Gunn Enli

• Enli, Gunn; Raats, Tim; Syvertsen, Trine & Donders, Karen (2019). Media policy for private media in the age of digital platforms. European Journal of Communication.  ISSN 0267-3231.  34(4), s 395- 409 . doi: 10.1177/0267323119861512 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Syvertsen, Trine; Donders, Karen; Enli, Gunn & Raats, Tim (2019). Media disruption and the public interest. Nordic Journal of Media Studies.  ISSN 2003-184X.  1(1), s 11- 28 . doi: 10.2478/njms-2019-0002 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Syvertsen, Trine & Enli, Gunn (2019). Digital detox: Media resistance and the promise of authenticity. Convergence. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies.  ISSN 1354-8565.  26(5-6) . doi: 10.1177/1354856519847325 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Bruns, Axel & Enli, Gunn (2018). Norwegian Twittersphere. Dynamics and Structure. Nordicom Review.  ISSN 1403-1108.  39(1), s 129- 148 . doi: 10.2478/nor-2018-0006 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Donders, Karen; Enli, Gunn; Raats, Tim & Syvertsen, Trine (2018). Digitisation, internationalisation, and changing business models in local media markets: an analysis of commercial media’s perceptions on challenges ahead. Journal of Media Business Studies.  ISSN 1652-2354.  15(2), s 89- 107 . doi: 10.1080/16522354.2018.1470960 Vis sammendrag

  Most research on the changes affecting commercial media focuses on big markets and, except in some instances, fails to incorporate media managers’ views. By investigating perceptions of private media managers in two small markets, this article fills that void.It analyses how mainly legacy media managers view the impact of market and societal dynamics such as digitisation, internationalisation, and changing business models, and discusses the strategies and priorities they envisage to handle current challenges. Data collection rests on 20 expert interviews with high-level management in Flanders and Norway. The analysis builds on the main challenges identified in the literature, with a focus on the robustness versus fragility of small media markets. The main finding is that respondents do not go along with a doom scenario of their market, recognising though that the extent to which their companies and media ecosystems used to be shielded away from international trends and competition is over. Connecting with audiences is considered to be of pivotal importance in developing new business models.

• Enli, Gunn & Rosenberg, Linda Therese (2018). Trust in the Age of Social Media: Populist Politicians Seem More Authentic. Social Media + Society.  ISSN 2056-3051.  4(1), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1177/2056305118764430 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn & Syvertsen, Trine (2018). Public Service in Europe: Five Key Points, In Des Freedman & Vana Valbot (ed.),  A Future of Public Service Television.  MIT Press.  ISBN 9781906897710.  8.  s 83 - 91
• Enli, Gunn; Syvertsen, Trine & Mjøs, Ole Johan (2018). The welfare state and the media system: The role of media and communications in the evolution and transformation of Scandinavian welfare states. Scandinavian Journal of History.  ISSN 0346-8755.  43(5), s 601- 623 . doi: 10.1080/03468755.2018.1474023 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn (2017). New Media and Politics. Annals of the International Communication Association.  ISSN 2380-8985.  s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1080/23808985.2017.1392251 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn (2017). Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election. European Journal of Communication.  ISSN 0267-3231.  32(1), s 50- 61 . doi: 10.1177/0267323116682802 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn & Simonsen, Chris-Adrian (2017). 'Social Media Logic' Meets Professional Norms: Twitter Hashtag Usage by Journalists and Politicians. Information, Communication & Society.  ISSN 1369-118X.  21(8), s 1081- 1096 . doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1301515
• Enli, Gunn & Syvertsen, Trine (2017). 25 år med kommersiell allmennkringkasting TV 2s historie gjennom redaktørblikket. Norsk Medietidsskrift.  ISSN 0804-8452.  24(3), s 1- 17 . doi: 10.18261/issn.0508-9535-2017-03-02 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kalsnes, Bente; Larsson, Anders Olof & Enli, Gunn (2017). The social media logic of political interaction: Exploring citizens’ and politicians’ relationship on Facebook and Twitter. First Monday.  ISSN 1396-0466.  22(2) . doi: 10.5210/fm.v22i2.6348 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn (2016). "Trust me, I am Authentic!" Authenticity Illusions in Social Media Politics, In  The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics.  Routledge.  ISBN 9781138860766.  Kapittel 8.  s 121 - 137
• Enli, Gunn & Naper, Anja Aaheim (2016). Social Media Incumbent Advantage: Barack Obama's and Mitt Romney's Tweets in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election Campaign, In  The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics.  Routledge.  ISBN 9781138860766.  Chapter 26.  s 364 - 378 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn & Syvertsen, Trine (2016). The end of televisiona-again! How TV is still influenced by cultural factors in the age of digital intermediaries. Media and Communication.  ISSN 2183-2439.  4(3A), s 142- 153 . doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.547 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  How TV Is Still Influenced by Cultural Factors in the Age of Digital Intermediaries.

