Elizaveta Khachaturyan

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). CONVERSAZIONI AD ALTA VOCE: L’INTENSITÀ ACUSTICA NEI DIALOGHI LETTERARI (STILE SCANDINAVO VS. STILE ITALIANO). I Jansen, Hanne; Lausten, Pia Schwarz & Strudsholm, Erling (Red.), Il panorama attuale dell’Italianistica in Scandinavia. franco cesati editore. ISSN 9791254962466. s. 229–246. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2024). The communicative process through the lens of metalinguistic expressions: Italian 'direi' ('I would say') and its Norwegian correspondences. I Petras, Cristina; Berbinski, Sonia; Vlad, Daciana & Balatchi, Raluca (Red.), Metalinguistic Markers: Emergence, Discourse, Variation. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783034349086. s. 639–660. doi: 10.3726/b21750. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The article analyses direi and its Norwegian correspondences retrieved in literary translations. The differences are explained through the form of the expressions analyzed. Direi, which contains the verb dire in the conditional mood, highlights the ambiguous position of the words: they transmit the speaker’s representation of the world to the hearer but can be interpreted differently by the hearer. Norwegian expressions, employed to translate direi, do not contain the verb of speech; they focus on the speaker’s personal point of view (e.g., jeg tror ‘I think’) or on the words as such (e.g., slags ‘kind’). These differences lead to a discussion of the linguistic specificity of metalinguistic expressions that may explain not only how the language shapes the speaker’s auto-perception, but also different theoretical approaches to the communication developed in linguistic studies within Romance and Germanic languages.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2023). Le portrait de già en italien : entre identité sémantique et variation. ELAD-SILDA : Études de Linguistique et d’Analyse des Discours. doi: 10.35562/elad-silda.1294. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Traditionnellement, quatre types d’emplois caractérisent già. Ce sont les emplois définis comme les emplois temporels, de renforcement, scalaires et les emplois absolus. Dans notre étude, nous formulons au départ une hypothèse sur l’identité sémantique de già à l’œuvre dans tous ses emplois. Gia est défini comme une particule énonciative jouant un rôle essentiel dans la construction du discours. La séquence p – portée de già – correspond au maintenant du discours, dans un rapport de discontinuité avec le contexte gauche, noté p’. Nous distinguons cinq grands types de variation de già où, en fonction du rapport entre p et p’, son identité sémantique se déploie de façon spécifique. Ces cinq types de variations sont décrits sur la base d’une analyse d’exemples authentiques.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2023). L’émotivité d’une langue à l’autre : La traduction des formes d’émotivité dans les dialogues littéraires (norvégien vs. italien et français). Synergies pays riverains de la Baltique. ISSN 1768-2649. 16, s. 71–88. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Les sujets parlants plurilingues se définissent souvent comme plus ou moins émotifs selon la langue qu’ils parlent. Est-ce qu’on peut expliquer cette auto-perception à travers les formes employées dans une même situation conversationnelle dans les langues différentes ? Pour répondre à cette question nous avons comparé comment l’émotivité est exprimée dans les dialogues littéraires dans un roman pour la jeunesse norvégien et dans ses traductions en italien et en français. L’analyse est concentrée sur trois formes : interjections, point d’exclamation et verba dicendi exprimant l’intensité. Elle montre comment les changements formels (tels qu’ajout, omission ou modification des formes analysées) peuvent intensifier ou mitiger le degré d’émotivité et la façon dont les participants sont engagés dans le procès communicatif.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2022). Crossing the Border between Two Spaces: Narration about the Migrant Crisis of 2015-2016 in Italian Newspapers. I Ortega, Nelson Arturo Gonzalez & García, Ana Belén Martínez (Red.), Representing 21st-Century Migration in Europe: Performing Borders, Identities and Texts. Berghahn Books. ISSN 9781800733800. s. 131–150. doi: 10.3167/9781800733800. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The 21st century has witnessed some of the largest human migrations in history. Europe in particular has seen a major influx of refugees, redefining notions of borders and national identity. This interdisciplinary volume brings together leading international scholars of migration from perspectives as varied as literature, linguistics, area and cultural studies, media and communication, visual arts, and film studies. Together, they offer innovative interpretations of migrants and contemporary migration to Europe, enriching today’s political and media landscape, and engaging with the ongoing debate on forced mobility and rights of both extra-European migrants and European citizens.