Kristin Hagen

• Kåsen, Andre; Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Priestley, Joel (2019). Tagging a Norwegian Dialect Corpus, In Mareike Hartmann & Barbara Plank (ed.),  Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa).  Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7929-995-8.  Artikkel.  s 350 - 355 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This paper describes an evaluation of five data-driven part-of-speech (PoS) taggers for spoken Norwegian. The taggers all rely on different machine learning mechanisms: decision trees, hidden Markov models (HMMs), conditional random fields (CRFs), long-short term memory networks (LSTMs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We go into some of the challenges posed by the task of tagging spoken, as opposed to written, language, and in particular a wide range of dialects as is found in the recordings of the LIA (Language Infrastructure made Accessible) project. The results show that the taggers based on either conditional random fields or neural networks perform much better than the rest, with the LSTM tagger getting the highest score.

• Øvrelid, Lilja; Kåsen, Andre; Hagen, Kristin; Solberg, Per Erik; Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Nøklestad, Anders (2018). The LIA Treebank of Spoken Norwegian Dialects, In Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri; Christopher Cieri; Thierry Declerck; Sara Goggi; Koiti Hasida; Hitoshi Isahara; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani; Hélène Mazo; Asuncion Moreno; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis & Takenobu Tokunaga (ed.),  Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.  European Language Resources Association.  ISBN 979-10-95546-00-9.  Article 642.  s 4482 - 4488 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This article presents the LIA treebank of transcribed spoken Norwegian dialects. It consists of dialect recordings made in the period between 1950--1990, which have been digitised, transcribed, and subsequently annotated with morphological and dependency-style syntactic analysis as part of the LIA (Language Infrastructure made Accessible) project at the University of Oslo. In this article, we describe the LIA material of dialect recordings and its transcription, transliteration and further morphosyntactic annotation. We focus in particular on the extension of the native NDT annotation scheme to spoken language phenomena, such as pauses and various types of disfluencies, and present the subsequent conversion of the treebank to the Universal Dependencies scheme. The treebank currently consists of 13,608 tokens, distributed over 1396 segments taken from three different dialects of spoken Norwegian. The LIA treebank annotation is an on-going effort and future releases will extend on the current data set.

• Johansson, Sofie; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (2017). A Bilingual Academic Word List: The Merging of a Norwegian and a Swedish List. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa).  ISSN 1890-9639.  9(3), s 147- 168 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nøklestad, Anders; Hagen, Kristin; Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Kosek, Michał & Priestley, Joel (2017). A modernised version of the Glossa corpus search system, In Jörg Tiedemann (ed.),  Proceedings of the 21st Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa).  Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7685-601-7.  Kapittel.  s 251 - 254 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This paper presents and describes a modernised version of Glossa, a corpus search and results visualisation system with a user-friendly interface. The system is open source and can be easily installed on servers or even laptops for use with suitably prepared corpora. It handles parallel corpora as well as monolingual written and spoken corpora. For spoken corpora, the search results can be linked to audio/video, and spectrographic analysis and visualised geographical distributions can be provided. We will demonstrate the range of search options and result visualisations that Glossa provides.

• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Saidi, Arash (2016). Constructing a Norwegian Academic Wordlist, In  Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016).  European Language Resources Association.  ISBN 978-2-9517408-9-1.  Kapittel.  s 1457 - 1462
• Bick, Eckhard; Hagen, Kristin & Nøklestad, Anders (2015). Optimizing the Oslo-Bergen Tagger, In Eckhard Bick & Kristin Hagen (ed.),  Proceedings of the Workshop on “Constraint Grammar - methods, tools and applications” at NODALIDA 2015, May 11-13, 2015, Institute of the Lithuanian Language, Vilnius, Lithuania.  Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7519-037-2.  113:002.  s 11 - 17
• Kosek, Michał; Nøklestad, Anders; Priestley, Joel; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (2015). Visualisation in Speech Corpora: Maps and Waves in the Glossa System, In Gintarė Grigonytė; Simon Clematide; Andrius Utka & Martin Volk (ed.),  Proceedings of the Workshop on Innovative Corpus Query and Visualization Tools at NODALIDA 2015.  Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7519-035-8.  Kapittel.  s 23 - 31 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  We present the Glossa web-based system for corpus search and results handling, focussing on two modes of visualisation implemented in the system. First, we describe the use of maps to show the geographical distribution of search results and its utility for exploring dialectal variation and discovering new isoglosses. Secondly, we present a functionality for speech visualisation, yielding dynamically generated representations of spectrograms, pitch and formants. The analyses are accompanied by the ability to replay selected parts of the waveform, as well as export and compare maximum, minimum and average values of the parameters for different selections. Among other things, this can be used to explore in more detail the set of spoken variants revealed by the geographical map view.

