Jenny Krutzinna

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Academic interests

I am driven by the desire to reveal, understand and address injustices caused by systemic inequalities and power imbalances that affect people’s well-being. Particularly, I am interested in the opportunities and threats to well-being caused by an increasingly digitised world. My primary focus is on the experiences of people in a vulnerable situation, including children and disabled persons/persons with disabilities. I use conceptual and methodological tools within deliberative democracy and seek to enhance the participation of marginalised groups. My aim to give visibility and a voice to these groups by demonstrating how their (moral and legal) rights are affected by policies and decisions taken by (public and private) institutional actors.

Recent research examples include Digital Twin technology in health decision-making concerning children, health data solidarity, and the conceptualisation of child individuality in children’s rights theory and practice.

Courses taught

Research Ethics for MA students in Public Administration, University of Bergen
Children's Rights in Norway, NLA Høgskulen, Bergen

Background

2019-22 Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Research on Discretion and Paternalism, University of Bergen
2018-19 Postdoctoral Researcher, Centre for Research on Discretion and Paternalism, University of Bergen
2017-18 Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford
2013-17 Coworking Space founder, owner and manager, Frankfurt/Main
2004-12 Various private sector positions, incl. Data Protection Officer and Senior Consultant in Big Data Analytics in the pharmaceutical industry

Education

2014-17 PhD in Bioethics and Medical Jurisprudence, University of Manchester
2010-12 MA in Healthcare Ethics and Law, University of Manchester
2001-04 MA (Oxon) in Jurisprudence, University of Oxford

Appointments

Editorial Advisory Board member and Associate Editor at Clinical Ethics
Independent Ethics Advisor, "The Micro-Level Effects of Civil Wars on Multiple Dimensions of Women's Empowerment" (WarEffects) funded by the European Research Council (PI: Carlo Koos)

Tags: Well-being, ethics, children’s rights, solidarity, disability, intersectionality, Big Data, AI, qualitative social science, bioethics, data ethics

