Gard Paulsen

• Paulsen, Gard (2023). Den industrielle hvalfangstens forvandlinger. Arr - Idéhistorisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7005. 35(3-4), p. 21–33. Full text in Research Archive
• Pausen, Gard (2014). When Switches Became Programs: Programming Languages and Telecommunications, 1965-1980. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. ISSN 1058-6180. 36(4), p. 38–50. doi: 10.1109/MAHC.2014.64.

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• Paulsen, Gard (2019). Alltid rabiat: Jens Glad Balchen og den kybernetiske tenkemåten. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245025460. 496 p.
• Andersen, Håkon With; Collett, John Peter; Stensrud, Iver Tangen & Paulsen, Gard (2014). Building Trust. The history of DNV 1864-2014. Dinamo Forlag. ISBN 978-82-8071-256-1. 544 p.

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• Paulsen, Gard (2024). New use for old weather: Histories of collective empiricism and the maritime modernities.
• Paulsen, Gard (2023). Charts at Court.
• Krefting, Ellen Marie & Paulsen, Gard (2023). "Drawing seas together, drawing seas apart".
• Krefting, Ellen Marie & Paulsen, Gard (2023). "Introduction: Records as format of oceanic knowledge".
• Krefting, Ellen Marie & Paulsen, Gard (2023). "Currents of data".
• Paulsen, Gard (2022). Ole Brodersen: Poor Poster # 12. Arr - Idéhistorisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7005. 34(3-4), p. 80–81.
• Paulsen, Gard; Spring, Ulrike & Delsett, Lene Liebe (2022). Ekspedisjoner i det blå.
• Krefting, Ellen Marie & Paulsen, Gard (2022). The Maritime Modernities Project - a general introduction.
• Krefting, Ellen Marie & Paulsen, Gard (2022). Formats of oceanic knowledge.
• Paulsen, Gard (2020). Datafangst på åpent hav: Om mellomkrigstidens hvalfangststatistikk og -diplomati. Show summary

  Dette foredraget belyser forholdet mellom hvalfangstens vitenskap, politikk og økonomi. Oppmerksomheten vil særlig rettes mot utviklingen av internasjonal hvalfangststatistikk i mellomkrigstiden, da den industrialiserte hvalfangsten tok til på det åpne hav og foregikk utenfor nasjonalstatenes kontroll. Det internasjonale hvalfangstdiplomatiet forsøkte i denne perioden å begrense hvalfangsten, og et omfattende statistisk materiale underbygget de internasjonale forhandlingene om dette. Fangsten ble likevel så omfattende at hvalbestanden ble sterkt redusert, og flere hvalarter var truet av utryddelse. Hvilken rolle hadde hvalfangststatistikken i dette? Var statistikken fanget i den internasjonale politikkens spill – eller var den utformet på en slik måte at fangstens reelle omfang ble unndratt politiske forhandlinger og internasjonalt diplomati? Innlegget vil presentere nye funn fra arkivstudier om hvalfangststatistikkens form, infrastruktur, anvendelse og regulatoriske konsekvenser frem til og med opprettelsen av den internasjonale hvalfangstkommisjonen i 1946. Innlegget vil løfte frem betydningen av det Sandefjord-baserte Bureau of International Whaling Statistics, opprettet i 1929, for både vitenskap om, og regulering av, hvalfangsten. Presentasjonen vil både supplere og utfordre flere nyere studier av hvalfangstens vitenskapshistorie.

• Paulsen, Gard (2019). Rosselands maskin i teknologi- og vitenskapshistorien.
• Paulsen, Gard (2019). Sjøveien gjennom historien: Per Anders Todal, Havlandet: Historia om hava som skapte Norge (Vigmostad & Bjørke, 2018). Arr - Idéhistorisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7005. 31(1-2), p. 154–159.
• Paulsen, Gard (2019). Numbered days: Statistics and the history of whaling.
• Paulsen, Gard (2013). DNV GL. In Godal, Anne Marit (Eds.), Store norske leksikon (snl.no). Store norske leksikon AS.
• Paulsen, Gard (2013). Det Norske Veritas. In Godal, Anne Marit (Eds.), Store norske leksikon (snl.no). Store norske leksikon AS.
• Paulsen, Gard (2012). Delegates of doubt: Changing institutions, mandates and aspirations in the international governance of technology in the 1970s and 1980s.
• Paulsen, Gard (2008). Offshore connections: Flows of information and flows of oil on the Norwegian continental shelf, 1971 – 2005.
• Paulsen, Gard (2008). Programmed tensions and standardized transitions: The design of CCITT’s programming language for telephone switches.
• Djønne, Ketil; Steinnes, Kristian; Paulsen, Gard & Andersen, Håkon With (2022). Rocking the boat. EU maritime safety policy and the international regime, 1975-2015. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. ISSN 2703-8084. 2022(1).
• Paulsen, Gard & Sogner, Knut (2011). Betwixt and between: Software in telecommunications and the programming language Chill, 1974-1999. Handelshøyskolen BI. ISSN 978-82-8247-031-5. Show summary

  This thesis studies the creation, use and ultimate demise of a rather peculiar high-level programming language named Chill.1 It was peculiar in its origin, a United Nations specialised agency. It was peculiar in its application area, which was programming of large-scale telecommunication switches. It was also peculiar in its process of realisation, which was done within an international committee, consisting of a number of computer scientists, telecommunication experts and bureaucrats from different organisations and countries. The negotiations went on inside the committee for almost six years before the language was unleashed in 1980, as an official recommendation of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). I analyse how the relative strength of two factors, the strategising of the telecommunication organisations and the norms of the communities of technological practitioners, oscillated throughout the periods of emergence, use and eventually demise – in short the full life cycle of the specific technology. Furthermore, I analyse how the unruly relationship between the dissolving international telecommunication regime, the communities of technological practitioners and the telecommunication organisations changed over time, and shaped Chill.

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