Ulrike Spring

• Spring, Ulrike (2021). Polar Waters in Metropolitan Space: Circulating Knowledge about the Ice-Free Arctic Ocean in Hamburg and Vienna, In Mitchell Ash (ed.),  Science in the Metropolis: Vienna in Transnational Context, 1848-1918.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-0-367-61258-0.  Chapter 6.  s 113 - 134
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2020). The Arctic, Germany and Austria-Hungary: Narrative Borders in Discourses around the Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition (1872–1874), In  German Representations of the Far North (17th-19th Centuries): Writing the Arctic.  Cambridge Scholars Publishing.  ISBN 1-5275-6022-8.  Chapter Eleven.  s 246 - 267
• Spring, Ulrike (2020). Cruise Tourists in Spitsbergen around 1900: Between Observation and Transformation. Nordlit.  ISSN 0809-1668.  (45), s 39- 55 . doi: https://doi.org/10.7557/13.5026 Vis sammendrag

  This article examines the early commodification of the Arctic, using emerging cruise tourism to Spitsbergen as an example. Its objective is to investigate how an Arctic tourism discourse emerged around 1900 and what its central characteristics were. Covering the period between 1893, when German Arctic cruise tourism took off, and 1914, the article argues that early cruise tourists drew on exploration, adventure and leisure discourses in order to frame their experiences. However, unlike explorers and explorer travellers (Laing and Frost 2014), they wished only to a limited extent to experience adventure themselves, or report transformative experiences due to the sublime landscape; rather, the travel narratives indicate that they were interested above all in observing adventure, this process being facilitated by the advanced technology and luxurious lifestyle of the cruise ships. As the article demonstrates, this ambivalence between images of a wild, uncontrolled and sublime Arctic and an Arctic controlled by modern technology and modern life helped to map the Arctic as a tourism space.

• Spring, Ulrike & Olsen, Marianne A (2020). En vanskelig forfatter? Å få Cora Sandel hjem til Tromsø. Norsk museumstidsskrift.  ISSN 2464-2525.  6(2), s 86- 100 . doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2464-2525-2020-02-03 Vis sammendrag

  Artikkelen tar for seg musealisering av forfatteren Cora Sandel (pseudonym for Sara Fabricius, 1880–1974) i Tromsø. Sandel bodde i Tromsø da hun var ungdom, og en rekke av hennes verk har sin handling herfra. Målet med artikkelen er å bidra i diskusjonen rundt hvordan en forfatter blir del av et steds identitet, og altså kommer ‘hjem’ i utvidet forstand. Utgangspunkt er den mediale diskursen fra 1974 til 2006, dvs. fra hun døde til hun fikk en gate oppkalt etter seg. Gjennomgangen av avisene viser at en større synliggjøring av Sandel i hele perioden har blitt diskutert, men bare delvis nådde frem. Analysen får frem fire hovedfortellinger som kan forklare hvorfor forsøk på å få Sandel ‘hjem’ ofte tok lang tid: 1) selv om hun ble ansett som viktig for byens identitet, var hun ikke viktig nok for å bli varig minnet, og andre fortellinger dominerte over hennes; 2) unge Sara, forfatteren Cora og hennes litterære figurer ble knyttet til kritiske syn på byen; dette ble forsterket av Saras sørnorske, borgerlige bakgrunn; 3) respekt for hennes privatsfære, etter Sandels egne ønsker; 4) kjønnsdimensjonen i en by der det ikke finnes noen statuer av navngitte kvinner og få veier har kvinnenavn. Til slutt kan man stille spørsmål om prosessen har blitt påvirket av at hun døde i en tid da bevissthet rundt nordnorsk identitet ble styrket.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2020). Hva kommuniseres i forfattermuseer?. Nordisk Museologi.  ISSN 1103-8152.  28(1), s 23- 41 . doi: 10.5617/nm.7965 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Writers’ museums often privilege the biographical person of the author rather than their literary works. Here we present a model which can be used not only as a method of analysis, but also as as an inspiration that can help create productive tensions in the exhibition of biography and works in author museums. Our departure point is that the writer’s museum is a double act of communication, or more precisely a museal act of communication about a literary act of communication. Using Roman Jakobson’s model of the communicative act, we show how museums make visible or hide different parts of the communications network, as well as what complicates this network. We use examples from the Strindberg Museum in Stockholm throughout to make an abstract argument more concrete, referring to other museums and exhibitions to provide breadth where solutions and traditions are concerned.

