Lilly Pijnenburg Müller

• Müller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2024). Cybersecurity in practice: The vigilant logic of kill chains and threat construction. European Journal of International Security. ISSN 2057-5637. 10(2), p. 251–251. doi: 10.1017/eis.2024.27. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract In this article, I critically examine the ‘Cyber Kill Chain’, a methodological framework for thought and action that shapes both contemporary cybersecurity practice and the discursive construction of security threats. The history and epistemology of the Cyber Kill Chain provide unique insight into the practice of contemporary cybersecurity, insofar as the Kill Chain provides cybersecurity practitioners with predetermined categories and indicators of threat that shape how threats are conceptualised and understood by defenders and suggests actions to secure against them. Locating the origins of the kill chain concept in US military operational logics, its transformation through the anticipatory inquiries of intelligence, and its automation in computational networks, this article argues that the Cyber Kill Chain is emblematic of a vigilant socio-technical logic of security, where human perception, technical sensing, and automation all respond to and co-produce the (in)security through which political security concerns are articulated. This practice makes politics; it excludes, includes, and shapes what is perceived to be dangerous and not, directly impacting the security constructed. Through a critical reading of the Cyber Kill Chain, this article provides insight into cybersecurity practitioners’ epistemic practice and as such contributes to discussions of cybersecurity expertise, threat construction, and the way in which cybersecurity is understood and practised as a global security concern.

• Dwyer, Andrew C; Stevens, Clare; Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg; Cavelty, Myriam Dunn; Coles-Kemp, Lizzie & Thornton, Pip (2022). What Can a Critical Cybersecurity Do? International Political Sociology. ISSN 1749-5679. 16(3), p. 1–26. doi: 10.1093/ips/olac013. Full text in Research Archive
• Bromander, Siri; Swimmer, Morton; Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg; Jøsang, Audun; Eian, Martin & Skjøtskift, Geir [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Investigating Sharing of Cyber Threat Intelligence and Proposing A New Data Model for Enabling Automation in Knowledge Representation and Exchange. Digital Threats: Research and Practice (DTRAP). ISSN 2692-1626. 3(1), p. 1–22. doi: 10.1145/3458027. Full text in Research Archive
• Bromander, Siri; Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg; Eian, Martin & Jøsang, Audun (2020). Examining the "Known Truths" in Cyber Threat Intelligence – The Case of STIX. In Payne, Brian K. & Wu, Hongyi (Ed.), Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS 2020). Academic Conferences and Publishing International (ACPI). ISSN 9781912764525. doi: 10.34190/ICCWS.20.055. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2019). Inn i gråsonen: avskrekking som forsvar av cyberspace? Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 77(3), p. 288–295. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v77.1397. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2016). Makt og avmakt i cyberspace: hvordan styre det digitale rom? Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 74(4), p. 1–23. doi: 10.17585/ip.v74.428. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2016). How to govern cyber security? The limits of the multi-stakeholder approach and the need to rethink public-private cooperation. In Friis, Karsten & Ringsmose, Jens (Ed.), Conflict in Cyber Space: Theoretical, strategic and legal perspectives. Routledge. ISSN 9781138947788. p. 116–129. Full text in Research Archive

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• Bucher, Taina; Falkum, Ingrid Lossius; Berg, Margareta; Findlay, Jamie Yates; Kempton, Alexander Moltubakk & Müller, Lilly Pijnenburg [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Mellom ytring og fortelling: Kommunikasjon med og om KI. doi: https:/www.uio.no/om/aktuelt/universitetsplassen/domus-bibliotheca/arrangementer/2026/kommunikasjon-med-om-KI. Full text in Research Archive
• Schia, Niels Nagelhus & Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2017). Trusselen fra cyberspace. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cyberangrep øker i omfang verden over. Norge er et av verdens mest digitaliserte land og dermed spesielt utsatt, men dette blir i stor grad oversett av politikere og næringslivsledere.

• Friis, Karsten; Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg & Gjesvik, Lars (2017). Cyberangrep - hvem har ansvaret? Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2019). Military Offensive Cyber-Capabilities: Small-State Perspectives. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This Policy Brief provides an overview of the military cyber-defence strategies and capabilities of Norway and of the Netherlands. Comparison of the two different approaches offers insights into their differing tactics and future policy directions. The Brief contributes with a small-state perspective on this malleable and constantly changing field, nuancing the hitherto US-centred debate on the utility and need for deterrence and defence in cyberspace.

• Friis, Karsten; Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg & Gjesvik, Lars (2018). Cyber-weapons in International Politics : Possible sabotage against the Norwegian petroleum sector. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg & Stevens, Tim (2017). Upholding the NATO cyber pledge Cyber Deterrence and Resilience: Dilemmas in NATO defence and security politics. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Full text in Research Archive
• Peter, Mateja; Bøås, Morten; Schia, Niels Nagelhus; Strazzari, Francesco; Karlsrud, John & Coning, Cedric De [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). United Nations Peace Operations: Aligning Principles and Practice. NUPI. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2015). Cyber Security Capacity Building in Developing Countries: challenges and Opportunities. NUPI. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2015). Cyber Security Capacity Building in Developing Countries. NUPI. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2015). Securing Cyberspace. Coordinating Public-Private Cooperation. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Full text in Research Archive
• Friis, Karsten & Muller, Lilly Pijnenburg (2014). Stor ståhei for ingenting? Debatten rundt USAs Air Sea Battle. NUPI. Full text in Research Archive

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