Kriz, Katrin; Krutzinna, Jenny Imke & Pantuček-Eisenbacher, Peter (2023). The Austrian Child Welfare System: Moving Towards Professionalization and Participation. In Berrick, Jill Duerr; Gilbert, Neil & Skivenes, Marit (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Child Protection Systems. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780197503546. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197503546.013.9. Show summary
This chapter expounds on the shift to professionalization and participation of the child welfare system in Austria. It clarifies how Austrian states have lesser autonomy compared to Germany or the USA. Child welfare is ultimately under the responsibility of Austrian states. Child welfare services (CWS) have a legal obligation to intervene when a child’s well-being is at risk under the purview of the provincial states, while the wider preventive CWS is under the care of local communities. Additionally, national laws have been drafted and interpreted in accordance with the principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Krutzinna, Jenny Imke (2022). Medizinische Datenspenden: Ein Aufruf zur Solidarität zwischen den Generationen. In Hofmann, Claudia Maria & Spiecker, Indra (Ed.), Solidarität im Gesundheitswesen Strukturprinzip, Handlungsmaxime, Motor für Zusammenhalt?. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783631844694. doi: https:/doi.org/10.3726/b19050. Show summary
Durch den Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie erhielt die Frage, welche Relevanz der Gedanke der Solidarität im Bereich der Gesundheitsversorgung hat, einen besonderen Spin: Welche Einschränkungen war man bereit hinzunehmen, aus Solidarität z. B. gegenüber der Gesundheit von Personen aus Risikogruppen? Welche Art solidarischer Unterstützung wollte man leisten? Welche Grenzen der Solidarität musste man sich eingestehen? Die Beiträge in diesem Band zeigen, dass wir die «Dimension Pandemie» aus unseren Debatten um Solidarität im Gesundheitswesen kaum mehr ausnehmen können. Gleichzeitig verdeutlichen sie, dass wir diese Debatten schon seit langem führen und die Ausgestaltung der Gesundheitssysteme nicht nur in Deutschland auch vom Gedanken der Solidarität geprägt ist.
Kriz, Katrin; Krutzinna, Jenny; Poso, Tarja & Skivenes, Marit (2022). The invisible child. A comparative study of newborn removal judgments from a Child Equality Perspective (cep) . The International Journal of Children's Rights. ISSN 0927-5568. 30(3), p. 644–674. doi: 10.1163/15718182-30030006. Show summary
We know little about how children are portrayed in care order cases. Using a Child Equality Perspective (cep), which demands the child’s presence in proceedings even for children who are not capable of partaking fully in the decision-making process, we examine a sample of 216 judgments from 8 countries involving 220 infants. Our study reveals that the children remain largely invisible, but with clear country differences. Children’s invisibility constitutes a fundamental obstacle for children being “equal” in the judgments that will shape the child’s future. This invisibility raises concerns about the quality of the judicial decisions about the child’s best interest.
Braun, Matthias & Krutzinna, Jenny (2022). Digital twins and the ethics of health decision-making concerning children. Patterns. ISSN 2666-3899. 3(4). doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100469.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2022). Who is “The Child”? Best Interests and Individuality of Children in Discretionary Decision-Making. The International Journal of Children's Rights. ISSN 0927-5568. 30(1), p. 120–145. doi: 10.1163/15718182-30010005. Show summary
While the substantiation of “best interests” has received much attention, the question of how “the child” is conceptualised to ensure any action taken or decision made is in the particular child’s best interests has been largely neglected. In this paper, I argue that the lack of robust understanding of who “the child” is, means that we continue to make many generalisations and category-based assumptions in determining the child’s best interests. In addressing the challenge of doing right by the individual child, I propose a three-step approach based on a theoretical model of the child that avoids presumptions about child-typical needs and insists on an assessment of the child’s individual characteristics, needs, qualities and circumstances, making it the only conceptualisation fully meeting the child centrism criterion required by children’s rights as determined by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Czypionka, Thomas; Iftekhar, Emil; Prainsack, Barbara; Priesemann, Viola; Bauer, Simon & Calero Valdez, Andre [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2022). The benefits, costs and feasibility of a low incidence COVID-19 strategy. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. ISSN 2666-7762. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100294. Show summary
In the summer of 2021, European governments removed most NPIs after experiencing prolonged second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most countries failed to achieve immunization rates high enough to avoid resurgence of the virus. Public health strategies for autumn and winter 2021 have ranged from countries aiming at low incidence by re-introducing NPIs to accepting high incidence levels. However, such high incidence strategies almost certainly lead to the very consequences that they seek to avoid: restrictions that harm people and economies. At high incidence, the important pandemic containment measure ‘test-trace-isolate-support’ becomes inefficient. At that point, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its numerous harmful consequences can likely only be controlled through restrictions. We argue that all European countries need to pursue a low incidence strategy in a coordinated manner. Such an endeavour can only be successful if it is built on open communication and trust.
Iftekhar, Emil; Priesemann, Viola; Balling, Rudi; Bauer, Simon; Beutels, Philippe & Calero Valdez, Andre [Show all 34 contributors for this article] (2021). A look into the future of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: an expert consultation. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. ISSN 2666-7762. 8. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100185. Show summary
How will the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic develop in the coming months and years? Based on an expert survey, we examine key aspects that are likely to influence the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The challenges and developments will strongly depend on the progress of national and global vaccination programs, the emergence and spread of variants of concern (VOCs), and public responses to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In the short term, many people remain unvaccinated, VOCs continue to emerge and spread, and mobility and population mixing are expected to increase. Therefore, lifting restrictions too much and too early risk another damaging wave. This challenge remains despite the reduced opportunities for transmission given vaccination progress and reduced indoor mixing in summer 2021. In autumn 2021, increased indoor activity might accelerate the spread again, whilst a necessary reintroduction of NPIs might be too slow. The incidence may strongly rise again, possibly filling intensive care units, if vaccination levels are not high enough. A moderate, adaptive level of NPIs will thus remain necessary. These epidemiological aspects combined with economic, social, and health-related consequences provide a more holistic perspective on the future of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Kriz, Katrin (2021). Adoption from care in Austria. In Skivenes, Marit; Thoburn, June & Poso, Tarja (Ed.), Adoption from Care. International Perspectives on Children’s Rights, Family Preservation and State Intervention.. Policy Press. ISSN 9781447351030. p. 87–102.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2021). Creating ‘family’ in adoption from care. In Skivenes, Marit; Thoburn, June & Poso, Tarja (Ed.), Adoption from Care. International Perspectives on Children’s Rights, Family Preservation and State Intervention.. Policy Press. ISSN 9781447351030. p. 195–213.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2021). Breaking the cycle: Solidarity with care-leaver mothers. The Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies (DiGeSt). ISSN 2593-0273. 7(2), p. 82–92. Show summary
Many child protection cases involve care-experienced mothers, which reveals a continuous cycle of mothers who lose their children to social services after having been in state care themselves as children. While the importance of protecting children requires little explanation and forms the justificatory basis for child protection interventions, it is important to remember that care-experienced mothers were once children entrusted to the state’s care, and who arguably have been failed by the statein that their parenting opportunities are significantly reduced. This paper aims to address this underexplored dilemma between protecting children and safeguarding mothering opportunities for care-experienced mothers. Appealing to the concept of solidarity, I arguethat the state has an obligation to increase its compensatory efforts to secure the right of care-experienced women to not only become parents but to be able to beparents, with the aim of breaking the cycle of care experience.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2020). Breaking the cycle: Solidarity with care-leaver mothers. The Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies (DiGeSt). ISSN 2593-0273. 7(2), p. 82–92. doi: 10.21825/digest.v7i2.16574.
Breen, Claire; Krutzinna, Jenny; Luhamaa, Katre & Skivenes, Marit (2020). Family life for children in state care. An analysis of the European court of human rights’ reasoning on adoption without consent. The International Journal of Children's Rights. ISSN 0927-5568. 28(4), p. 715–747. doi: 10.1163/15718182-28040001.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Skivenes, Marit (2020). Judging parental competence: A cross‐country analysis of judicial decision makers' written assessment of mothers' parenting capacities in newborn removal cases. Child & Family Social Work. ISSN 1356-7500. 26(1), p. 50–60. doi: 10.1111/cfs.12788.
Burns, Kenneth; Križ, Katrin; Krutzinna, Jenny; Luhamaa, Katre; Meysen, Thomas & Pösö, Tarja [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). The hidden proceedings - An analysis of accountability of child protection adoption proceedings in eight European jurisdictions. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance. ISSN 2213-4506. 6(4), p. 339–371. doi: 10.1163/22134514-00604002. Full text in Research Archive
Krutzinna, Jenny (2019). Shaping Children: The Pursuit of Normalcy in Pediatric Cognitive Neuro-enhancement. In Nagel, Saskia (Eds.), Shaping Children. Ethical and Social Questions that Arise when Enhancing the Young . Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-10677-5. p. 11–24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-10677-5_2.
Krutzinna, Jenny; Taddeo, Mariarosaria & Floridi, Luciano (2019). Enabling Posthumous Medical Data Donation: A Plea for the Ethical Utilisation of Personal Health Data. In Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (Ed.), The Ethics of Medical Data Donation. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-04363-6. p. 163–180. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04363-6_11. Full text in Research Archive
Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (2019). Ethical Medical Data Donation: A Pressing Issue. In Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (Ed.), The Ethics of Medical Data Donation. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-04363-6. p. 1–6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04363-6_1.
Krutzinna, Jenny; Taddeo, Mariarosaria & Floridi, Luciano (2019). An Ethical Code for Posthumous Medical Data Donation. In Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (Ed.), The Ethics of Medical Data Donation. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-04363-6. p. 181–195. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04363-6_12. Full text in Research Archive
Krutzinna, Jenny; Taddeo, Mariarosaria & Floridi, Luciano (2018). Enabling Posthumous Medical Data Donation: An Appeal for the Ethical Utilisation of Personal Health Data. Science and Engineering Ethics. ISSN 1353-3452. doi: 10.1007/s11948-018-0067-8.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (2018). Atypical employment and disability in the digital economy: accountability gap leaves disabled app developers’ rights unprotected. Law, Innovation and Technology. ISSN 1757-9961. doi: 10.1080/17579961.2018.1527476.