• Hagen, Kristin & Simonsen, Hanne Gram (2014). Two Norwegian speech corpora: Nota-Oslo and TAUS, In Jacques Durand; Ulrike Gut & Gjert Kristoffersen (ed.),  The Oxford Handbook of Corpus Phonology.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 978-0-19-957193-2.  Chapter 25.  s 498 - 508
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2014). Om artiklene i denne boka og Nordisk dialektkorpus, I: Janne Bondi Johannessen & Kristin Hagen (red.),  Språk i Norge og nabolanda. Ny forskning om talespråk.  Novus Forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7099-795-4.  kapittel.  s 7 - 26 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander; Priestley, Joel & Hagen, Kristin (2014). A multilingual speech corpus of North-Germanic languages, In Tommaso Raso & Heliana Mello (ed.),  Spoken Corpora and Linguistic Studies.  John Benjamins Publishing Company.  ISBN 9789027203694.  Kaittel.  s 69 - 83
• Solberg, Per Erik; Skjærholt, Arne; Øvrelid, Lilja; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (2014). The Norwegian Dependency Treebank, In Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri; Thierry Declerck; Hrafn Loftsson; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani; Asuncion Moreno; Jan Odijk & Stelios Piperidis (ed.),  Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14).  European Language Resources Association.  ISBN 978-2-9517408-8-4.  Kapittel.  s 789 - 795 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Lynum, André & Nøklestad, Anders (2012). OBT-stat A combined rule-based and statistical tagger, In Gisle Andersen (ed.),  Exploring newspaper language : using the web to create and investigate a large corpus of modern Norwegian.  John Benjamins Publishing Company.  ISBN 978-90-272-0354-0.  Kapittel.  s 51 - 65
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Priestley, Joel; Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Lynum, Andre (2012). The Nordic Dialect Corpus, In Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri; Thierry Declerck; Mehmet Ugur Dogan; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani & Jan Odijk (ed.),  Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.  European Language Resources Association.  ISBN 978-2-9517408-7-7.  Arikkel.  s 3388 - 3391 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander; Priestley, Joel & Hagen, Kristin (2012). A linguistics-based speech corpus, In Michael Haugh; Sukryie Ruhi; Thomas Schmidt & Kai Wörner (ed.),  Best Practices for Speech Corpora in Linguistic Research.  European Language Resources Association (ELRA).  Artikkel.
• Priestley, Joel; Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2012). A multilingual speech corpus of North-Germanic languages, In Heliana Mello; Massimo Pettorino & Tommaso Raso (ed.),  Proceedings of the VIIth GSCP International Conference : Speech and Corpora.  Firenze University Press.  ISBN 978-88-665-5351-9.  Artikkel.  s 63 - 68
• Lynum, Andre; Hagen, Kristin; Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Nøklestad, Anders (2011). OBT+Stat: Evaluation of a combined CG and statistical tagger. NEALT Proceedings Series.  ISSN 1736-8197.  14, s 26- 34
• Hagen, Kristin & Nøklestad, Anders (2010). Bruk av et norsk leksikon til tagging og andre språkteknologiske formål. LexicoNordica.  ISSN 0805-2735.  (17), s 55- 72
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Priestley, Joel (2010). Enhancing Language Resources with Maps, In Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis; Mike Rosner & Daniel Tapias (ed.),  Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10).  European Language Resources Association.  ISBN 2-9517408-6-7.  kapittel.  s 1081 - 1088 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Priestley, Joel; Hagen, Kristin; Åfarli, Tor Anders & Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander (2009). The Nordic Dialect Corpus - an Advanced Research Tool. NEALT Proceedings Series.  ISSN 1736-8197.  4, s 73- 80
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2008). Gøy med grammatikk. Dataspill i grammatikkopplæringen, In Mette Nergård & Ingebjørg Tonne (ed.),  Språkdidaktikk for norsklærere - mangfold i språk og tekster.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-01307-7.  Kapittel.  s 158 - 170
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2008). Om NoTa-korpuset og artiklene i denne boka, I: Janne Bondi Johannessen & Kristin Hagen (red.),  Språk i Oslo. Ny forskning omkring talespråk.  Novus Forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7099-471-7.  Kapittel.  s 7 - 14 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2007). NoTa and TAUS: Two Norwegian Speech Corpora, In Juhani Toivanen & Peter juel Henrichsen (ed.),  Current Trends in Research on Spoken Language in the Nordic Countries, Vol.II.  Oulu University Press.  ISBN 978-951-42-8514-1.  Artikkel.  s 19 - 30
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2007). Nye grammatiske termeer i skoleverket. Språknytt.  ISSN 0333-3825.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Priestley, Joel & Nygaard, Lars (2007). An Advanced Speech Corpus for Norwegian, In Joakim Nivre; Heiki-Jaan Kaalep; Kadri Muischnek & Mare Koit (ed.),  NODALIDA 2007 PROCEEDINGS.  University of Tartu.  ISBN 978-9985-4-0513-0.  Artikkel.  s 29 - 36
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Haaland, Åsne; Nøklestad, Anders; Jónsdottir, Andra Björk; Kokkinakis, Dimitris; Meurer, Paul; Bick, Eckhard & Haltrup, Dorte (2005). Named Entity Recognition for the Mainland Scandinavian Languages. Literary & Linguistic Computing.  ISSN 0268-1145.  20(1), s 91- 102
• Hagen, Kristin & Nordgård, Torbjørn (2004). Grammatikkontroll for brukere med spesielle behov, I: Henrik Holmboe (red.),  Nordisk sprogteknologi 2003 - Nordic Language Technology.  Museum Tusculanums Forlag.  ISBN 87-7289-997-2.  Kapittel.  s 87 - 99
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2004). PaNoLa: Norwegian work in 2003, In Henrik Holmboe (ed.),  Nordisk sprogteknologi 2003 - Nordic Language Technology.  Museum Tusculanums Forlag.  ISBN 87-7289-997-2.  Kapittel.  s 191 - 198
• Hagen, Kristin (2003). Automatisk sammenslåing av navn, I: Henrik Holmboe (red.),  Nordisk Sprogteknologi 2002.  Museum Tusculanums Forlag.  ISBN 87-7289-846-1.  s 351 - 356
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2003). With Kristin Hagen: Parsing Nordic Languages (PaNoLa) norsk versjon, I: Henrik Holmboe (red.),  Nordisk Sprogteknologi 2002.  Museum Tusculanums Forlag.  ISBN 87-7289-846-1.  s 89 - 95
• Hagen, Kristin & Lane, Pia Marit Johanne (2001). "Det er fort gjort og skrive feil." En presentasjon av en automatisk grammatikkontroll for bokmål, I: Inger Moen; Hanne Gram Simonsen; Arne Torp & Kjell Ivar Vannebo (red.),  Utvalgte artikler fra Det niende møtet om norsk språk i Oslo 2001.   s 93 - 102
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (1998). Disambiguering uten syntaks, I: Jan Terje Faarlund; Brit Mæhlum & Torbjørn Nordgård (red.),  MONS 7.  Novus forlag, Oslo.  ISBN 82-7099-307-7. Vis sammendrag