• Syvertsen, Trine; Enli, Gunn; Mjøs, Ole Johan & Moe, Hallvard (2016). The Media Welfare State: Nordic Media in Times of Change, In Ulla Carlsson (ed.),  Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition. Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age.  Nordicom.  ISBN 978-91-87957-22-2.  chapter 2.  s 19 - 26
• Enli, Gunn (2015). Politisk logikk eller medielogikk? - Norske partilederes strategier, imagebygging og autentisitet i sosiale medier :. Norsk Medietidsskrift.  ISSN 0804-8452.  22(3), s 1- 19 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn & Skogerbø, Eli (2015). Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics: Twitter and Facebook as arenas for political communication, In Gunn Enli & Hallvard Moe (ed.),  Social Media and Election Campaigns - Key Tendencies and Ways Forward.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-1-13-893046-9.  6.  s 119 - 135
• Enli, Gunn & van den Bulck, Hilde (2014). Bye bye "Hello ladies?" In-vision announcers as continuity technique in a European postlinear television landscape: The case of flanders and Norway. Television & New Media.  ISSN 1527-4764.  15(5), s 453- 469 . doi: 10.1177/1527476412462143
• Enli, Gunn (2013). Defending Nordic Children Against Disney. PSB Children's Channels in the Age of Globalization. Nordicom Review.  ISSN 1403-1108.  34(1), s 77- 90 . doi: 10.2478/nor-2013-0044 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn; Moe, Hallvard; Sundet, Vilde Schanke & Syvertsen, Trine (2013). From fear of television to fear for television: five political debates about new technologies. Media History.  ISSN 1368-8804.  19(2), s 213- 227 . doi: 10.1080/13688804.2013.791420
• Enli, Gunn & Skogerbø, Eli (2013). Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics. Information, Communication & Society.  ISSN 1369-118X.  16(5), s 757- 774 . doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2013.782330
• Enli, Gunn & Staksrud, Elisabeth (2013). PSB Serving Children. Past, Present and Future, In Ulla Carlsson (ed.),  Public service media from a Nordic horizon : politics, markets, programming and users.  Nordicom.  ISBN 978-91-89471-85-6.  Chapter 7.  s 117 - 130
• Enli, Gunn & van den Bulck, Hilde (2013). Flow under Pressure: Television Scheduling and Continuity Techniques as Victims of Media Convergence?. Television & New Media.  ISSN 1527-4764.  s 1- 4 . doi: 10.1177/1527476413505920
• Enli, Gunn (2012). From parasocial interaction to social TV: Analysing the host–audience relationship in multi-platform productions. Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook.  ISSN 1601-829X.  10(1), s 123- 137 . doi: 10.1386/nl.10.1.123_1
• Enli, Gunn & Thumim, Nancy (2012). Socializing and Self-Representation online: Exploring Facebook. Observatorio (OBS*).  ISSN 1646-5954.  6(1), s 87- 105
• Enli, Gunn (2011). Ramin-Osmundsen går av : historien om en politisk skandale. Norsk Medietidsskrift.  ISSN 0804-8452.  18(2), s 120- 139
• Enli, Gunn & Trappel, Josef (2011). Online Media: Changing Provision of News, In Josef Trappel (ed.),  Media in Europe Today.  Intellect Ltd..  ISBN 9781841504032.  Chapter 6.  s 97 - 115
• Enli, Gunn (2010). La television estatal y la audiencia infantil en la era digital. Infoamerica communication review.  ISSN 1696-2257.  s 81- 93
• Enli, Gunn; D'Arma, Alessandro & Steemers, Jeanette (2010). Serving Children in Public Service Media, In Gregory Ferrell Lowe (ed.),  The Public in Public Service Media.  Nordicom.  ISBN 9789189471948.  Kapittelnummer 12.  s 227 - 243
• Enli, Gunn & McNair, Brian (2010). Trans-National Reality TV: A Comparative Study of the U.K.'s and Norway's Wife Swap, In Nico Carpentier & Sofie van Bowel (ed.),  Trans Reality Television.  Lexington Books.  ISBN 9780739131886.  Chapter 14.  s 205 - 277
• Enli, Gunn (2009). "- Statsråd du lyver!" Politisk kommentarjournalistikk i Ramin-Osmundsen saken, I: Sigurd Allern & Ester Pollack (red.),  Skandalenes markedsplass. Politikk, moral og mediedrev.  Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-0847-0.  Kapittel 7.
• Enli, Gunn (2009). Kampen om markedsmakt i riksdekkende radio en komparativ analyse av oppstartfasen i P4 og Kanal 24. Norsk Medietidsskrift.  ISSN 0804-8452.  16(1), s 4- 24
• Enli, Gunn (2009). Mass Communication Tapping into Participatory Culture Exploring Strictly Come Dancing and Britain's Got Talent. European Journal of Communication.  ISSN 0267-3231.  24(4), s 481- 493 . doi: 10.1177/0267323109345609
• Enli, Gunn (2008). "Ja til et fargerikt fellesskap!" Utvelgelse av SMS i debattprogrammer, I: Gunn Enli & Eli Skogerbø (red.),  Digitale dilemmaer. Nye medieformer, nye utfordringer.  Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 9788205384125.  Kapittel.  s 61 - 78
• Enli, Gunn (2008). Redefining Puiblic Service Broadcasting. Multi-Platform Participation. Convergence. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies.  ISSN 1354-8565.  14(1), s 105- 120
• Beyer, Yngvil; Enli, Gunn; Maasø, Arnt & Ytreberg, Espen (2007). Small talk makes a big difference: recent developments in interactive, SMS-based television. Television & New Media.  ISSN 1527-4764.  8(3), s 213- 234 Vis sammendrag