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2021). Segnali discorsivi: problemi di acquisizione attraverso il corpus dell’italiano parlato SILaN, Actes du XXIXe Congrès international de linguistique et de philologie romanes (Copenhague, 1-6 juillet 2019). Editions de Linguistique et de Philologie. ISSN 9782372760515. s. 1497–1510. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2021). Caratteristiche sonore del messaggio comunicativo nei dialoghi trascritti: uno studio del verbo italiano 'esclamare' e del verbo norvegese 'å utbryte'. Status Quaestionis. 21, s. 61–86. doi: 10.13133/2239-1983/17685. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper investigates how the sonority of a communicative message is transmitted in fictional dialogues through the verba dicendi esclamare and å utbryte used to introduce direct speech. It compares dialogues from nine novels (four originals in Italian, and five in Norwegian) and their translations. The analysis of contexts of use of both verbs shows that esclamare is used to introduce various types of exclamative sentences and interjections. These forms of direct speech are introduced by a neutral verb å si in Norwegian narrations, that is translated in Italian by esclamare. However, in the Norwegian translations from Italian, in the same type of context the verb å utbryte is used. This divergence between the original and translated texts is interpreted from the point of view of the semantico-contextual properties of the verbs analyzed. The analysis leads to a discussion on how a communicative message is created and the process of communication is narrated in two languages, and how these differences may influence the perception of one language as more emotional than the other.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2020). Marqueurs discursifs du dire (français, russe, norvégien) Des sémantiques lexicales différentes pour des stratégies énonciatives similaires ? Internatics: sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication. ISSN 1634-8699. doi: 10.4000/corela.11158. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The communicative activity is based on the adjustment between two speakers because the relationship between words and things is not immediate and obligatory (Culioli). In what is said there is always the indicible (‘impossible to say’) that we don’t manage to express, and the words seem to be insufficient. The speaker tries to reformulate, to explain or to say in a different way, and the discourse markers ‘du dire’ (of the verb ‘say’) are often used in this case to show that what is said does not belong to the speaker (Paillard). The semantics of these discourse markers in French and Russian (i.e., disons and skažem) can be explained through the semantics of the verbs dire and skazat’. But what happens in Norwegian, where the expressions with the verb å si are not very frequent? We will analyze the expressions with the verbs å kale / å hete (‘to call’) that are focused on similar problems.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Sanz, Álvaro Llosa (2019). North and South as Spaces of Cultural Exchange. I Sanz, Álvaro Llosa & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (Red.), Scandinavia through Sunglasses: Spaces of Cultural Exchange between Southern/SouthEastern and Nordic Countries. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783631791608. s. 11–23. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2019). A la recherche des mots adéquats : le rôle de l’expression "devo dire" à l’oral. Studii de lingvistică. ISSN 2248-2547. 9(2), s. 131–149. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of the study is to show the role of the Italian expression devo dire in different contexts of use. The analysis is based on the approach elaborated in the studies of scholars belonging to the group of the French linguist A. Culioli. First, the forms devo and dire are analyzed and the general hypothesis on the semantics of the whole expression is formulated. After that, the contexts of use are analyzed. The analysis is focused on the formal properties of the context, which make possible the use of the expression, and on the effects of sense it creates. The analyzed data have been collected from two corpora of spoken Italian: LIP (Lingua Italiana Parlata) and SILaNa (Spoken Italian: Interviews about Language and Nation, built at the University of Oslo, accessible on-line). In the latter, the expression devo dire is quite frequent. This fact leads to a reflection on the relationship between the metadiscourse strategies and the type of discourse.