• Spring, Ulrike (2019). Die Inszenierung von Archivmaterial in musealisierten Dichterwohnungen, I: Klaus Kastberger; Stefan Maurer & Christian Neuhuber (red.),  Schauplatz Archiv. Objekt - Narrativ - Performanz.  Walter de Gruyter.  ISBN 978-3-11-065625-1.  kapittel.  s 141 - 155 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). The Melting Archive: The Arctic and the Archive’s Others, In Susi K. Frank & Kjetil Ansgar Jakobsen (ed.),  Arctic Archives: Ice, Memory and Entropy.  Transcript Verlag.  ISBN 978-3837646566.  Kapittel.  s 49 - 68
• Spring, Ulrike (2018). Die Arktis als Wiener Wissensraum. Öffentlichkeit und Wissenschaft im späten 19. Jahrhundert, I: Johannes Feichtinger; Marianne Klemun; Jan Surman & Petra Svatek (red.),  Wandlungen und Brüche. Wissenschaftsgeschichte als politische Geschichte.  Vienna University Press (WUV).  ISBN 978-3-8471-0914-3.  Kapitel.  s 311 - 316 Vis sammendrag

  Die Beziehung zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit ist häufig von Ungleichzeitigkeiten sowie von unterschiedlichen Autoritätsauffassungen und Kommunikationsstrategien geprägt. Der Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene Formen der Wissenszirkulation anhand der Rückkehr der österreichisch-ungarischen Polarexpedition nach Wien im September 1874. The relations between science and the public are often characterized by asynchronicities as well as differing understandings of authority and communication strategies. This contribution discusses various forms of knowledge circulation, using as a case study the return of the Austro-Hungarian polar expedition to Vienna in September 1874.

• Spring, Ulrike (2018). Tidlig cruiseturisme til Spitsbergen: dannelse, oppdagelse og fornøyelse. Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi.  ISSN 0065-0897.  150, s 85- 96
• Spring, Ulrike (2017). Early Mass Tourism at the North Cape: Infrastructure, Environment and Social Practices, In Heidi Hansson & Anka Ryall (ed.),  Arctic Modernities. The Environmental, the Exotic and the Everyday.  Cambridge Scholars Publishing.  ISBN 978-1-5275-0290-1.  Kap. 6.  s 130 - 157
• Klemun, Marianne & Spring, Ulrike (2016). Expeditions as Experiments: An Introduction, In Marianne Klemun & Ulrike Spring (ed.),  Expeditions as Experiments: Practising Observation and Documentation.  Palgrave Macmillan.  ISBN 978-1-137-58106-8.  1.  s 1 - 25
• Spring, Ulrike (2016). Arctic and European In-Betweens: The Production of Tourist Spaces in Late Nineteenth-Century Northern Norway, In Kate Hill (ed.),  Britain and the Narration of Travel in the Nineteenth Century: Texts, Images, Objects.  Ashgate.  ISBN 978-1-4724-5835-3.  1.  s 13 - 36
• Spring, Ulrike (2016). Materializing the Aurora Borealis: Carl Weyprecht and Scientific Documentation of the Arctic, In Marianne Klemun & Ulrike Spring (ed.),  Expeditions as Experiments: Practising Observation and Documentation.  Palgrave Macmillan.  ISBN 978-1-137-58106-8.  7.  s 141 - 162
• Østhus, Hanne & Spring, Ulrike (2016). Digging into Downstairs: Exhibiting Domestic Service. Museum & Society.  ISSN 1479-8360.  14(3), s 431- 445 . doi: 10.29311/mas.v14i3.655 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). The Useless Arctic: Exploiting Nature in the Arctic in the 1870s. Nordlit.  ISSN 0809-1668.  (35), s 13- 27 . doi: 10.7557/13.3423 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  What is the discursive genealogy of an ecological approach to the Arctic? Building on distinctions suggested by Francis Spufford and Gísli Pálsson, this article examines a specific juncture in the history of European–Arctic interaction – the reception of the Austro-Hungarian Arctic Expedition in 1874 – and traces the potential for ecological and relational understandings in what seems to be an orientalist and exploitative material. Examining the medial reception in Austria and in Norway, along with certain key texts in which Arctic wildlife is described, we find that the Norwegian reception of the expedition emphasizes practical issues connected with resource exploitation in the Arctic, while the Austrian reception mostly sees the Arctic as a symbolic resource with which to negotiate issues of identity and modernity. The Austrian discourse revolves around a set of paradoxical contradictions, the most central being those between materialism and idealism and emptiness and fullness; we argue it is the instability of such ambiguities which produces the possibility of a future ecological discourse.

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• Klemun, Marianne & Spring, Ulrike (ed.) (2016). Expeditions as Experiments: Practising Observation and Documentation. Palgrave Macmillan.  ISBN 978-1-137-58106-8.  294 s. Vis sammendrag

  Examines a variety of case studies and demonstrates how expeditions have uniquely contributed to scientific understanding where the laboratory could not Presents the traditional expedition as a variation of the laboratory environment for scientific discoveries Explores the ways expeditions have contributed to modern scientific analysis

• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Passagiere des Eises: Polarhelden und arktische Diskurse 1874. Böhlau.  ISBN 978-3-205-79606-0.  719 s. Vis sammendrag

  Die österreichisch-ungarische Nordpolexpedition (1872-1874) entdeckte nicht nur das Franz-Joseph-Land, sie setzte auch kurzfristig Österreich-Ungarn als Staat mit polaren Interessen auf die europäische Karte des späten 19. Jahrhun- derts. Die Rückkehr der Polarfahrer von Vardø in Norwegen über Hamburg nach Wien im September 1874 war von einer umfassenden europaweiten medialen Aufmerksamkeit begleitet. Insbesondere in Wien sollte in den folgenden Wochen die Expedition zu einem Mikrokosmos der Monarchie stilisiert und zum Mittelpunkt aktueller sozialer, politischer und kultureller Diskurse werden. Die vorliegende Monographie ist die erste ausführliche kulturwissenschaftliche Arbeit über die Expedition. Sie unterscheidet sich von vorangegangen Arbeiten durch ihren Fokus auf den Empfang sowie die europäische Rezeption der Expedition.