  En artikkel om Tekstlaboratoriets erfaringer med bruk av Constraint Grammar til å tagge grammatisk norsk. Den fokuserer på hvordan et grammatisk fenomen som kan beskrives på en enkel måte vha syntaks (nemlig at verbet kommer på annen plass i norske hovedsetninger), også kan beskrives uten et abstrakt frasenivå.

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• Bick, Eckhard & Hagen, Kristin (ed.) (2015). Proceedings of the Workshop on “Constraint Grammar - methods, tools and applications” at NODALIDA 2015, May 11-13, 2015, Institute of the Lithuanian Language, Vilnius, Lithuania. Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7519-037-2.  46 s.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (red.) (2014). Språk i Norge og nabolanda. Ny forskning om talespråk. Novus Forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7099-795-4.  335 s.
• Oepen, Stephan; Hagen, Kristin & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (ed.) (2013). Proceedings of the 19th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics (NODALIDA 2013). Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7519-589-6.  474 s.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (red.) (2008). Språk i Oslo. Ny forskning omkring talespråk. Novus Forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7099-471-7.  245 s.

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• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Askeland, Anne Renette; Hagen, Kristin; Håberg, Live; Jensen, Bård Uri; Nøklestad, Anders; Priestley, Joel & Tengesdal, Eirik (2018). Utfordringa med fonetisk transkripsjon av dialekter i den digitale tidsalderen: Oslo-translitteratoren.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Askeland, Anne Renette; Hagen, Kristin; Håberg, Live; Kristoffersen, Gjert; Nøklestad, Anders; Priestley, Joel; Vangsnes, Øystein A & Åfarli, Tor Anders (2017). Hundre nye dialektordlister.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Kristoffersen, Gjert; Vangsnes, Øystein A & Åfarli, Tor Anders (2017). Erfaringer fra LIA –et infrastrukturprosjekt med gamle dialektdata.
• Nøklestad, Anders; Hagen, Kristin; Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Kosek, Michał & Priestley, Joel (2017). A Modernised Version of the Glossa Corpus Search System.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Priestley, Joel & Hagen, Kristin (2012). A Multilingual Speech Corpus of North-Germanic Languages.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Priestley, Joel; Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Lynum, André (2012). The Nordic Dialect Corpus.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Priestley, Joel; Hagen, Kristin & Olsen, Eirik (2012). A Corpus of American Norwegian Speech.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander; Priestley, Joel & Hagen, Kristin (2012). A linguistics-based speech corpus.
• Priestley, Joel; Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Lynum, André (2012). Maps as a central linguistic research tool.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Vangsnes, Øystein A; Åfarli, Tor Anders; Hagen, Kristin & Priestley, Joel (2011). Nordisk dialektkorpus: klart til bruk! .
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Priestley, Joel (2010). Enhancing Language Resources with Maps.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Laake, Signe; Lindstad, Arne Martinus; Åfarli, Tor Anders & Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander (2008). The ScanDiaSyn DialectCorpus and Database: Methodological Challenges in CollectingData.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2008). Om det transkriberte og digitaliserte talemålsmaterialet ved ILN.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Laake, Signe; Lindstad, Arne Martinus; Vangsnes, Øystein A.; Åfarli, Tor A. & Nøklestad, Anders (2007). Dialektkorpus - presentasjon av prosjekt, metode, innsamling og materiale.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2007). To talespråkskorpus fra Oslo: NoTa-Oslo og TAUS.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Hanssen, Eskil (2007). To talespråkskorpus fra Oslo.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Priestley, Joel & Nygaard, Lars (2007). An Advanced Speech Corpus for Norwegian.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hanssen, Eskil; Hagen, Kristin & Søfteland, Åshild (2007). To talespråkskorpus fra Oslo: NoTa-Oslo og TAUS.