  The article discusses key features of SMS-based television. It has a particular focus on the shift from one-way broadcast communication toward two-way interactivity, and on new forms of user participation through SMS-based television's interactive design interfaces. The article presents a multimodal analysis of design in SMS-based television formats, a discourse analysis of their roles and interactions, and a typology of their degrees of interactivity. It also draws on interviews with industry decision-makers and on relevant statistics. The article develops a conceptual interest, introducing some neologisms to account for the original textual features of SMS-based television. Its designs are analyzed using a concept of "zones," while its roles and interactions are seen as linking these zones by means of "axes." In closing it is suggested that SMS-based television presents us with interactivity as a realized, albeit mundane, fact rather than as a future promise.

• Enli, Gunn (2007). Gatekeeping in te New media Age: A case Study of the Selection of Text-Messages in a Current Affairs Programme. Javnost - The Public.  ISSN 1318-3222.  14(2), s 47- 63
• Enli, Gunn & Sundet, Vilde Schanke (2007). Strategies in times of regulatory change: a Norwegian case study on the battle for a commercial radio licence. Media, Culture and Society.  ISSN 0163-4437.  29(5), s 707- 725 . doi: 10.1177/0163443707078426 Vis sammendrag

  For broadcasting institutions regulated with a time-limited licence agreement, one of the most crucial times is when the licence period expires and a new licence agreement has to be negotiated. Such a key moment opens up changes in the broadcasters’constraints and unmasks hidden external conditions and conflicts. As a consequence, the broadcasting institutions have to battle for dominance and control in different arenas, each arena demanding different strategies and skills. What are the main institutional strategies used in the different arenas? How do differences in the institutions’ resources and capital influence their choice of strategies? And which arena is the most important to master in order to succeed as a commercial broadcaster with public service obligations? The article draws on empirical evidence from a Norwegian case study, where two private radio institutions battled: first for the same national radio licence agreement and then – when a second licence agreement was handed out – for the same market segments of listeners and advertisers.

