Cristina Archetti

• Archetti, Cristina (2017). Image, self-presentation and political communication in the age of interconnection: An alternative understanding of the mediatization of politics. Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook.  ISSN 1601-829X.  15(1), s 89- 109 . doi: 10.1386/nl.15.1.89_1
• Archetti, Cristina (2017). Narrative Wars: Understanding Terrorism in the Era of Global Interconnectedness, In Alister Miskimmon; Ben O'Loughlin & Laura Roselle (ed.),  Forging the World: Strategic Narratives and International Relations.  University of Michigan Press.  ISBN 978-0472130214.  Chapter 9.  s 218 - 245
• Stanyer, James; Archetti, Cristina & Sorensen, Lone (2016). The United Kingdom: Hybrid Populisms, Mixed Fortunes, and Unstable Support, In Toril Aalberg; Frank Esser; Carsten Reinemann; Jesper Strömbäck & Claes De Vreese (ed.),  Populist Political Communication in Europe: Comprehending the Challenge of Mediated Political Populism for Democratic Politics.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-1138654792.  Chapter 13.  s 165 - 177
• Archetti, Cristina (2015). Bringing Back Emotion, Imagination and the Senses: Creative Writing in Journalism Research. International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics.  ISSN 1740-8296.  11(2), s 239- 249 . doi: 10.1386/macp.11.2.239_3 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Archetti, Cristina (2015). Journalism, Practice and…Poetry: The Unexpected Effects of Creative Writing on Journalism Research. Journalism Studies.  ISSN 1461-670X.  18(9), s 1106- 1127 . doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2015.1111773 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Archetti, Cristina (2015). Terrorism, Communication and New Media: Explaining Radicalization in the Digital Age. Perspectives on Terrorism.  ISSN 2334-3745.  9(1), s 49- 59 Vis sammendrag

  This article aims to demonstrate that a greater understanding of communication in the 21st century is essential to more effective counterterrorism. In fact, while “strategic communication” and “narratives” are advocated by many analysts as essential weapons in countering extremism, few seem to truly understand the reality of the digital-age information environment where such tools need to be deployed. To contribute to bridging this gap, the article outlines some problematic misunderstandings of the contemporary information environment, provides an alternative communication-based framework to explain radicalization, and draws some counterintuitive lessons for tackling terrorism.

• Archetti, Cristina (2014). Journalism & the City: Redefining the Spaces of Foreign Correspondence in London and Oslo. Journalism Studies.  ISSN 1461-670X.  15(5), s 586- 595 . doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.894354 Vis sammendrag

  Place matters a great deal in journalism, even in the era of the “death of geography.” Yet space never produces effects through its existence alone. To understand the relevance of location beyond its most immediate assigned role of “logistic constraint,” we must rework not only our understanding of journalism, but of the whole social world. This article presents a comparative analysis of foreign correspondents’ practices in London and Oslo. The foreign journalists’ experiences in the case studies are analytically dissected through the lens of Bruno Latour’s Actor Network Theory (ANT). The analysis shows the utility of the application of Latour’s framework to the study of international journalism in two respects. First, by mapping how local practices—identities, newsgathering routines and story outputs—are relationally constructed through the interactions of social actors, technologies and material infrastructures, ANT provides an understanding of the role of location that transcends the merely physical and geographical dimensions. Second, by showing how situated practices are the outcomes of unique network configurations, ANT questions the validity of any generalized one-size-fits-all statements about the current state of foreign correspondence.

• Archetti, Cristina (2013). Journalism in the Age of Globalization: The Evolving Practices of Foreign Correspondents in London. Journalism - Theory, Practice & Criticism.  ISSN 1464-8849.  14(3), s 419- 436 . doi: 10.1177/1464884912472140 Vis sammendrag

  The article challenges the widespread notion that, in the age of global and instantaneous communication, foreign correspondence is becoming ‘redundant’. Based on a range of in-depth interviews with foreign correspondents in London, it examines the identity, newsgathering routines, and outputs of journalists working for a range of foreign media organizations. The study suggests that foreign correspondence is indeed evolving, but that the changes are not necessarily for the worse. In fact, not only are foreign journalists not disappearing, but the heavy use of new communication technologies – rather than leading to superficial and low-quality reporting – also supports the pursuit of exclusive news-story angles and a fuller delivery of the correspondent’s value.