• Søfteland, Åshild; Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Laake, Signe (2007). Transkripsjon av dialekter.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2006, 06. januar). Mer fra NoTa. [Radio].  Språkteigen, NRK P2.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Priestley, Joel & Nygaard, Lars (2006). A Speech Corpus with Emotions, In Laurence Devillers; Jean-Claude Martin; Roddy Cowie; Ellen Douglas-Cowie & Anton Batliner (ed.),  Workshop Proceedings: W09 Corpora for Research on Emotions and Affect. LREC-2006.  Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ILC-CNR).  Artikkel.  s 80 - 84
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin; Priestley, Joel & Nygaard, Lars (2006). A speech corpus with emotions.
• Hagen, Kristin (2005, 06. mai). Gjøre eller gjørra?.  Akers Avis Groruddalen.
• Hagen, Kristin (2005, 07. mai). Om grammatikksjekker. [Radio].  Norgesglasset, NRK P1.
• Hagen, Kristin & Nygaard, Lars (2005). Improbable morphological forms in a computational lexicon.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Bødal, Anne Marit; Hagen, Kristin & Simonsen, Hanne Gram (2005). Informantutval og opptakssituasjon: utfordringar i samband med oppbygginga av eit talespråkskorpus.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2005, 10. mai). "Bannan" på vei ut.  Aftenposten.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2005). Challenges in orthographic transcription.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2005, 01. november). Jakter på hverdagsspråket.  Aftenposten.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2005, 18. desember). Om NoTa-prosjektet. [Radio].  Språkteigen, NRK P2.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2005, 29. oktober). Oslo kan miste språket.  Aftenposten.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Torkildsen, Janne Von Koss (2005). Grammatikkspill og treanalyser for skoleelever. Norsklæreren.  ISSN 0332-7264.  (1)
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Nygaard, Lars; Hagen, Kristin & Simonsen, Hanne Gram (2005). Transkripsjon i et talespråkskorpus.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2005). NoTa-prosjektet.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2004, 04. februar). Internett gjør grammatikk morsomt.  Utdanning.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Torkildsen, Janne Von Koss (2004). Gøy med grammatikk. En presentasjon av GREI - Grammatikkspill for elever på Internett - bokmål og nynorsk.
• Hagen, Kristin & Nordgård, Torbjørn (2003). Grammatikkontroll for brukere med norsk som andrespråk.
• Hagen, Kristin & Nordgård, Torbjørn (2003). Grammatikkontroll for brukere med spesielle behov.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2003). Datastøttet grammatikkundervisning i skolen.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Hagen, Kristin (2003, 21. oktober). Lærer mest med spill.  Aftenposten.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Nygaard, Lars (2003). Grammatikkspill og treanalyser for skoleelever.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Meurer, Paul & Hagen, Kristin (2003). Recognising word strings as names.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Lane, Pia Marit Johanne (2002). The Performance of a Grammar Checker with Deviant Language Input.
• Hagen, Kristin; Lane, Pia Marit Johanne & Trosterud, Trond (2001). En grammatikkontroll for bokmål. Språknytt.  ISSN 0333-3825.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Lane, Pia Marit Johanne (2001, 26. april). Ned fra Elfenbenstårnet?.  Uniforum.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Hagen, Kristin & Lane, Pia Marit Johanne (2001, 08. april). Nå skal PC'en rette grammatikken din.  Aftenposten.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Nøklestad, Anders & Hagen, Kristin (2000). A Web-Based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts. Vis sammendrag