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Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (2019). The Ethics of Medical Data Donation. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-04363-6. 137(1). 198 p.

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Bhroin, Niamh Ni; Staksrud, Elisabeth & Krutzinna, Jenny (2023). ySKILLS – Children and young people (aged 12-17)'s digital skills: Evidence-based recommendations for policy and practice. . zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10252368.
Bhroin, Niamh Ni; Staksrud, Elisabeth & Krutzinna, Jenny (2023). ySKILLS – Children and young people (aged 12-17)'s Digital Skills: Evidence-based recommendations for policy and practice. Multimedia report. zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10217529.
Braun, Matthias; Bleher, Hannah; Hille, Eva Maria & Krutzinna, Jenny Imke (2023). Tackling Structural Injustices: On the Entanglement of Visibility and Justice in Emerging Technologies. American Journal of Bioethics. ISSN 1526-5161. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2023.2207514. Full text in Research Archive
Valdez, André Calero; Iftekhar, Emil N.; Oliu-Barton, Miquel; Böhm, Robert; Cuschieri, Sarah & Czypionka, Thomas [Show all 31 contributors for this article] (2022). Europe must come together to confront omicron. BMJ. British Medical Journal. ISSN 0959-8146. 376. doi: 10.1136/bmj.o90.
Priesemann, Viola; Balling, Rudi; Bauer, Simon; Beutels, Philippe; Calero Valdez, Andre & Cuschieri, Sarah [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2021). Towards a European strategy to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 398(10303), p. 838–839. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01808-0.
Kriz, Katrin; Krutzinna, Jenny; Poso, Tarja & Skivenes, Marit (2021). Decision-making and Participation of Children in the Child Protection System’ - The Invisible Child: The Child’s Perspective in Judicial Decision-Making in Eight European Countries.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Skivenes, Marit (2021). Discretionary reasoning in child protection.
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Dugard, Jackie; Krutzinna, Jenny; Rosenberg, Anette Ringen; Otiene, Andrew & Tindstad, Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Rethinking digitalization and the right to education post-COVID-19.
O'Mahony, Conor; Emberland, Marius; Søvig, Karl Harald; Krutzinna, Jenny & Luhamaa, Katre (2021). European Court of Human Rights on Child Protection & Children's Rights. Show summary
The European Court of Human Rights’ track record of case law on child protection and children's rights is extensive, but concerning the principle of the child’s best interest, family, children's participation, and member states' margin of appreciation, the jurisprudence is not coherent and oftentimes problematic if analyzed from a child rights perspective. The Court has the authority to exercise strong discretion and its judgments have potentially huge impact on member states' policies and practice. It has also become an arena for civil society and member states to intervene and present their views. For example, the Czech Republic and the conservative Polish civil rights organization Ordo juris have requested to comment on most of the child protection cases presented against Norway. Why is this so? Do these developments influence the Court's judgements? In this session prominent lawyers in this field of research analyze recent developments and discuss the way forward.