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• Gfrereis, Heike; Neundlinger, Helmut; Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2020). Literature, Exhibitions and Communication: A Conversation. Nordisk Museologi.  ISSN 1103-8152.  28(1), s 91- 102 . doi: 10.5617/nm.7976 Vis sammendrag

  Informed by her competence in literature and the theory and practice of exhibitions, Heike Gfrereis is Head of the Museum Department at the Archive of German Literature in Marbach, and curator of many literary exhibitions. Helmut Neundlinger, curator of the W. H. Auden Memorial Museum in Kirchstetten, is a writer, researcher and critic working at the Center for Museum Collections Management at the Danube University Krems and the literary collection of Lower Austria. The following “exchange of knowledge” between them and two researchers in the TRAUM– Transforming Author Museums project took place in Oslo in 2019. We discuss the desire to exhibit literature and not only biography, how one can free oneself from objects and how objects can create freedom, how to unlearn received notions of literature, the importance of interaction and play, what can make authors difficult to exhibit, and the economic realities of exhibiting literature.

• Ravn, Helle Christine; Spring, Ulrike & Olsen, Marianne A (2020, 11. desember). Intervju med artikkelforfatterne Marianne A. Olsen og Ulrike Spring om “En vanskelig forfatter? Å få Cora Sandel hjem til Tromsø” i siste utgave av Norsk museumstidsskrift. [Internett].  museumsforbundet.no.
• Spring, Ulrike (2020). Commentary on Ernst Hamm: Alpine Science: More Than Getting There First.
• Spring, Ulrike (2020). Taking the North back home: Souvenirs around 1900.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2020). A Neoromantic Goose in the Writer’s Home Museum.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2020). Biografi og verk. Kommunikasjonsprosesser i forfattermuseer. En introduksjon. Nordisk Museologi.  ISSN 1103-8152.  28(1), s 4- 7 . doi: 10.5617/nm.7957
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2020). Hva kommuniseres i forfattermuseer?.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2020). Receding Ice Limits: A Historical-Rhetorical Genealogy. Vis sammendrag

  In 1873, the Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition discovered Franz Josef Land. Viennese journalists fantasized rhetorically about extending imperial borders into the Arctic, commenting on social and political tensions within the dual monarchy rather than desiring to colonize a useless Arctic. Their images however built on 19th-century perceptions of the Arctic as a (possibly open) polar sea hidden by impenetrable barriers of ice. Ice limits shifted topographically with year and season, defined the structure of heroic exploration narratives, and functioned as epistemological barriers. Trying out new techniques and debunking the open sea theory, the expedition helped move exploration from the oceanosphere to the cryosphere. Today, discourse on ice limits signifies the melting of the Arctic, economic opportunities and climate change. For some, a navigatable “open sea” gives liquidity to capital; for others, receding ice destroys a natural environment and becomes a catastrophic global tipping point. Analyzing texts and images from the 19th and 21st centuries, we show that Arctic, Danube and Alpine ice is not only a question of physical topographies, but also a changing rhetorical figuring of borders, lines, zones and thresholds, and that genealogical understanding of these discourses will enable action.

• Vestrheim, Heidi Marie & Spring, Ulrike (2020, 05. desember). Lørdagsliv: Oppdagelse. [Radio].  NRK Radio.
• Dvergsdal, Alvhild; Olsen, Marianne A.; Spring, Ulrike; Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Fulsås, Narve (2019). Den vanskelige forfatteren. Vis sammendrag

  Siden 1800-tallet har vi hedret skjønnlitterære forfattere gjennom utstillinger og museer. Men hva skjer når det kommer fram at noen sider ved forfatteren ikke er så beundringsverdige? I dag avsløres kjente historiske forfattere for deres holdninger. Noen passer ikke inn i lokale og nasjonale fortellinger eller blir rett og slett ikke lenger lest. Hvordan skal vi utstille de «vanskelige» forfatterne? Alvhild Dvergsdal fra Hamsunsenteret, Marianne A. Olsen fra Perspektivet Museum, Ulrike Spring fra Høgskulen på Vestlandet/Universitetet i Oslo og Narve Fulsås fra Universitetet i Tromsø innleder til debatt. Ordstyrer: Johan Schimanski fra Universitetet i Oslo

• Pettersen, Egil Jens; Spring, Ulrike & Olsen, Marianne (2019, 21. mai). Hva gjør vi med den vanskelige forfatteren?. [Radio].  NRK Troms.
• Spring, Ulrike (2019). Finding a common scientific language: the Aurora Borealis and the first International Polar Year.
• Spring, Ulrike (2019). I Bokhylla: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak: Can the Subaltern Speak?. Fortid.  ISSN 1504-1913.
• Spring, Ulrike (2019). Spa Spitsbergen: the healing powers of the Arctic. Vis sammendrag

  The archipelago of Spitsbergen became a popular tourist destination in the last decade of the 19th century. Cruise ships brought hundreds of tourists from all over the world to the islands every summer. Several of them published travel reports or gave public lectures after their journey. A theme frequently mentioned was the fresh and clean air of the Arctic and its potential as a healing environment. This ties in with health discourses of the time, which saw a growing number of spas in Europe as a response to urbanization, industrialization and new medical knowledge. In my presentation I will look closer at this 'cleansing' role of Spitsbergen and its interplay with travellers' images of the Arctic as a place of potential physical and mental healing.