• Enli, Gunn & Syvertsen, Trine (2007). Participation, Play and Socialising in New Media Environments, In Virginia Nightingale & Tim Dwyer (ed.),  New Media Worlds. challenges for convergence.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 9780195558364.  9.  s 147 - 163
• Syvertsen, Trine; Enli, Gunn & Sæther, Susanne Østby (2006). Frustrerte fruer, fotballmilliarder og framtidsvisjoner: TV 2 etter tiårsjubileet, I: Trine Syvertsen; Gunn Enli & Susanne Østby Sæther (red.),  Et hjem for oss - et hjem for deg? Analyser av TV 2. 2 utgave.  IJ-forlaget.  ISBN 9788271473013.  Innledningskapittel.  s 14 - 34
• Enli, Gunn (2005). Fenomenet SMS-TV. Institusjonelle strategier og semi-privat interaksjon. Norsk Medietidsskrift.  ISSN 0804-8452.  12(2), s 116- 135
• Enli, Gunn & Sundet, Vilde Schanke (2004). "Fornyelse vil være det normale". Mediepolitiske utfordringer og markedsaktørenes strategier i kampen om konsesjonen for riksdekkende radio (P4) i Norge. Nordicom Information.  ISSN 0349-5949.  26(1), s 59- 70
• Enli, Gunn (2002). På din side. Folkelighet og alliansebygging i TV 2s aktualitetsprogram, I: Gunn Enli; Trine Syvertsen & Susanne Østby Sæther (red.),  Et hjem for oss - et hjem for deg? Analyser av TV2 1992-2002.  IJ-Forlaget AS.  ISBN 82-7147-220-8.  s 72 - 98 Vis sammendrag

  Programmene TV 2 hjelper Deg. Riktes Tilstand og Tabloid er sentrale komponenter i TV 2s sendeskjema- og er betydningsfulle for kanalens identitet og profil ettersom aktualitetsprogram spiller en vesentlig rolle for profilbyggingen av kanaler med allemnnkringkastingsoppdrag på den ene siden og kommersielle interesser på de andre. I disse tre programmene finner man en front mot autoriteter, der TV 2 tar parti med den lille mann i møtet med storsamfunnets urimeligheter, trangsynthet og regelrytteri.

• Enli, Gunn (2001). "Tromsø inn i TV-alderen. Nærbilde av et tidsskille", i Bastiansen og Meland (red.) (2001): Fra Eidsvoll til Marienlyst, I: Henrik Grue Bastiansen & Øystein Meland (red.),  Fra Eidsvoll til Marienlyst, Studier i norske mediers historie fra Grunnloven til TV-alderen.  Høyskoleforlaget, Kristiansand.  ISBN 82-7147-209-7.  s 240 - 257

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• Bruns, Axel; Enli, Gunn; Skogerbø, Eli; Larsson, Anders Olof & Christensen, Christian (2016). The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics. Routledge.  ISBN 9781138860766.  538 s.
• Enli, Gunn (2015). Mediated authenticity : how the media constructs reality. Peter Lang Publishing Group.  ISBN 978-1-4331-1485-4.  164 s.
• Enli, Gunn & Moe, Hallvard (ed.) (2015). Social Media and Election Campaigns - Key Tendencies and Ways Forward. Routledge.  ISBN 978-1-13-893046-9.  150 s.
• Syvertsen, Trine; Enli, Gunn; Mjøs, Ole Johan & Moe, Hallvard (2014). The Media Welfare State. Nordic Media in the Digital Era. University of Michigan Press.  ISBN 978-0-472-05215-8.  156 s.
• Enli, Gunn; Moe, Hallvard; Sundet, Vilde Schanke & Syvertsen, Trine (2010). TV - en innføring. Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-01629-0.  286 s.
• Enli, Gunn; Risan, Lars; Eriksen, Siri E H; Christophersen, Morten & Tkachenko, Elena (2009). Handbok for ferske forelesere. Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-01548-4.  143 s.
• Enli, Gunn & Skogerbø, Eli (red.) (2008). Digitale dilemmaer. Nye medieformer, nye utfordringer. Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 9788205384125.  165 s.
• Syvertsen, Trine; Enli, Gunn & Sæther, Susanne Østby (red.) (2006). Et hjem for oss - et hjem for deg? Analyser av TV 2. 2 utgave. IJ-forlaget.  ISBN 9788271473013.  342 s.
• Enli, Gunn; Syvertsen, Trine & Sæther, Susanne Østby (red.) (2002). Et hjem for oss - et hjem for deg?. IJ- forlaget, Kristiansand.  ISBN 82-7147-220-8.
• Enli, Gunn; Syvertsen, Trine & Sæther, Susanne Østby (red.) (2002). Et hjem for oss - et hjem for deg? Analyser av TV2 1992-2002. IJ-Forlaget AS.  ISBN 82-7147-220-8.
• Enli, Gunn; Sæther, Stig & Syvertsen, Trine (red.) (2002). TV2 1992-2002: "Et hjem for oss, Et hjem for deg?". Høgskoleforlaget, Kristiansand.  ISBN 82-7147-220-8.