Breen, Claire; Krutzinna, Jenny; Luhamaa, Katre & Skivenes, Marit (2021). Family life for children in state care. An analysis of the European Court of Human Rights’ reasoning on adoption without consent.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2021). Simulating (some) individuals in a connected world. Journal of Medical Ethics. ISSN 0306-6800. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2021-107447.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Skivenes, Marit (2021). Judging parental competence: A cross-country analysis of judicial decision-makers’ assessment of parental capacities in newborn removal cases.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2021). The Child Equality Perspective. Securing Children’s Presence in State Decision-Making. .
Krutzinna, Jenny (2021). Stewarding Children’s Data: Striking a balance between Sovereignty and Solidarity.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2021). Barbara Bennett Woodhouse, The Ecology of Childhood. How Our Changing World Threatens Children’s Rights. The International Journal of Children's Rights. ISSN 0927-5568. 29(1), p. 239–243. doi: 10.1163/15718182-29010001.
Luhamaa, Katre & Krutzinna, Jenny (2020). Pedersen et al v. Norway: Progress towards child-centrism at the European Court of Human Rights? . Strasbourg Observers.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2020). Barn i "lockdown": Utfordrer korona-tiltakene barns rettigheter? .
Krutzinna, Jenny (2020). Family Life for Children.
Skivenes, Marit; Krutzinna, Jenny; Luhamaa, Katre; Kriz, Katrin & Engedahl, Marthe (2020). Protecting Children, Creating Citizens.
Meysen, Thomas & Krutzinna, Jenny (2020). Familiengerichtlicher Kinderschutz in Deutschland – Ein internationaler Vergleich anlässlich des „Staufener Missbrauchsfalls“. FF - Forum Familienrecht. ISSN 1433-8696. 24(1), p. 14–17.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Floridi, Luciano (2019). Preface and acknowledgments. Philosophical Studies Series. ISSN 0921-8599. 137.
Krutzinna, Jenny; Skivenes, Marit Sissel Irene & Thoburn, June (2019). Acceptability of family court decision-making in eight jurisdictions. Family Law. ISSN 0014-7281. 49, p. 867–869.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2019). "Best interests at the edge of medicine: Conceptualising the individual child in child protection interventions".
Breen, Claire; Krutzinna, Jenny; Luhamaa, Katre & Skivenes, Marit Sissel Irene (2019). The Child’s Right to Family Life. An analysis of the European Court of Human Rights’ reasoning on adoption without consent.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2019). Ethical issues in Big Data for NCD risk factor surveillance.
Krutzinna, Jenny (2019). Giving yourself? Reflections on the ethics of data donation in healthcare.
Krutzinna, Jenny & Skivenes, Marit (2018). Justifying Removals of Newborn Babies: A Cross-Country Analysis of Judiciary Decision Makers Reasoning of Parental Capacities .
Krutzinna, Jenny; Nygård, Sveinung; Gianella, Camila & Ó Cathaoir, Katharina Eva (2018). Children’s Right to Health: Childhood obesity.
Skivenes, Marit; Krutzinna, Jenny; Luhamaa, Katre; Burns, Kenneth; Kalliomaa-Puha, Laura & Höjer, Staffan [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Children's Right to Child Friendly Justice.
Krutzinna, Jenny; Englund, Nora Josefine Botten & Staksrud, Elisabeth (2023). «Snakker ikke til deg!» - Faktorer som hindrer at barn og unge forteller voksne om ubehagelige netthendelser, med særlig vekt på seksuelle krenkelser. Rapport fra prosjektet prosjekt – kartlegging og analyser av norske barn og risiko på internett 2021-2022 Oppfølging av strategi mot internettrelaterte overgrep mot barn, støttet av Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet. UiO.
Luhamaa, Katre; Krutzinna, Jenny & Skivenes, Marit (2022). Child’s best interest in child protection legislation of 44 jurisdictions. Universitetet i Bergen.

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Published June 20, 2022 3:15 PM - Last modified Jan. 13, 2023 4:30 PM