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2019). Discourses about education: Norwegian universities seen by Italian academic staff. I Sanz, Álvaro Llosa & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (Red.), Scandinavia through Sunglasses: Spaces of Cultural Exchange between Southern/SouthEastern and Nordic Countries. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783631791608. s. 225–238. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2019). In search of appropriate words: The role of the Italian expression devo dire in oral discourse. Studii de lingvistică. ISSN 2248-2547. 9(2), s. 131–149. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2018). Dal testo alle parole: studi contrastivi. (introduzione). Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). 10(1), s. 3–11. doi: 10.5617/osla.6041. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Negli ultimi decenni gli studi contrastivi continuano ad espandere il loro dominio segnando così l’inizio di una nuova fase: dall’analisi dei fenomeni grammaticali – prevalente negli studi del secolo scorso – l’interesse dei ricercatori si sta rivolgendo ora sempre di più verso le differenze comunicative che caratterizzano le lingue e riguardano diversi livelli linguistici, dalle strutture morfosintattiche fino alle proprietà di carattere sociolinguistico e pragmatico. Il punto di partenza di uno studio contrastivo diventano pertanto il testo visto come realizzazione generale di un qualsiasi atto comunicativo e i mezzi linguistici usati per costruirlo. Così (come vedremo nelle sezioni successive) l’analisi si concentra sulle forme usate in un contesto specifico o in una situazione comunicativa prestabilita. Il presente articolo ha molteplici obiettivi. Oltre a introdurre i contributi del volume, esso si propone di descrivere il testo come oggetto di uno studio contrastivo individuando gli elementi importanti per la sua costruzione; e infine suggerisce possibili strade da seguire nei futuri studi italo-norvegesi, al momento ancora poco numerosi. L’articolo è diviso in tre parti: la presentazione del testo come materiale per l’analisi contrastiva nella prima sezione sarà seguita, nella seconda sezione, dalla descrizione dei due tipi di analisi effettuata su due livelli (la struttura testuale e le parole usate), e si concluderà nella terza sezione con la presentazione dei contributi di questo volume.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2018). Speaking about the past from different perspectives: the acquisition of Italian L2 by Norwegian and Russian learners. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). 10(1), s. 143–149. doi: 10.5617/osla.6047. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study investigates the influence of L1 language-specific patterns on the acquisition of L2 structures. The lack of certain grammatical categories is often compensated for at another level of linguistic structure. This study analyses how Italian past tenses (connected with the category of aspect) are acquired by Russian and Norwegian learners. In Norwegian, in contrast to Russian and Italian, there is no grammatical aspect. The data analyzed contain a written narration of a short story presented through four pictures and were collected from several groups of informants: Russian and Norwegian native speakers, learners of Italian (levels B1 and C1), and Italian native speakers (the control group). The results obtained show that Norwegian learners, independently of their level, use more temporal connectors in their narratives. However, verbal semantics or temporal connectors (usually considered to be triggers of Italian past tenses) do not help them use the correct form. Russian learners performed better on the test. Their errors show that the textual function of the verb is more important for them than its semantics. However, they overuse coordinative connectors (e ‘and’ and ma ‘but’) at the beginning of sentences. These results lead to further discussion of textual features in the three languages and the role of the tense-aspect category in text structure.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2018). Rol’ individual’nyx osobennostej rebenka v situatsii rannego detskogo trexjazychija (dva individual’nyx sluchaja). (The role of child’s individual features in early trilingual language acquisition (a comparative study of two cases)). Nauchnyj zhurnal Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences. ISSN 1992-6464. s. 133–141. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta; Fernàndez, Araceli Gòmez & Tarantino, Angela (2018). Acquisizione e apprendimento delle lingue - Presentazione. I Antonelli, Roberto; Glessgen, Martin & Videsott, Paul (Red.), Atti del XXVIII Congresso internazionale di linguistica e filologia romanza. Société de Linguistique Romane. ISSN 9791091460354. s. 1441–1446. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2018). Segnali discorsivi nel parlato: il caso di diciamo e insomma. Studi italiani di linguistica teorica e applicata. ISSN 0390-6809. 1, s. 119–139. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Camilotti, Silvia (2017). The Place of Language in (Re)constructing Identity: The Case of "Fortunate Immigrants" to/from Italy. Romance Studies. ISSN 0263-9904. 35(1), s. 31–47. doi: 10.1080/02639904.2017.1299911. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Based on an analysis of interviews (eighteen in total) conducted in Italy and Norway, this article explores how identity is (re)constructed in a new host society. It especially focuses on how the informants (‘fortunate immigrants’) define their national belonging. We discuss what status their language has for them, and whether language can be considered a symbol of that belonging. It is argued that the sociocultural context and the relationship between participants in social interaction (such as an interview) affect the responses. The divergence that emerged from the responses can be interpreted as emphasizing the differences between a multilingual and a monolingual society.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2017). Alterità e traduzione: il plurilinguismo nel testo accademico. I Gargiulo, Marco; Collella, Gianluca; Aresti, Alessandro & Wärnhjelm, Vera Nigrisoli (Red.), Edito, inedito, riedito. Pisa University Press. ISSN 9788867418473. s. 249–260. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2017). Codeswitching by a Trilingual Child During the First Years of Life. I Lopez, Laura Alvarez (Red.), Romance Languages. Multilingualism and Language Acquisition. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783631717585. s. 123–142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2016). L'alterité dans l'unité: l'acquisition simultanée de trois langues. I Vladimirska, Elena & Ponchon, Thierry (Red.), Dire l'autre, voir autrui. L'Harmattan. ISSN 9782343099231. s. 67–88. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2016). Individual'nyj podxod k usvoeniju jazyka (analiz rechi trexjazychnyx sester.)(Individual approach to the language acquisition: data from two trilingual sisters). I Tsejtlin, Stella N. (Red.), Liki bilingvisma. (Different faces of bilingualism). Zlatoust. ISSN 9785865478263. s. 82–92. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Vladimirska, Elena (2015). Vraiment/veramente: analogies et contrastes. I Zuloaga, Margarida Borreguero & Ferary, Sonia Gomez-Jordana (Red.), Les marqueurs du discours dans les langues romanes: une approche contrastive. Lambert-Lucas. ISSN 9782359351187. s. 75–87. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Shaping Cultural Identity through Language: Various Types of Cultural Content in Textbooks. I Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (Red.), Language-Nation-Identity: the "Questione della Lingua" in an Italian and Non-Italian Context. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISSN 9781443872065. s. 144–165. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2014). Reported Speech in Russian and in Italian: verbs of Speech and particles. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). 6(1), s. 53–67. doi: 10.5617/osla.727. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2013). La sémantique des marqueurs discursifs du dire vue à travers la sémantique verbale. L’analyse des verbes dire/dire en français et en italien. I Herrero, Emili Casanova & Rigual, Cesareo Calvo (Red.), Actes del 26e Congres de Linguistica i Filologia Romaniques. vol.1-8. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783110299793. s. 207–223. doi: 10.1515/9783110299939.207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2013). Acquisition of Italian object clitics by a trilingual child. I Salvesen, Christine Meklenborg & Helland, Hans Petter (Red.), Challenging Clitics. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027255891. s. 233–254. doi: 10.1075/la.206.10kha. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2013). L'emploi du verbe dire avec la négation. L'étude contrastive des Constructions ne skazhu, ne govorju, non dico en russe et en italien, La linguistique de la contradiction. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9782875740533. s. 263–278. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2011). Introduction to the volume of OSLa on Discourse markers in Romance languages. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). 3(1), s. 1–5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2011). Una classificazione dei segnali discorsivi in italiano. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). 3(1), s. 95–116. doi: 10.5617/osla.185. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2011). Segnali discorsivi: problemi d'insegnamento e alcune soluzioni. Arena Romanistica. ISSN 1890-4580. 8, s. 295–300. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2011). Disons et pour ainsi dire, deux marqueurs de la non-prise en charge? I Dendale, Patrick & Coltier, Danielle (Red.), La prise en charge énonciative. Etudes théoriques et empiriques. De Boeck Universite. ISSN 9782801116432. s. 163–181. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2010). The Function of Mitigation in Spoken Language. Analysis of tak skazat’ (Russian) and diciamo (Italian). Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). 2, s. 393–412. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2010). Problèmes de description des marqueurs discursifs comme illustration de quelques idées de Damourette et Pichon. I Arrivé, Michel; Toke, Valelia Muni & Normand, Claudine (Red.), De la grammaire à l’inconscient dans les traces de Damourette et Pichon. Lambert-Lucas. ISSN 9782359350227. s. 63–71. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2009). Les mots du discours: le lien entre les propriétés sémantico-contextuelles et les propriétés prosodiques (analyse des mots du discours italiens davvero et veramente). Travaux linguistiques du CERLICO. ISSN 0995-2411. 22, s. 189–207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2009). Dico (en italien): syntaxe et sémantique. Arena Romanistica. ISSN 1890-4580. s. 182–192. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2009). Segnali discorsivi formati dal verbo dire. Approccio semantico, Atti Dell'VIII Congresso Degli Italianisti Scandinavi. Instituto di Lingue, Letteratura e Cultura. ISSN 9788799319305. s. 348–362. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2008). The North seen by People from the South. Italian Explorers about the Arctic. The Journal of Giacomo Bove. Nordlit. ISSN 0809-1668. s. 205–216. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2008). Les mots du discours de dire. Analyse contrastive. Estudos Linguìsticos. Linguistic Studies.. ISSN 1647-0346. s. 287–314. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2007). Marqueurs de reformulation formés à partir du verbe dire. I Bot, Marie-Claude Le (Red.), Actes du Colloque international « Voies de la reformulation : contraintes – objectifs, stratégies. Université de Rennes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2007). Les mots du discours et la communication verbale. Problèmes d’organisation de la communication. I Trotter, David (Red.), Actes du XXIV Congrès International de Linguistique et de Philologie Romanes (CILPR). Max Niemeyer. ISSN 9783484505001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2005). Skazat’ / govorit’ (en russe) : une paire aspectuelle ? Faits de Langues. ISSN 1244-5460. 25, s. 119–122. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2004). Tak skazat’ ou le désengagement du locuteur. Slovo. Etudes linguistiques et sémiotiques. Revue de Recherche Russes et Euro-Asiatique.. ISSN 0183-6080. 30-31, s. 107–137. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2002). Analisi contestuale dei segnali discorsivi (indagine su diciamo). Studi italiani di linguistica teorica e applicata. ISSN 0390-6809. s. 245–258. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2001). Sul segnale discorsivo senti. Studi di Grammatica Italiana. ISSN 0391-4151. XX, s. 127–137. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). Italian Words: a Practical Introduction to the Italian Lexical System. Routledge. ISBN 9781032615356. 139 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The book offers a detailed description of the Italian lexicon explaining the organization of Italian words in a system and the functioning of this system. It highlights the specific features of Italian words offering a cross-linguistic comparison and cultural insights. What is a word and what is typical for Italian words? How words’ meaning can be described and how are words assigned to objects? How are words (seen as lexical items) connected? How was the first dictionary of Italian created? What can we learn about the world and about the speaker through the words used? - The book provides answers to these, and other similar, questions. This book is ideal for intermediate to advanced students of Italian and can be used alongside a grammar or textbook. It will also be a valuable read for anyone interested in or looking to learn more about the Italian language and culture.