• Archetti, Cristina (2012). The Impact of New Media on Diplomatic Practice: An Evolutionary Model of Change. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy.  ISSN 1871-1901.  7(2), s 181- 206 . doi: 10.1163/187119112X625538 Vis sammendrag

  Based on a range of interviews with foreign diplomats in London, this article explains the considerable variation in the way that communication technologies both affect diplomatic practices and are appropriated by diplomats to pursue the respective countries’ information-gathering and public outreach objectives. The study shows that London, as an information environment, is experienced differently by each of the diplomats and embassy actors. The analysis elaborates a model of the ‘communication behaviour’ of foreign diplomats, based on an evolutionary analogy: foreign diplomats in the context of the British capital, within their respective embassy organizations, can each be compared to the members of a species that is attempting to survive in a natural environment. The nuances highlighted by the explanatory model challenge the largely homogeneous and generalized nature of current debates about media and diplomacy, as well as public diplomacy.

• Archetti, Cristina (2012). Which Future for Foreign Correspondence? London Foreign Correspondents in the Age of Global Media. Journalism Studies.  ISSN 1461-670X.  13(5-6), s 847- 856 . doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2012.664352 Vis sammendrag

  Place matters a great deal in journalism, even in the era of the “death of geography.” Yet space never produces effects through its existence alone. To understand the relevance of location beyond its most immediate assigned role of “logistic constraint,” we must rework not only our understanding of journalism, but of the whole social world. This article presents a comparative analysis of foreign correspondents' practices in London and Oslo. The foreign journalists' experiences in the case studies are analytically dissected through the lens of Bruno Latour's Actor Network Theory (ANT). The analysis shows the utility of the application of Latour's framework to the study of international journalism in two respects. First, by mapping how local practices—identities, newsgathering routines and story outputs—are relationally constructed through the interactions of social actors, technologies and material infrastructures, ANT provides an understanding of the role of location that transcends the merely physical and geographical dimensions. Second, by showing how situated practices are the outcomes of unique network configurations, ANT questions the validity of any generalized one-size-fits-all statements about the current state of foreign correspondence.

• Archetti, Cristina (2011). Friend or Foe? Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Political Communication. European Political Science.  ISSN 1680-4333.  10(4), s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1057/eps.2011.40 Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this article is questioning the commonly held assumption that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is necessarily good for students. Drawing on the experience of teaching a postgraduate module about terrorism and the media as a case study, it shows that PBL can definitely benefit the Political Communication curriculum. However, this is only part of the story. PBL, in fact, appears to have an ‘amplifier’ effect on the learning outcomes of a module: the achievement of outstanding results for those who are committed to the coursework; lower achievement than would have been gained through more ‘traditional’ learning methods for those who do not fully engage with it. As the case study suggests, students’ individual expectations and previous experiences of coursework, although currently overlooked, appear to make all the difference within the learning process.

• Archetti, Cristina (2010). Comparing International Coverage of 9/11: Towards an Interdisciplinary Explanation of the Construction of News. Journalism - Theory, Practice & Criticism.  ISSN 1464-8849.  11(5), s 567- 588 . doi: 10.1177/1464884910373536 Vis sammendrag

  This article presents an interdisciplinary model attempting to explain how news is constructed, by relying on the contributions of different fields of study: News Sociology, Political Communication, International Communications, and International Relations. It is a first step towards developing a holistic theoretical approach to what shapes the news that bridges current micro to macro approaches. More precisely, the model explains news variation across different media organizations and countries by focusing on the different ways the sense of newsworthiness of journalists is affected by three main variables: national interest, national journalistic culture, and the editorial policy of each media organization. The model is developed on the basis of an investigation into what shaped the media coverage of 9/11 in eight elite newspapers across the USA, France, Italy and Pakistan.

• Archetti, Cristina (2008). News Coverage of 9/11 and the Demise of the Media Flows, Globalization and Localization Hypotheses. International Communication Gazette.  ISSN 1748-0485.  70(6), s 463- 486 Vis sammendrag

  An international comparative study of the elite press framing of 9/11 in the US, Italy, France and Pakistan reveals that there is little empirical backing for the claims of three core strands of research about news exchanges within the field of international communications. The findings of the empirical investigation neither support the existence of international news flows, nor the idea that news is becoming homogenized on a global scale. The analysis does not suggest a localization of news at a national level either. News coverage, instead, appears to be markedly different at the level of the single newspaper and this can be explained through different variables than the international macro-processes addressed by news studies within the field. The analysis fundamentally suggests that, if research within international communications wants to explain news in the information age, it needs to broaden its horizons and to adopt a multidisciplinary perspective that includes both the analysis of national political processes and a deeper understanding of the dynamics of news production in each single media organization.