• Spring, Ulrike (2019). Turisme og imperialisme i polare farvann. Luksusturisme til Spitsbergen på slutten av 1800-tallet. Filologen.  ISSN 0807-9250.  (2), s 4- 7
• Spring, Ulrike (2019). Walfang, Walzer und Wissenschaft: Tourismus in Spitzbergen um 1900. Vis sammendrag

  Organisierter Tourismus zum Nordkapp begann in den 1870er Jahren und entwickelte sich zu einer beliebten Reiseroute für europäische Reisende im folgenden Jahrzehnt. In den 1890er Jahren führten die Touren zunehmend auch nach Spitzbergen, teilweise auf großen Kreuzschiffen mit Platz für mehrere hundert Menschen. Reisebeschreibungen dieser frühen Touristen zeigen, dass die Touren als eine Kombination von Unterhaltung, wissenschaftlicher Investigation und Abenteuer wahrgenommen wurden. Spitzbergen wurde somit zu einer Projektionsfläche für unterschiedlichste Interessen, die Touristen zu Pionieren, die den Diskurs über die Inseln und die europäische Arktis bis in die Gegenwart mitprägen sollten. Der Vortrag wird Ausgangspunkt in deutschsprachigen Reiseberichten um 1900 nehmen und die verschiedensten Vorstellungen über und Erwartungen an die Arktis analysieren. Diese Periode ist insbesondere interessant, als hier polartouristische Diskurse erst geschaffen werden mussten und in ständigem Dialog mit wissenschaftlichen Expeditionen (etwa Versuchen, den Nordpol zu erreichen), Bildern der unbekannten Arktis (Land oder Wasser am Nordpol?) und touristisch etablierten Strukturen (die meisten Reisenden waren erfahrene Touristen) entstanden.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). Das trans/nationale Dichterheim. Vis sammendrag

  SchriftstellerInnenmuseen oder DichterInnenheime zeichnen sich gerne durch einen hagiographischen Zugang aus, in dem die SchriftstellerInnen in einem spezifischen nationalen Kontext verortet werden. Literatur, Kultur und Territorium werden in dieser Ausstellungspraxis zu einer Einheit; die gelebte Realität der Autorin als Reisende und die übernationale Popularität ihrer Literatur wird hingegen vernachlässigt. Der Vortrag wird Ausgangspunkt in verschiedensten musealen Repräsentationen von Autor und Literatur nehmen, diese auf ihr transnationales Potenzial untersuchen und dadurch neue Sichtweisen auf die Darstellung nationaler SchriftstellerInnen eröffnen. Als Beispiele dienen ungarische sowie andere europäische Museen.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). Exhibiting Transnational Mobility in the Author Museum. Vis sammendrag

  Author museums have long been associated with national narratives, yet with the increased awareness of the transnational mobility of authors, readers, visitors, literature and objects, museums have begun to focus more on international, transnational and cosmopolitan dimensions in their exhibitions. Indeed, author mobility has resulted in a number of old and new author museums situated outside the authors’ countries of origin. Within the research project TRAUM – Transforming Author Museums, financed by the Research Council of Norway, we (a historian with curatorial experience and a researcher in comparative literature) have developed an approach to literary exhibitions based around the idea that such exhibitions always involve (at least) a double act of communication. Literary exhibitions are messages sent from their curators to their visitors about messages sent from authors to readers. Using this simple model, we can understand better how author museums – for example the Strindberg Museum in Stockholm, or the Strindberg Museum in Saxen in Upper Austria – exhibit transnational mobilities on many different levels and concerning many different actors, texts, objects and spaces. At the same time this rather reductive model of communication – as contemporary exhibitionary strategies make us aware – can be a key to understanding its own distorting limitations and productive paradoxes. Who is the Strindberg Museum in Saxen for – tourists cycling along the Danube and literary pilgrims, Swedish or Austrian or other? Or for local school students doing projects on Strindberg? Does the enlarged photograph of the local stone formations that inspired Strindberg’s visions in Inferno lead to the marked path near the museum, in the local and Austrian landscape, or to the book by the Swedish and cosmopolitan author on his time in both Paris and Saxen?

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). Literatur ausstellen.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). Typologie von Dichterwohnungen.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). kunnskapsutveksling, framtidig permanent Cora Sandel-utstilling.
• Tennøe, Arthur; Spring, Ulrike; Undheim, Inger; Ryall, Anka; Aarbakke, Thea & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2019). Å stille ut litteratur og forfattere. Vis sammendrag

  Hvorfor besøker vi utstillinger om forfattere og litteratur? Det finnes flere og flere forfattermuseer og forfattersentre i Norge, og bibliotekene lager regelmessig litteraturutstillinger. Er vi først og fremst opptatt av forfatterens liv eller forfatterens tekster når vi besøker slike utstillinger? Kan slike utstillinger brukes som møtesteder og bidra til et demokratisk samfunn? Hvilke strategier bruker museer, sentre og biblioteker når de stiller ut litteratur og forfattere, og hvorfor? Lesning av forfatter Elizabeth Beanca Halvorsen, innlegg av Ulrike Spring fra Høgskulen på Vestlandet/Universitetet i Oslo, Arthur Tennøe fra Nasjonalbiblioteket, Inger Undheim fra Garborgsenteret, Thea Aarbakke fra Høgskulen på Vestlandet, og panelsamtale (ordstyrer: Arthur Tennøe) med Thea Aarbakke, Inger Undheim, Ulrike Spring, Anka Ryall fra Universitetet i Tromsø Norges arktiske universitet, og Johan Schimanski fra Universitetet i Oslo.

• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2018). The Glocal in Literary Exhibitions.
• Spring, Ulrike (2018). Grey, Blue and Green in a Nordic Perspective.
• Spring, Ulrike (2018). Tracing Tourism Discourse: discovering Spitsbergen around 1900. Vis sammendrag

  Organised tourism to the European North started in the late 19th century and included travels on cruise ships to the North Cape, to Spitsbergen and even to Franz Joseph Land. The early tourists were pioneers. Particularly the rhetoric of the hunting and cruise ship tours to Spitsbergen were characterized by the topos of „being first“: the first cruise ships journeying so far North, the first time that so many tourists travelled North, and the first time that a hotel was built in Spitsbergen. Being first also meant that there hardly existed any tourist descriptions of the Arctic. As a consequence, most tourists had to refer to polar expedition and scientific reports for knowledge of the Arctic. At the same time, most of them were experienced tourists, having visited other touristic places before, and could base themselves on increasingly standardized tourist discourses. In this presentation I will focus on late 19th-century travel reports written by cruise ship tourists from German-speaking countries. The reports indicate that the journeys were perceived as a combination of adventurous expedition, scientific journey and leisure trip; the photographs accompanying these reports affirm this. During the first decade of cruise ship tourism, a distinct tourism discourse of the North emerged, showing traces that we may still recognize in marketing material of the tourism industry today. In the past years, significant work has been published on Arctic travels in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Whereas most of these works focus on single writers and experiences, this paper will focus on cruise ship tourists during a specific juncture in time – when organised tourism to the North emerged – and trace the development of the Arctic tourism discourse until the early 20th century, with the surfacing of early mass tourism. Questions I wish to address include: How was the tourists’ theoretical knowledge of the Arctic mediated in the encounter with the factual Arctic? What kind of images of the North did the tourists focus on, and at what point did they actually arrive in the “North”?

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan (2018). Who speaks in the Author Museum? Finding intentions and authority in literary exhibitions. Vis sammendrag

  We will be presenting the research project TRAUM – Transforming Author Museums, and taking our departure point in various examples, discussing 1. how author museums can be both read as historical sources to authors’ intentions and themselves be read as intended texts, 2. how Author museums can focus on the contemporary and historical intentions of the Authors and exhibition producers, and 3. how author museums can give authority to specific authors and texts in canonization processes.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2018). Arctic Southerners: Ethnonyms, Languages and Qualities in the Reception of the Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition in the 1870s and Today. Vis sammendrag

  While the Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition of 1872-1874 has often been eclipsed by the expeditions of Franklin, Nansen, Amundsen and Scott within the global imagination, it was widely reported in the newspapers and popular press of the time and has later been the subject of numerous accounts, polar histories, scientific publications, paintings, novels etc. The expedition thus constitutes a major discursive event, lying at the epicentre of an extended media complex spreading out across history and through different forms, genres and planes of discourse. Scenes, characters and narratives have been repeated in different contexts and are thus subject to what Foucault has called “material repeatability”: the ability of the same material signifier to appear in different discourses, often signifying quite different things in each case. The negotiation of cultural identities is an important element in the discourse of Arctic expeditions, as it is in many other types of discourse. The Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition media complex involves very many cultural identities, along with identities of class, gender, etc. This mirrors the multicultural make-up of both the expedition and of the producers of discourse on the expedition. Here we concentrate on aspects of one part of the complicated structure of cultural identities, namely that involving the seamen, who are various described as coming mostly from a geographical space stretching over part of the NE coast of the Adriatic, including Trieste, the Istrian peninsula, the islands of Kvarner Bay, and the Dalmatian coast and islands. On the return of the expedition in 1874, their identities were articulated through ethnonyms, languages and the ascription of specific qualities; we argue that the medial discourse of the time can be related to negotiations of national identity and changes in language policies within the Austro-Hungarian double monarchy. In the latter half of the 20th Century and the early 21st Century, quite disparate notions of the seamen’s identities have developed in representations of the expedition in book and web media, again within the context of transformed perceptions of national identity.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2018). Ghostly Voices in the Author Museum. Vis sammendrag

