winner. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). Finn Moe - A Norwegian European. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). Norwegians in East Africa - How to Call the Tune or How not to? Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2008). The Politics of the Nobel Peaze Prize. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2007). Om å møte seg selv i døren i oppdragsforskningens irrganger. Historisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0018-263X. 86, p. 277–287. Full text in Research Archive
• Engh, Sunniva & Pharo, Helge (2006). 'Scandinavian Aid Co-operation - Promises to Keep?'. Full text in Research Archive
• Danielsen, Helge; Notaker, Hallvard & Pharo, Helge (2006). Amerika i våre hjerter? USA og Norge etter 1945. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2006). Technological Change, Entrepreneurship and Bureaucratic Cooperation. The Case of the Indo-Norwegian Fisheries Project. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2006). International and Norwegian Development Aid since World War II. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2006). Dansk utenrikspolitikks historie b. 4 - En kritisk analyse. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2006). Entrepreneurship and development aid: The case of the Indo-Norwegian Fisheries Project. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2006). Norway and the United Nations. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2006). The Norwegians are coming: Donor urgency and perceptions of the recipients in the Indo-Norwegian Fisheries Project, 1952-1972. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2005). Norge i verden - en utenrikspolitisk tradisjon under press? Framtider. ISSN 0281-0492. p. 19–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2005). Den norske fredstradisjonen - et forskningsprosjekt. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2005). Indo-Norwegian fisheries project as entrepreneur. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2005). From non-alignment and isolationaism to global activism. An overview of independent Norway's foreign policy, 1905-2005. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2004). Fredstanken i norsk utenrikspolitikk i det 20. århundre. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2004). United and Divided. The Transatlantic Relationship 1945-2004. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2004). Norway 1905: A Peaceful Revolution? Causes and Consequences of the Dissolution of the Union with Sweden. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2003). Altruism, Security, and the Impact of Oil: Norway's Foreign Economic Assistance Policy, 1958-1971. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Lehmkuhl, Ursula, Pax Anglo-Americana: Machtstrukturelle Grundlagen anglo-amerikanischer Asien- und Fernostpolititik in den 1950er Jahren, München, 1999. Journal of American History. ISSN 0021-8723. 88(3), p. 1148–1149. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Norway's foreign relations since 1905. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Norway's foreign relations since 1905. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Foreign Aid, Peace and Stability: The Case of the 1952 Norwegian Initiative for Aid to India. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Have your cake and eat it too. National policy and private interest in an open economy: The case of Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Norway in the Cold War: A Historiographical Survey. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2001). Den utenrikspolitiske opposisjon i Norge 1945 - 65. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Vår nære fortid i fare. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kronikken tar opp de problemer som elektronisk lagring av arkivmateriale kan skape for så vel rettssikkerhet som for muligheter til å drive historisk forskning. Når det gjelder forskning dreier det seg både om materialets tilgjengelighet og mulig vridning av forskning som følge av endret materialtilgang. Kronikken tar opp forsøk som gjøres i Norge og USA på å sikre materiale som lagres elektronisk og understreker myndighetenes ansvar for å følge opp overgangen til elektronisk lagring med tilstrekkelige midler til at det kan gjøres på forsvarlig vis.

• Pharo, Helge (2000). Wayne Morse, International Law and the American Involvement in Vietnam. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Den utenrikspolitiske opposisjon i Norge 1945-65. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). De nordisk lands utenrikspolitikk etter annen verdenskrig. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Norsk utenrikspolitikk i historisk perspektiv. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). "Fisheries Development in India and Norwegian Foreign Aid: The Case of the Kerala Project. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Den utenrikspolitiske opposisjon i Norge 1945-65. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Norway, Foreign Aid and Decolonization 19445-95. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Norway and the European Integration Processes 1947-94. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (2000). Norway's Search for Alternatives: The European Issue at Home and Abroad 1947-94. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). Hovedtrekk ved norsk utenrikspolitikk etter annen verdenskrig. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). Norge og stor-EFTA på '50-tallet: Atlantisk versus europeisk orientering, selvråderett versus overnasjonalitet, proteksjonisme versus frihandel. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). Norsk utenrikspolititikk i historisk perspektiv. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). Forberedte kommentarer,panel E, The Promise of Alliance: The Origins and Meanings of NATO. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). The Economic Cooperation Administration in Oslo. Defending whose interests? Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). Forberedte kommentarer: De nordiska ländernas utrikeshandel och integrationspolitikk gentemot Västeuropa fram till EFTA-perioden. Full text in Research Archive
• Pharo, Helge (1999). Norway and the Dilemma of Joining International Organizations: The OEEC and the stillborn Nordic Union. Full text in Research Archive
• Fetscher, Eva; Pharo, Helge Øystein & Ziemann, Benjamin (2013). The Peace Prophet and the Iconoclast. The Chair in Conflict and Peace Research at the University of Oslo, 1963-1985. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Håkenstad, Magnus; Pharo, Helge & Tamnes, Rolf (2010). Den nest beste løsning : den norske mobiliseringshæren 1950-1968. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Second Best Solution: The Norwegian Mobilisation Army 1950-1968. This M.A. thesis in history introduces the term ”the second best solution” as a means towards understanding and analysing the development of the Norwegian army in its formative period during the first half of the cold war. This army, which was to remain the cornerstone of the Norwegian armed forces throughout the 20th century, was almost exclusively based on the rapid mobilisation of reserves. It included little in the way of professional soldiers or permanent active-duty units. The term “second best” also describes a central aspect of the army’s institutional self-perception, which may be described as a cross between an inferiority complex and a realistic appreciation of the inherent military weaknesses of the “nation in arms”. The thesis also explores the connection between this self- conception and the widespread perception of the “second best solution” as a uniquely Norwegian approach to uniquely Norwegian military problems. This notion of Norway as a military “special case” is the subject of a comparative analysis, which indicates that the Norwegian army indeed differed from its NATO allies. However, the analysis also indicates that the Norwegian mobilisation-based army can be described as just another version of a more widespread “small- state” approach, which could also be found in countries such as Sweden or Israel. The goal of this thesis is to analyse the Norwegian army in its historical context and as a product of contemporary Norwegian society. It therefore employs a broad selection of theory from relevant fields of study. The main argument is that the rather idiosyncratic Norwegian approach is best understood in terms of a range of factors, most of them structural in nature. Chief among these are: The complexity and scope of the possible military threats; the dominant societal preferences regarding the “natural and proper” tasks of the armed forces; and the limited resource base. The thesis is placed within the broader framework of historical writing on the subject, and also seeks to come to grips with some recent “postmodern” challenges to the more “traditional” scholarly approaches.

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