• Archetti, Cristina (2008). Unamerican Views”: Why US-Developed Models of Press-State Relations Don’t Apply to the Rest of the World. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture.  ISSN 1744-6708.  5(3), s 4- 26 . doi: 10.16997/wpcc.87 Vis sammendrag

  The article shows the limitations of the “indexing” hypothesis, an influential conceptualization of state-press relations based on the notion that the media tend to reproduce the range of debate within political elites. The hypothesis, as confirmed by an international comparative investigation of the elite press coverage of 9/11 in the US, Italy, France, and Pakistan, cannot be applied outside the American context. The analysis finds that the variation in the levels of correlation between elite press coverage and governmental discourse are explained by previously neglected variables: national interest, national journalistic culture, and editorial policy within each media organization. The article argues that more international comparative research and multidisciplinary approaches are needed in order to renew old paradigms, especially at a time when the distinction between foreign and domestic politics is disappearing.

• Archetti, Cristina (2007). A Multidisciplinary Understanding of News: Comparing Elite Press Framing of 9/11 in the US, Italy, France and Pakistan. Journal of International Communication.  ISSN 1321-6597.  13(1), s 86- 118 . doi: 10.1080/13216597.2007.9674709 Vis sammendrag

  Political Communications, International Communications, News Sociology, all claim to offer an explanation for what shapes the news, but provide extremely different, if not contradictory suggestions. Political communications almost takes for granted the fact that official actors have a major role in shaping news stories at the national level. International Communications points at several possibilities: structural economic imbalances lead to unidirectional news flows from rich countries towards poor countries; globalization causes news to become homogenised on a worldwide scale; news is geared to the tastes of local audiences by national news producers. News sociology, instead, argues that the news product of each media organization is the unique output of patterns of social interactions among media professionals. An international comparative study of the elite press framing of 9/11 in the US, Italy, France, and Pakistan reveals the limits of these approaches: none of them alone is able to explain the patterns of news contents that were detected in the empirical investigation. The analysis suggests that the content of press coverage in the newspapers under analysis is more effectively explained in terms of selection of newsworthy sources, guided by national interest, journalistic culture, and editorial policy. The study points to the benefit of adopting international comparative research designs and fundamentally argues that, if we want to explain news in the information age, we need to approach its study in a multidisciplinary perspective.

• Archetti, Cristina (2004). Are the Media Globalizing Political Discourse? The War On Terrorism Case Study. International Journal of the Humanities.  ISSN 1447-9508.  2, s 1301- 1308 . doi: HC04-0158-2004 Vis sammendrag

  The article challenges the claim that an increasingly global media is creating a homogenisation of political discourses at the international level. In particular, it explores the extent to which the U.S. government managed to affect global perceptions of the War On Terrorism through the media in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 events. The research starts from the consideration that the U.S. government created, through the repetition of consistent messages, a very specific interpretation of the 9/11 events (a War On Terrorism frame) and attempted to export it globally in order to support its own foreign policy objectives. The analysis then focuses on the comparison between the War On Terrorism frame as delivered by the U.S. government and its reproduction within both the political and media discourses in a range of local cases at the international level. They include the U.S., France, Italy and Pakistan. The research questions current literature on globalisation by drawing on political communications’ framing theory. More in detail, it suggests first that there is no evidence of an on-going globalisation of either political or media discourses; secondly that the local nation-state level plays a key role in understanding the mechanisms of frames’ spreading at the global level; and thirdly that national culture is a major determinant in defining local political and media discourses’ contents, even in presence of a strong persuasion attempt by a powerful international actor such as the U.S. government.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Archetti, Cristina (2014). Politicians, Personal Image and the Construction of Political Identity: A Comparative Study of the UK and Italy. Palgrave Pivot.  ISBN 1137353414.  108 s.
• Archetti, Cristina (2012). Understanding Terrorism in the Age of Global Media: A Communication Approach. Palgrave Macmillan.  ISBN 978-1-137-29138-7.  218 s.
• Archetti, Cristina (2010). Explaining News: National Politics and Journalistic Cultures in Global Context. Palgrave Macmillan.  ISBN 978-0-230-10966-7.  258 s.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin