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NorPol: L2 Communication among Polish migrants in Norway (completed)

The project examines factors that enhance or inhibit communication between Poles and Norwegians in workplace interaction. 

A man and a woman wearing helmets on the workplace. Photo.

About the project

Language skills are often assumed to be crucial for success in working life. The project "Second-language communication in workplace settings — the case of Polish migrants in Norway (NorPol)" highlights the importance of language and communication for understanding inclusion and exclusion in professional settings.

One of the central dimensions of our contemporary working life is the object of study: the communication involving speakers of Norwegian as their second language (L2). More specifically, we look into the case of Polish migrants in Norway. Being the largest migrant group in Norway, speaking a first language (L1) in many ways structurally different from Norwegian, Poles constitute an important case to gain better knowledge of the interplay between language skills and integration.

The project sets out to investigate socio-cultural, interactional and linguistic factors that enhance or inhibit communication between Poles and Norwegians, by asking questions like:

  • Which types of linguistic practices are especially challenging for Polish L2 speakers of Norwegian?
  • What are the characteristics of Poles' L2 Norwegian when communicating, and how does this communicative style affect communication and social relations?
  • To what extent do different stereotypes of Poles and Norwegians affect negotiations of legitimacy and agency in interaction?

We also involve Norwegian L1 speakers by asking how they design their utterances in order to ascertain adequate comprehension in professional settings involving Poles.

By providing knowledge of the factors that enhance or inhibit communication, with an emphasis on workplace interaction, the project is likely to have impact on policy and practice pertaining to inclusion, welfare and secure working life for all citizens.

Objectives

Primary objective 

Which socio-cultural, interactional and linguistic factors enhance or inhibit communication in Norwegian workplace interaction between Poles and Norwegians?

Secondary objectives

  1. To identify and explain communication styles and linguistic patterns when Poles use Norwegian as their second language (L2) in and across professional settings
  2. To evaluate what aspects of Poles' use of their L2 that account for (un)successful communication
  3. To examine how the L2 speakers cope with communication challenges, and how their interlocutors contribute to mutual understanding
  4. To explore the role of attitudes and negotiation of identity in situated interaction
  5. To extend knowledge about the character of intercultural interactions in professional settings
  6. To suggest implementation of the findings in Norwegian L2 training aimed primarily at workplace communication.

Financing

Research council of Norway, FRIPRO scheme.

Duration

2020-2024.

Cooperation

The Text Laboratory

NorPol Closing Conference

Time and place: Oct. 24, 2024 11:00 AM – 5:30 PM, Litteraturhuset, Oslo

The NorPol project (Second-language communication in workplace settings — the case of Polish migrants in Norway) has investigated socio-cultural, interactional and linguistic factors that enhance or inhibit communication between Poles and Norwegians, by asking questions like:

  • Which types of linguistic practices are especially challenging for Polish L2 speakers of Norwegian?
  • What are the characteristics of Poles' L2 Norwegian when communicating, and how does this communicative style affect communication and social relations?
  • To what extent do different stereotypes of Poles and Norwegians affect negotiations of legitimacy and agency in interaction?

In the closing conference, we will present findings and enter into dialogue with the researcher community and the public.

The conference will be held in English and Norwegian, and the event is open for everyone.

Program

  • Welcome! The NorPol project: Background and overview
    Toril Opsahl, Aleksandra Olszewska & Oliwia Szymańska, University of Oslo
  • Material-bodily actions as explanatory resources in construction-site interactions
    Paweł Urbanik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • How Polish doctors formulate requests to their patients
    Jan Svennevig, University of Agder & Paweł Urbanik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • How do Polish migrants perceive, encounter and cope with dialectal variation in Norwegian workplaces?
    Piotr Garbacz & Magdalena Solarek-Gliniewicz, University of Oslo
  • Keynote 1: English as a language of inclusion in Nordic workplaces?
    Dorte Lønsmann, University of Copenhagen
  • Utilising research findings to inform a language course curriculum
    Oliwia Szymańska, University of Oslo
  • "If you don't speak Norwegian well, they think you are stupid": Polish migrant workers' language experiences in Norway
    Aleksandra Olszewska & Toril Opsahl, University of Oslo
  • "Grei skuring?" A comedian imitation of Norwegian with a Polish touch
    Anne Golden, University of Oslo
  • Keynote 2: Navigating the politics of language: migration and ex/Inclusion in the workplace
    Jo Angouri, University of Warwick
  • Norwegian Dream, Polish nightmare?
    Leiv Igor Devold, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Invited speakers 

  • Prof. Jo Angouri (University of Warwick): Navigating the politics of language: migration and ex/inclusion in the workplace
  • Associate Prof. Dorte Lønsmann (University of Copenhagen): English as a language of inclusion in Nordic workplaces?
  • Associate Prof. Leiv Igor Devold (Norwegian University of Science and Technology): Norwegian Dream, Polish nightmare?

Organizer

Toril Opsahl, Oliwia Szymańska and Aleksandra Ita Olszewska.

Publications

Pawel K. Urbanik and NorPol in the news article: "Polish construction workers abroad use second languages as a tool"

  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita (2026). “They say that we are refugees, so we are them”: The violent or life-saving act of naming? Ethnicities. ISSN 1468-7968. doi: 10.1177/14687968261453573. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2025). Physicians on the move: practices for shaping a professional medical persona in a second language. Journal of Communication in Healthcare. ISSN 1753-8068. 18(3), p. 182–195. doi: 10.1080/17538068.2025.2484056. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Kulbrandstad, Lars Anders (2024). «Grei skuring»? En komikers imitasjon av norsk med polsk preg. NOA - Norsk som andrespråk. ISSN 0801-3284. 40(2), p. 99–123. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2024). Training physicians to work in a second language. Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia. ISSN 1230-4786. doi: 10.14746/fsp-2024.36.01. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita & Opsahl, Toril (2024). ‘If you don’t speak Norwegian well, they think you are stupid’: experiencing and responding to linguistic racism by Polish migrant workers. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. ISSN 1369-183X. 51(9), p. 2146–2165. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2444455. Full text in Research Archive
  • Garbacz, Piotr & Opsahl, Toril (2024). Polish heritage speakers in Norway: Attitudes, use, and maintenance. In Romanowski, Piotr & Seretny, Anna (Ed.), Polish as a Heritage Language Around the World Selected Diaspora Communities. Routledge. ISSN 9781003401995. Full text in Research Archive
  • Urbanik, Pawel Kazimierz (2024). Sharing procedural knowledge in manual work environments: Material-bodily actions as explanatory resources in construction-site interactions. Language & Communication. ISSN 0271-5309. 99, p. 52–74. doi: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.08.004. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2023). “Sånn typisk scene fra en polsk komedie egentlig”. Bruk av humorbasert videostimuli i forskning på talere av norsk som andrespråk. NOA - Norsk som andrespråk. ISSN 0801-3284. 39(2), p. 5–36. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril & Golden, Anne (2023). «Polsk, men» – narrativer om profesjonell identitet og posisjonering blant høyt utdannede polakker i Norge. Nordand – Nordisk tidsskrift for andrespråksforskning. ISSN 0809-9227. 18(2), p. 110–124. doi: 10.18261/nordand.18.2.3. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2023). No(r)way? Language Learning, Stereotypes, and Social Inclusion Among Poles in Norway. Social Inclusion. 11(4), p. 80–90. doi: 10.17645/si.v11i4.7112. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita; Coady, Maria; Marichal, Nidza; Ankeny, Raisa; Long, Andrew & Shafiei, Hamed [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). “It’s Like Fuel”: Igniting Rural English Learner Education Through Place-Conscious Professional Development. Journal of Research in Rural Education. 39(1), p. 1–18. doi: 10.26209/JRRE3901. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Golden, Anne (2023). Er å holde hodet kaldt det samme som å (be)holde kaldt blod? Metaforiske uttrykk i norsk og polsk – forståelse og ekvivalens. NOA - Norsk som andrespråk. ISSN 0801-3284. 39(1). Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Janik, Marta Olga (2022). I en vev av tempus: Tempusbruk i norsk som andrespråk hos en voksen polsk innlærer. In Ragnhildstveit, Silje; Golden, Anne & Gujord, Ann-Kristin Helland (Ed.), Nye innsikter i norsk som andrespråk. Inspirert av Kari Tenfjords forskning. Alvheim og Eide Akademisk forlag. ISSN 9788293690122. p. 87–108. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Golden, Anne (2022). Å skyte seg selv i foten eller i kneet? Forståelse og produksjon av metaforiske uttrykk i norsk når førstespråket er polsk. In Ragnhildstveit, Silje; Golden, Anne & Gujord, Ann-Kristin Helland (Ed.), Nye innsikter i norsk som andrespråk. Inspirert av Kari Tenfjords forskning. Alvheim og Eide Akademisk forlag. ISSN 9788293690122. p. 109–134. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). Griper polske studenter poenget på norsk? Forståelse av metaforiske uttrykk blant norskstuderende i Polen. Nordand – Nordisk tidsskrift for andrespråksforskning. ISSN 0809-9227. doi: 10.18261/nordand.17.2.1. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