  When we visit an author museum, especially an author’s home, the objects and rooms suggest to us the author who has lived there. The author will have seen, touched or used many of the objects, but the author’s body is itself not present. It is as if the author haunts the house of the author museum, yet we do not feel afraid or uncomfortable. In this paper we will take as our departure point two ghost stories in Selma Lagerlöf’s Löwensköldska ringen, and discuss the many-layered narratives, intentions, heritages, identities, temporalities and presentation strategies which author’s home museums, like the ghost stories, involve. Using Selma Lagerlöf’s Mårbacka and other examples of authors’ homes and literary museums, we will ask how the author’s home uses such multi-layering to create authority, how such multilayering may allow the museum to open itself to transformation, and whether a focus on the spectral is a way of counteracting tendencies to make the museum into a monument or memorial to the author? We will also be be arguing for the potential to understand the author’s home through the author’s texts: in Selma Lagerlöf’s case especially in the way she describes care, inheritance, hospitality and hauntings in the many houses which figure in her fictions.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2018). Ghostly Voices in the Author Museum. Vis sammendrag

  When we visit an author museum, especially an author’s home, the objects and rooms suggest to us the author who has lived there. The author will have seen, touched or used many of the objects, but the author’s body is itself not present. It is as if the author haunts the house of the author museum, yet we do not feel afraid or uncomfortable. In this lecture we will take as our departure point two ghost stories in Selma Lagerlöf’s Löwensköldska ringen, and discuss the many-layered narratives, intentions, heritages, identities, temporalities and presentation strategies which author’s home museums, like the ghost stories, involve. Using Mårbacka and other examples of authors’ homes and literary museums, we will ask how the author’s home uses such multi-layering to create authority, how such multilayering may allow the museum to open itself to transformation, and whether a focus on the spectral is a way of counteracting tendencies to make the museum into a monument or memorial to the author? We will also be be arguing for the potential to understand the author’s home through the author’s texts: in Selma Lagerlöf’s case especially in the way she describes care, inheritance, hospitality and hauntings in the many houses which figure in her fictions.

• Spring, Ulrike & Spring, Ulrike (2018). Das Schriftstellermuseum als Archiv: Reflexionen zur Inszenierung biographischer und literarischer Narrative.
• Spring, Ulrike & Spring, Ulrike (2018). «Er Strindberg svensk eller østerriksk? Nasjonale forfattermuseer og transnasjonale forfattere».
• Auestad, Inger & Spring, Ulrike (2017). Skal HVL lykkes med sine akademiske ambisjoner, må det satses på kvinnene!. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike (2017). Is There an Open Sea at the North Pole? Arctic Debates in Vienna and Hamburg in the 1870s. Vis sammendrag

  In the nineteenth century, many parts of the Arctic were still undiscovered, with the topographical nature of the North Pole being the greatest enigma. Scientists debated whether the Pole was surrounded by open sea, by solid ice or by land. This discussion was rekindled when the Austro-Hungarian polar expedition returned from the Arctic in 1874. Following its spectacular discovery of hitherto unknown land, Franz Josef Land, it suggested that there was no open sea North of the islands. In the weeks following the expedition’s return, knowledge about the Arctic and the open sea theory was circulated across Europa, especially in metropolitan spaces. Ideas and theories about the Arctic were debated in a wide variety of physical spaces, including coffee houses, newspapers and geographical societies. I will in this paper focus on two cities where the expedition on its return was lavishly celebrated: Hamburg and Vienna. I will examine the way the various physical spaces where the Arctic was debated allowed for varying degrees of authority and evidence. As I will show, the different identifications with polar science in these two cities led to different appropriations, adaptations and interpretations of the North Pole question. In fact, the debate was to become entangled with narratives and imaginaries of the metropolitan spaces, making the problem of the Arctic open sea in effect a metropolitan one.

• Spring, Ulrike (2017). Kommentar til Åsmund Svendsen: "Arkivet. En beretning om det norske riksarkivet 1817-2017".
• Spring, Ulrike (2017). Tourism and Adventure: Cruises to Svalbard in the Late XIX Century. Vis sammendrag

  In the 1890s, cruise tourism to Spitsbergen became popular, with German-speaking Central Europeans constituting a major group of travellers. Sources speak of several hundred people embarking on modern and luxurious steamers to the North. At the same time, journeys to the North were expensive, and only the wealthy few could afford them. Visiting Spitsbergen thus was both an exclusive experience and a sign of early mass tourism. Early cruise tours were situated in an ambivalent space between risk (the unknown Arctic) and safety (trusted modern transport). They thus shared features with today’s adventure tourism, a form of special interest tourism that has become popular in recent decades. A major focus in scholarly debate on adventure tourism has been the paradox that tourists want to have a ‘safe adventure’, with little actual risk. I would like to take this discussion as a starting point and examine to which extent early cruise tourism to Spitsbergen applied practices known from today’s adventure tourism. I will investigate this by focusing on two sources from the last decades of the 19th century: the travel narratives of cruise tourists and the marketing strategies of travel agents. The paper thus will contribute to a deeper understanding of the concepts of risk and adventure in early mass tourism, and of tourist perceptions and conceptions of the Arctic in general and Svalbard in particular. Arguably, early tourism to the North lay the foundation for Arctic tourism as we know it today.

• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2017). The Museum of Transnational Literature.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2017). The Museum of Transnational Literature.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2017). Uses of the Arctic: Resources and Discourses.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2016). About the research project TRAUM – Transforming Author Museums.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2016). Litteraturmuseum i Europa i eit kritisk-teoretisk perspektiv.
• Spring, Ulrike (2016). Arktis som internasjonalt sted: Cruiseturisme til Spitsbergen rundt 1900.
• Spring, Ulrike (2016). Die Anfänge des Kreuzfahrttourismus nach Spitzbergen. Zwischen Unterhaltungs- und Entdeckungsreise.
• Spring, Ulrike (2016). Mette Bunting og Toril Jenssen: Nordlysfront. Hverdag og vitenskap 1898-1928. Historisk Tidsskrift (Norge).  ISSN 0018-263X.  95(2), s 298- 300
• Spring, Ulrike (2016). The Arctic on the Move: travelling to the North c. 1900. Vis sammendrag

  What defined the Arctic in the 19th century? And where was the Arctic? For most European travellers in the 19th century the Arctic was a faraway place which began on crossing the polar circle. Once crossed, one entered a different topographical and temporal zone: As the degrees crept downward on the temperature scale, mobility slowed down. The hectic life of European urbanized life was left behind and a view on nature and culture as immobile and non-moving opened up. I will discuss various perceptions the travellers had of the North and how they related them to ideas of the mobile and the immobile, e.g. actively observing and analysing the seemingly static Northern landscape, or regarding the people living in the North as lagging behind culturally. However, as many mobility researchers have pointed out, the mobile and the immobile are inextricably intertwined: Hence the North turned out to be on the move, with the travellers staying put on the ship. Allocating concepts of either the mobile or the immobile to Northern nature or culture thus meant to produce specific notions of power relations. Moreover, it anticipated a perspective on the Arctic which is present today and which defines it as a kind of alterity, set apart from the rest of the world.

• Spring, Ulrike (2016). The Urban Arctic: Popularizing Polar Science in European Cities in the 1870. Vis sammendrag

  The lecture takes as its starting point the welcome celebrations of the scientific Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in 1874. Media across Europe published enthusiastic essays and illustrations on the expedition, and the cities of Bergen, Hamburg, Vienna and Budapest organised public celebrations. The lecture discusses the role science had in these welcoming celebrations and discerns various spaces in which science was popularized and disseminated. It shows in particular how these different spaces were used to negotiate political, cultural and social tensions in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.

• Spring, Ulrike & Østhus, Hanne (2016). Blogg: Vestlandsk identitet – hva er det?. Krohnargument.no.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Blogg: Hvem oppdaget Frans Josefs land?. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Blogg: Hvorfor ble kvinnene hjemme?. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Blogg: Når begynte en å tenke økologisk om Arktis?. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Blogg: Polarforskning i demokratiseringens tjeneste. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Buchpräsentation: Passagiere des Eises. Vis sammendrag

  Zu diesem etwas anderen Literarischen Salon kommen die Historikerin Ulrike Spring von der Hochschule Sogn og Fjordane und der Literaturwissenschaftler Johan Schimanski von der Universität Oslo und präsentieren ihr Buch Passagiere des Eises, Polarhelden und arktische Dis- kurse 1874. Das Buch hat die österreichisch-ungarische Nordpolexpedition (1872-1874) zum Thema und betrachtet diese unter einem kulturwissenschaftlichen Blickpunkt. Die Polarfahrer erregten europaweit beträchtliche mediale Aufmerksamkeit, und nicht zuletzt warf die Expedition we- sentliche soziale, politische und kulturelle Fragen auf.

• Schimanski, Johan Henrik & Spring, Ulrike (2015). Buchpräsentation: Passagiere des Eises.
• Schimanski, Johan Henrik; Spring, Ulrike & Braunsperger, Gudrun (2015, 14. januar). Dimensionen - die Welt der Wissenschaft: Pioniere der Arktis. Der mediale Nachhall der österreichisch-ungarischen Nordpolexpedition. [Radio].  ORF Ö1 (Österreichischer Rundfunk, Radio Österreich 1). Vis sammendrag

  Im Sommer des Jahres 1872 brach die "Admiral Tegetthoff", ein Expeditionsschiff unter der Leitung der von Carl Weyprecht und Julius Payer ins nördliche Eismeer auf, um die Durchfahrt der bislang unbekannten Nordostpassage, der Strecke von Europa nach Ostasien, zu erkunden. Wenige Tage nach der Abfahrt blieb das Schiff westlich von Nowaja Semlja im Packeis stecken und wurde nach Nordwesten in bis dato unbekannte Polarregionen abgetrieben. Man stieß auf Land, erkundete und kartierte es und benannte es mit Verweis auf die Herkunft des österreich-ungarischen Entdeckertruppe "Franz-Josef-Land". Im Frühjahr 1874 entschloss sich die Expeditionsleitung schließlich, das Schiff im Eis zurückzulassen: Auf abenteuerlichem Weg gelang die Rückkehr nach Europa: Die 24-köpfige Mannschaft hatte nur einen Todesfall zu beklagen. Die Rückfahrt von der norwegischen Küste über Hamburg nach Wien wurde zum Medienereignis, die Ankunft in Wien blieb wochenlang im Mittelpunkt sozialer, politischer und kultureller Aufmerksamkeit. Die Rezeption dieses Ereignisses im nationalen und internationalen Diskurs erschließt ein Stück europäischer Kulturgeschichte.

• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 17. januar). Als eine österreichisch-ungarische Polarexpedition die Massen begeisterte.  Der Standard. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Blogg: Byer og vitenskap. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Blogg: Når fusjon blir tatt bokstavelig og metaforer overtar. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Contribution to Roundtable "The History of Science and the History of Exploration: Perspectives on a Changing Relationship.".
• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). Forscher als Helden: Polar-Expedition begeisterte Wien.  Die Presse. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Hans Jakob Ågotnes, Randi Barndon, Asbjørn Engevik, Torunn Selberg: Når industrisamfunnet blir verdensarv.. Historisk Tidsskrift (Norge).  ISSN 0018-263X.  94(4), s 673- 677
• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Mat på polarekspedisjoner.
• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Materialisation and Documentation of the Aurora in the 19th Century.
• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). Medienhype in der Monarchie: Polar-Expedition begeisterte Wien.  Tiroler Tageszeitung. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). Medienhype in der Monarchie: Polar-Expedition begeisterte Wien. [Internett].  APA-Science (Austria Presse Agentur). Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015). Moving Colour in the Sky: The art of making the aurora borealis tangible.
• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). "Passagiere des Eises": Medienhype in der Monarchie um Polarexpedition. [Internett].  Salzburg24.at. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). "Passagiere des Eises": Medienhype in der Monarchie um Polarexpedition. [Internett].  Vorarlberg Online. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). “Passagiere des Eises”: Medienhype in der Monarchie um Polarexpedition. [Internett].  Vienna Online. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015, 13. januar). Rückkehrer von Polarexpedition als Stars. [Internett].  science.ORF.at (Österreichischer Rundfunk). Vis sammendrag

  Intervju med utgångspunkt i Johan Schimanski og Ulrike Spring, Passagiere des Eises (2015).

• Spring, Ulrike (2015). The Mobility of the Immobile: the North Cape as Tourist Destination around 1900.
• Spring, Ulrike & Kyrkjebø Johansen, Stine (2015, 08. desember). Forskingsprosjekt får støtte. [Radio].  NRK Sogn og Fjordane.
• Spring, Ulrike & Kyrkjebø Johansen, Stine (2015, 08. desember). Ni millionar for å forske på forfattarmuseum. [Internett].  NRK Sogn og Fjordane.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Blogg: Arktisk luft. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Blogg: Arktisk luft. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Blogg: Hvem oppdaget Frans Josefs land?. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Blogg: Isbjørn og boiled beef: 1800-tallets polarmat. Forskning.no.  ISSN 1891-635X.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Blogg: Når begynte vi å tenke økologisk om Arktis?. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Blogg: Polarforskning i demokratiseringens tjeneste. Krohnargument.no.
• Spring, Ulrike & Schimanski, Johan Henrik (2015). Borders between the Arctic and Central Europe.
• Spring, Ulrike & Sårheim, Ståle (2015). Blogg: Bokslepp på Wien Museum. Krohnargument.no.
• Schimanski, Johan & Spring, Ulrike (2014). Zygmunt Bauman's Liquid Modernity and the Arctic.
• Spring, Ulrike (2014). A Modern Adventure? Tourism to the North around 1900.
• Spring, Ulrike (2014). Arctic Icons, Satire, and Science in Late 19th Century Central Europe. Vis sammendrag

  The Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition returned to huge welcome festivities in Vienna in 1874. Hundreds of articles and many illustrations were printed in the urban press, among them many with satirical content: these were published both in satirical journals and sensationalist newspapers and in respectable papers with a self-understanding as conveyers of scientific knowledge to a learned public. Satire in these texts and caricatures was in particular directed at well-known arctic icons such as icebergs, polar bears, and the aurora. I argue that these icons were not only used as representations of the Arctic but also as ironic remarks on contemporary political and social life in the monarchy. Viennese media are particularly interesting in this respect as they had a significant role in negotiating and defining contemporary discourses on culture, politics and science in the double monarchy. The paper thus contributes to discussions on the interrelations between scientific and popular knowledge in the late 19th century and to the still marginal literature on the relevance of the Arctic and its phenomena in continental European culture. The paper attempts to show that satirical representations of objects of scientific inquiry not only helped produce and disseminate scientific knowledge, but indeed also had a formative effect on society in general.

• Spring, Ulrike (2014). Blogg: Med historiestudentene til Wien. Krohnargument.no.

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