  A general purpose text corpus meant for linguists and lexicographers needs to satify quality criteria at at least four different levels. The first two criteria are fairly well established; the corpus should have a wide variety of texts and be tagged according to a fine-grained system. The last two criteria are much less widely appreciated, unfortunately. One has to do with variety of search criteria: the user should be allowed to search for any information contained in the corpus, and with any combination possible. In addition, the search results should be presented in a choice of ways. The forth criterion has to do with accessability. It is a rather surprising fact that while user interfaces tend to be simple and self explanatory in most areas of life represented electronically, corpus interfaces are still extremely user unfriendly. In this paper, we present a corpus whose interface we have given a lot of thought, and likewise the possible search options, viz. the Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts.

• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Nøklestad, Anders; Hagen, Kristin & Lindstad, Arne Martinus (2000, 01. mai). Det åpne laboratoriet.  Apollon.
• Johannessen, Janne Bondi; Nøklestad, Anders & Hagen, Kristin (2000). A Web-Based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts. Vis sammendrag

  A general purpose text corpus meant for linguists and lexicographers needs to satify quality criteria at at least four different levels. The first two criteria are fairly well established; the corpus should have a wide variety of texts and be tagged according to a fine-grained system. The last two criteria are much less widely appreciated, unfortunately. One has to do with variety of search criteria: the user should be allowed to search for any information contained in the corpus, and with any combination possible. In addition, the search results should be presented in a choice of ways. The forth criterion has to do with accessability. It is a rather surprising fact that while user interfaces tend to be simple and self explanatory in most areas of life represented electronically, corpus interfaces are still extremely user unfriendly. In this paper, we present a corpus whose interface we have given a lot of thought, and likewise the possible search options, viz. the Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts.

• Hagen, Kristin; Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Nøklestad, Anders (1999). The shortcomings of a tagger. Vis sammendrag

  The tagger used for the Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts has very good statistical results. In spite of this, it makes mistakes. In this paper we take a closer look at some of them. Although some mistakes are of a kind that would disappear if we improved the tagger, many are impossible or very difficult to do anything about. They are due to errors in the corpus (spelling errors, foreign words, non-standard spellings), to elliptic sentences, such as headlines, and to structural ambiguity, which abounds to a surprising extent. Proofreading the corpus would have removed the first kind of problems, but the other two types cannot be resolved in any obvious way.

• Hagen, Kristin; Nøklestad, Anders & Johannessen, Janne Bondi (1998). A Constraint-based Tagger for Norwegian. Vis sammendrag

  Disambiguating morphosyntactic taggers are computer programs which provide the words in a text with grammatical information and which are able to pick the correct reading for ambiguous words based on linguistic context. We describe such a tagger for Norwegian BOKMÅL and NYNORSK which is based on the Constraint Grammar formalism (Karlsson et al. 1995). The tagger disambiguates through the use of linguistic constraints that operate only the level of individual words, which means that no phrase structure is established. We show how it is possible to perform morphological and syntactic disambiguation of Norwegian texts without having recourse to a phrasal level.

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