• Sanz, Álvaro Llosa & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2019). Scandinavia through Sunglasses: Spaces of Cultural Exchange between Southern/SouthEastern and Nordic Countries. Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISBN 9783631791608. 241 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Language-Nation-Identity: the "Questione della Lingua" in an Italian and Non-Italian Context. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443872065. 176 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2005). Diskursivnye slova glagol'nogo proisxozhdenija: nekotorye printsipy semantiko-kontekstnogo analiza. (Segnali discorsivi di origine verbale: analisi semantico-contestuale). RGGU, Institut jazykoznanija RAN. ISBN 9785728103905. 112 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2003). Semanticheskaja struktura slova "skazhem": obscaja otvetstvennost' i uslovnaja adekvatnost'. Azbukovnik. ISBN 9785937860408. 2008 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). Che cosa vuol dire imparare una lingua (riflessioni intorno al libro "Italian Words"). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). Water imagery in a Russian children’s novel from the 20th centuryBetween the 19th century traditions and new tendences. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In 19th-century Russian literature, water plays two important roles. First, starting with Pushkin’s fairy tale about the Fisherman and the Fish (1833), sea water is used to depict emotional states, escalating from 'being calm' to 'becoming furious. Second, in the second half of the 19th century, the river becomes a setting for social conflicts: a place of entertainment for the rich and a place of work for the very poor. I will show how these two traditional images of water are re-elaborated in a famous children’s novel Dinka by Valentina Oseeva (1959). This is a fictional narrative set in early 1900s Russia and based on real events from the author’s biography. The rivers, Volga and Dnepr, become important places in the plot and in describing the characters’ evolution. They are utilized on several levels in the story narrated, assuming aesthetic, metaphoric, and ethical dimensions: 1) in describing the girl’s difficult relationships with other people and conveying her various emotional states; (2) in depicting the social oppositions characterizing Russian society before the revolution of 1917; and (3) in illustrating different attitudes toward new places and spaces where the main characters move and act.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). Comment construire l’incertitude (le russe vs l’italien et le français). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Si on regarde comment les marqueurs discursifs (a priori intraduisibles) sont traduits dans les dialogues littéraires, on peut remarquer une série de modifications dans le texte. Ces modifications peuvent être divisées en trois groupes : 1) la substitution du marqueur en tant que tel par un autre marqueur ou plusieurs marqueurs avec des fonctions comparables ; 2) les changements dans les commentaires fournies par le narrateur (p.ex., la substitution des verbes qui commentent le discours direct) ; et 3) la modification de la ponctuation (Khachaturyan 2022). Ces trois niveaux de modification sont présents dans l’exemple ci-dessous utilisé comme point de départ de notre analyse. L’emploi du marqueur russe pozhaluj sera au centre de l’analyse. D’après le dictionnaire d’Ozhegov, dans la situation d’emploi où pozhaluj introduit la réponse à une question, il est considéré une particule qui exprime un accord incertain (voir aussi Kisseleva & Paillard 1998). Ainsi, on peut supposer que les traducteurs construisent l’incertitude, en utilisant les moyens disponibles, selon la langue. Dans l’exemple (1), pozhaluj est traduit par les marqueurs appartenant aux classes différentes (d’après D. Paillard, 2009, 2017) : direi en italien est un marqueur de dire et enfin est un marqueur de point de vue, l’expression si vous voulez est ajoutée. En outre, la ponctuation et les commentaires du narrateur (exprimés par le verbe) sont aussi modifiés. (On peut remarquer également qu’en norvégien la particule vel et la construction ‘nous pouvons dire’ sont employées.) D’après la classification des marqueurs proposée par Denis Paillard (Paillard 2017), chaque MD à partir de sa forme et la sémantique met en évidence différentes positions de la scène énonciatives. La présence de l’énonciateur (S0) et du co-énonciateur (S1) est construite, donc, différemment. Est-ce que l’incertitude (ou l’hésitation) en tant que procès mental mis en mot (à l’aide des marqueurs accompagnés par l’intonation transmise par la ponctuation à l’écrit) peut avoir les facettes différentes, selon le marqueur employé pour la transmettre ? Dans ma communication, pour mettre en évidence les différences dans la construction de l’incertitude, je vais analyser les marqueurs présents dans l’exemple (1). Par la suite, je vais réfléchir sur le rôle des verbes qui les introduisent. a) Quel est le rôle des verbes (commentant le discours direct) qui décrivent l’état mental du locuteur ? b) Peut-on dire que dans un dialogue littéraire les participants au dialogue (i.e., les personnages littéraires) sont les locuteurs dont la position énonciative est construite par les marqueurs employés ? c) Peut-on dire que l’auteur du texte (y compris le traducteur) est le sujet parlant qui ajoute des commentaires supplémentaires pour rendre la situation plus claire ?

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). Le silence : qu’est-ce que le silence ? (en russe et en italien). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  D’après Le Robert, le mot silence a deux définitions : 1) ‘fait de ne pas parler’ et 2) ‘absence de bruit’. En italien, le mot silenzio est défini comme : 1) ‘assenza di ogni forma di rumore, di suono, di voce’ et 2) ‘il tacere e non produrre rumori di qualsiasi tipo’. On peut observer que dans le premier cas, la définition italienne est construite à travers le substantif négatif (‘assenza’), dans le second cas, à travers un verbe nominalisé ‘il tacere’ (se taire). Il est intéressant que le substantif et le verbe ont deux origines différentes en italien et en français : silenzio / silence – tacere / se taire. En italien un troisième élément doit être ajouté : stare zitto (verbe + adjectif) qui se traduit en français comme ‘garder le silence’, mais l’énoncé Zitto ! peut être traduit soit comme Silence ! soit comme Tais-toi ! La construction stare zitto est beaucoup plus fréquente à la différence du verbe tacere. La distinction entre les deux est souvent expliquée par les propriétés stylistiques, mais il sera intéressant de trouver les paramètres linguistiques. En russe, il existe deux mots : molchanie (‘le fait de ne pas parler’) et tishina (‘absence de bruit’). Cependant la distinction n’est pas si claire. Pour donner un ordre de cesser de parler on peut employer : Tishina ! (‘Silence’) ou Tikho ! (l’adverbe de la même origine), mais on ne peut pas dire Molchanie ! (avec le substantif). Pourtant on peut employer le verbe à l’infinitif molchat’ ! qui est de la même origine du substantif molchanie. L’exclamation che (bel) silenzio ! employée pour décrire la situation soit à table où personne ne parle soit dans la forêt, correspond en russe à Tishina!, mais non pas à Molchanie ! (qui n’est possible que dans la situation où quelqu’un doit parler mais ne le fait pas). En tenant compte de toutes ces observations préliminaires, je voudrais créer une comparaison plus complète et détaillée des constructions de silence employées en deux (trois) langues en utilisant les modes dense-discret-compact. Cela me conduira à la question de l’appartenance catégorielle des unités lexicales. Références Culioli, A. (1990). Pour une linguistique de l’énonciation. Opérations et représentations. Tome 1. Paris, Ophrys.

• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2025). Conversazioni ad alta voce: stile scandinavo e stile italiano a confronto (analisi dei dialoghi letterari nella narrativa contemporanea)(Investigating different selves in different languages). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  I parlanti plurilingui spesso si definiscono come più o meno emotivi a seconda della lingua che parlano. In effetti, la sonorità e l’intensità del messaggio comunicativo sono due caratteristiche frequentemente menzionate per distinguere lo stile conversazionale italiano da quello scandinavo. Ma si tratta davvero solo di una percezione individuale, che può variare a seconda del parlante? Oppure è possibile descrivere lo stile come una scelta predefinita imposta dal sistema di ogni lingua? In altre parole, possiamo affermare, usando la terminologia saussuriana, che alcuni tratti e scelte stilistiche fanno parte di la langue? Per rispondere a queste domande, analizzeremo i dialoghi letterari originali e le traduzioni tratte dalla narrativa contemporanea osservando le modifiche apportate nel discorso diretto e nel commento dell’autore (o traduttore) che lo accompagna. Ci concentreremo, in particolare, sull’uso delle interiezioni, della punteggiatura e dei verba dicendi (o commenting verbs). Queste osservazioni ci porteranno ad effettuare un’analisi su tre livelli: semantico, testuale e acquisizionale.