  • Opsahl, Toril (2025). Polske talere av norsk som andrespråk: lingvistiske, interaksjonelle og sosiokulturelle perspektive. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia; Sjo, Toril Kristin & Lorentsen, Kristin (2024). Viderekommen norsk for utenlandske leger: Om utvalgte fokusområder og kursplan. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2024). Teaching advanced language to doctors with a foreign background. From research to practical application. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2024). With scalpel in hand. Teaching advanced Norwegian to doctors with a foreign background - from research to practical application. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2024). Figurativt språk i hverdagen og på tvers av språk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Fire gode vaner uten felles språk: rollespill i medisinske samtaler. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita & Opsahl, Toril (2024). “If you don’t speak Norwegian well, they think you are stupid”: Experiencing and responding to linguistic racism by Polish migrant workers in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril (2024). The NorPol project: Background and Overview. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Achieving mutual understanding with patients when physicians conduct consultations in a second language. Full text in Research Archive
  • Svennevig, Jan & Urbanik, Pawel Kazimierz (2024). How doctors formulate requests to their patients. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Strategies to establish shared understanding under medical consultations in a second language in Norway seen from Conversation Analysis perspective. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita & Opsahl, Toril (2024). “’If you don’t speak Norwegian well, they think you are stupid’: Linguistic discrimination and Polish migrant workers in Norway”. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril; Solheim, Randi; Aa, Leiv Inge & Zahl, Hilde (2024). "Ingen dauer av å droppe 'den'". [Radio]. Språksnakk, NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne (2024). Grei skuring. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Er legenes uidiomatiske språkbruk og medisinsk sjargong utfordrende eller overkommelige for norske pasienter? Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Hør på meg, nå skal jeg forklare hva det betyr! Felles forståelse av medisinsk sjargong når legen snakker norsk som andrespråk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). «Orthostatism, it has something to do with blood pressure». Medical terminology in consultations conducted in L2-Norwegian. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Sjo, Toril Kristin (2024). Viderekommen norsk. Språkkompetanse hos utenlandske leger. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2024). Transfer of L1 practices in migrant physicians. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita & Coady, Maria (2024). Radical multilingual and multicultural spaces of hope for refugee-background students in Poland. Full text in Research Archive
  • Urbanik, Pawel Kazimierz & Svennevig, Jan (2024). Object use in explanation sequences on the construction site. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita (2024). “I am from Islam and K-pop”: Refugee-background students’ identities and multilingual identities in becoming. Full text in Research Archive
  • Svennevig, Jan & Urbanik, Pawel Kazimierz (2024). L2 doctors’ formulation of requests for immediate action during physical examination. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Selvrapporterte versus faktiske forståelsesstrategier hos andrespråklige leger i Norge. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Kanskje kan polske og utenlandske leger bli et forbilde. Klar tale : lettlest ukeavis. ISSN 0804-1180. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2024). Utilising research findings to inform a language course curriculum. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril; Garbacz, Piotr; Golden, Anne; Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita; Szymanska, Oliwia & Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). L2 Communication in workplace settings. The case of Polish migrants in Norway (NorPol). Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril & Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Velkomst, introduksjon og arrangementsansvar. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). In search for a better prophylactic. Preparing doctors to perform in Norwegian as a second language. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Przychodzi Norweg do lekarza… Polske leger i det norske sykehusuniverset. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Legitimacy in L2 medical talk. Successful practices for shaping a professional persona. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Multilingualism Research Forum: Metaphor training in L2 doctors - jackpot or blowback? Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Hvorfor (ikke) akademia? Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2023). Felles forståelse av medisinsk sjargong mellom pasienter og leger med L2-norsk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Metaphors for special purposes. To teach or not to teach? The case of physicians who perform in L2. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2023). Kan reparasjoner under medisinske konsultasjoner på andrespråk føre til språklæring? Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Golden, Anne (2023). Keeping eyes on the ball: Comprehension, learning and use of metaphorical expressions in L2. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Tapping into multilingual resources - metaphorical expressions in migrant doctors. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Constructing a legitimate professional persona in L2. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Metaphorical expressions in mental healthcare. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Forståelse og produksjon av metaforiske uttrykk i norsk når førstespråket er polsk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Janik, Marta Olga & Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Tempusbruk i norsk som andrespråk hos en voksen polsk innlærer. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2023). Må noe fortsatt repareres når leger snakker norsk som andrespråk på B2 eller høyere nivå? Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2023). My research and life as a researcher. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Kan en metafortrening gi mening? En intervensjonstudie for psykiatere med L2 norsk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2023). Emotions, well-being and language learning among Polish work migrants in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne (2023). Fasinerende, frustrerende og litt flaut: Følelser og språklæring. Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2023). Snakk om følelser – emosjoner og språklæring blant voksne norskinnlærere med polsk bakgrunn. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2023). Polish physicians and language variation in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2023). Other-initiated repairs under medical consultations in L2 Norwegian. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita (2023). “If you don’t speak Norwegian well, they think you are stupid”: Linguistic discrimination and Polish migrant workers in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2023). Językowy kalejdoskop norweskiej służby zdrowia. Skuteczne praktyki komunikacyjne polskich lekarzy specjalistów. Full text in Research Archive
  • Urbanik, Pawel Kazimierz (2023). Hva sier byggearbeideren? Norsk og polsk på byggeplassen. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia; Opsahl, Toril; Sapiezynska, Ewa & Lilleslåtten, Mari (2023). Polsk i Norge: Hvordan er det egentlig å lære norsk? [Internet]. Universitetsplassen - en podkast fra UiO. Full text in Research Archive
  • Garbacz, Piotr (2022). What enhances or inhibits communication between Poles and Norwegians in workplace interaction? Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Polske overleger med L2 norsk i spesialisthelsetjenesten i Norge. Kommunikasjonsutfordringer og språklige strategier. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). Covid-19 information texts in teaching L2 metaphorical expressions. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Polske overlegers mottakertilpasning av medisinske termer i samtaler med pasienter på norsk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Olszewska, Aleksandra Ita (2022). “JustWork”: In pursuit of linguistic justice in the workplace for Polish migrants to Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). How immigrant doctors secure understanding in L2 communication with patients: Insights from the Norwegian healthcare system. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Golden, Anne (2022). Authenticity in L2 medical talk and conduct? Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Domeradzka, Magdalena (2022). Keep calm and learn Scandinavian: Getting ready for work in Swedish and Norwegian healthcare. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). RECIPIENT DESIGN OF MEDICAL VOCABULARY by Polish physicians with L2 Norwegian. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). "As doctors we apply too much jargon when we speak". Co-constructing intersubjectivity of medical terms during consultations with Polish physicians speaking Norwegian. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). Slik sikrer utenlandske leger sin kredibilitet. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Recipient design of medical terminology: data session with international researchers. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Polish physicians in Norway in search of becoming legitimate users of Norwegian. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). NÅR LEGEN SNAKKER NORSK SOM ANDRESPRÅK UNDER MEDISINSKE KONSULTASJONER.Hva innebærer det for tolker? Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). «When a pump ignores a sensor» Metaphorical expressions in physicians consulting their patients in L2. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). How to stimulate metaphoric awareness by deploying public information texts? Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). «Metaforiske uttrykk på 123» Å øke metaforisk bevissthet i L2 ved bruk av samfunnsrelevante tekster. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). Insulinpumpen som ikke ville snakke med sensoren. Bruk av metaforiske uttrykk hos leger med L2 norsk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril & Golden, Anne (2022). How (not) to be a legitimate and authentic Polish professional in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril & Golden, Anne (2022). Narratives on professional identity and positioning among highly educated Poles in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Golden, Anne (2022). L2-metaforiske uttrykk i flomlyset. Polske studenters håndtering av metaforer i norsk. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Polish physicians with L2 Norwegian in a patient-centred way of communication: WELL-STRUCTURED CONSULTATION AS A POINT OF DEPARTURE. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Polish physicians with L2 Norwegian in a patient-centred way of communication. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). How to transform and adapt medical vocabulary to be more patient-friendly: the case of cardiac resynchronisation therapy analysed with CA. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2022). Repair trouble sources in consultations between Polish physicians with L2 Norwegian and patients in specialised healthcare in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia (2022). How physicians use metaphors in their L2. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril (2022). Professional identities among Poles in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
  • Opsahl, Toril & Golden, Anne (2022). Narratives on professional identity and positioning among highly educated Poles in Norway (conference paper in progress). Full text in Research Archive
  • Golden, Anne & Opsahl, Toril (2022). Hermegåsa kommer? Erfaringer fra bruk av videostimuli i talespråksforskning. Full text in Research Archive
  • Szymanska, Oliwia & Janik, Marta (2022). «Hvis du tåler det godt, så vil jeg gjerne beholde den dosen» Tempusbruk i spontan produksjon hos en voksen norskbruker. Full text in Research Archive
  • Solarek-Gliniewicz, Magdalena (2024). Strategier for å etablere felles forståelse i medisinske konsultasjoner på andrespråk. En studie av samtaler mellom polske leger og norske pasienter. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive

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Published Mar. 16, 2020 1:58 PM - Last modified Nov. 24, 2025 2:42 PM

Participants

Detailed list of participants