• Santos, Diana; Khachaturyan, Elizaveta; Preminger, Michael; Tveit, Åse Kristine & Bick, Eckhard (2025). Reading Food: Presenting its infrastructure and user interface(s). doi: https:/www.linguateca.pt/Diana/download/AprDHKO.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2024). Between the universal and language-specific features of the communicative process (Italian dico and direi and its Norwegian correspondences). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Preminger, Michael; Tveit, Åse Kristine; Khachaturyan, Elizaveta; Kaasa, Janicke S.; Santos, Diana & Bick, Eckhard (2023). Second "Food and Drink" workshop. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2021). Introduzione al numero speciale "Italian-Norwegian Dialogue. Communication and Narration Between Grammar and Culture". Status Quaestionis. 21, s. 11–13. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2017). Book review: Laurence Rouanne et Jean-Claude Anscombre (dir.), Histoires de dire: Petit glossaire des marqueurs formés sur le verbe dire. (Sciences pour la communication, 119.) Bern: Peter Lang, 2016, 376 pp. 978 3 0343 2098 6 (broché), 978 3 0351 0947 4 (PDF), 978 3 0343 2309 3 (EPUB). Journal of French Language Studies. ISSN 0959-2695. doi: 10.1017/S0959269517000126. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Söhrman, Ingmar (2017). National Symbols across Time and Space: Preliminary Remarks. Romance Studies. ISSN 0263-9904. 35(1), s. 1–2. doi: 10.1080/02639904.2017.1306188. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  National symbols never leave one indifferent: they either appeal or repeal. It is therefore very important to know how symbols appeal to people and to whom, by whom and under what circumstances they appeal. This special issue provides some relevant examples that illustrate the place of national symbols at various times and in different countries. [...]

• Rodina, Yulia & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2016). Learning to spell in two orthographically distinct alphabetic writing systems: Evidence from Norwegian-Russian bilinguals. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Marqueurs discursifs du dire en italien et en norvégien : Syntaxe-sémantique ou structure de la langue ? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Etude contrastive des marqueurs discursifs: comment expliquer les differences et les similitudes? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rodina, Yulia & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). BiLit: Acquisition of literacy in bilingual Norwegian- Russian children: Mainstream and complementary schools in Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Tempi del passato: prospettive diverse. Conseguenze per l’acquisizione dell’italiano come L2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Introduction. I Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (Red.), Language-Nation-Identity: the "Questione della Lingua" in an Italian and Non-Italian Context. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISSN 9781443872065. s. 1–5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Camilotti, Silvia (2015). Migrating symbols: how to maintain the national belonging. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). Early acquisition of verbal system by a trilingual child. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2015). En parlant du passé: étude contrastive des temps du passé dans trois langues (italien, norvégien, russe). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Kazakovskaja, Victoria (2015). Caregiver communicative strategies for successful acquisition in a monolingual and multilingual environment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Rodina, Yulia (2015). The interface of bilingual language proficiency and family language policy: Methodological considerations. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Margareth & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2011). Introduzione. Arena Romanistica. ISSN 1890-4580. 8, s. 9–12. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grønn, Atle; Hauge, Kjetil Rå; Khachaturyan, Elizaveta & Saric, Ljiljana (2010). From RuN to RuN-Euro: a multilingual parallel corpus at the University of Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2008). Le conditionnel des langues romanes et les particules russes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2008). La relation entre le conditionnel et les particules russes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Margareth & Khachaturyan, Elizaveta (2011). Atti del IX Congresso degli Italianisti Scandinavi. University of Bergen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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