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• Enli, Gunn (2019, 29. november). Perfekt-effekten.  Aftenposten.
• Enli, Gunn & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2019). Mikroutdanninger gir nye muligheter for videreutdanning. Uniforum.  ISSN 1891-5825.
• Frølich, Nicoline; Mangset, Marte; Teigen, Mari; Liestøl, Knut; Enli, Gunn & Christensen, Lina (2019, 11. oktober). Endelig likestilling? Ikke ennå.. [Tidsskrift].  Forskerforum.no.
• Enli, Gunn (2017). Persuasive Attacks on Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Primary. Presidential Studies Quarterly.  ISSN 0360-4918.
• Kalsnes, Bente; Larsson, Anders Olof & Enli, Gunn (2016). The social media logic of political interaction: Exploring citizens€ and politician relationships on Facebook and Twitter.
• Enli, Gunn (2015). P4, I: Anne Marit Godal (red.),  Store norske leksikon (snl.no 2015).  Store norske leksikon AS.  Artikkel.
• Enli, Gunn (2015, 15. august). Politisk kommentator ved lokalvalget 2015.  Asker og Bærums Budstikke.
• Enli, Gunn (2015). Sosiale medier i valgkamp og politisk debatt.
• Enli, Gunn & Moe, Hallvard (2015). Introduction: Social Media and Election Campaigns: Key Tendencies and Ways Forward, In Gunn Enli & Hallvard Moe (ed.),  Social Media and Election Campaigns - Key Tendencies and Ways Forward.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-1-13-893046-9.  Introduction.  s 1 - 10
• Enli, Gunn & Syvertsen, Trine (2015). Allmennkringkasting, I: Anne Marit Godal (red.),  Store norske leksikon (snl.no 2015).  Store norske leksikon AS.  artikkel.
• Syvertsen, Trine & Enli, Gunn (2015). NRK, I: Anne Marit Godal (red.),  Store norske leksikon (snl.no 2015).  Store norske leksikon AS.  artikkel.
• Enli, Gunn & Moe, Hallvard (2013). Introduction to special issue: Social media and election campaigns – key tendencies and ways forward. Information, Communication & Society.  ISSN 1369-118X.  16(5), s 637- 645 . doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2013.784795
• Larsson, Anders Olof & Enli, Gunn (2013, 09. mai). Flinkiser på Twitter og FB.  Aftenposten.
• Larsson, Anders Olof; Kalsnes, Bente; Moe, Hallvard; Skogerbø, Eli & Enli, Gunn (2013). Twitter Use during the 2013 Norwegian Elections – Some Initial Insights.
• Syvertsen, Trine; Enli, Gunn; Mjøs, Ole Johan & Moe, Hallvard (2013). The Media Welfare State: Nordic Media in the Era of Globalization.
• Syvertsen, Trine; Enli, Gunn; Mjøs, Ole Johan & Moe, Hallvard (2013). The Media Welfare State: The Informational, Cultural and Democratic Safety Net of the Nordic Model?.
• Enli, Gunn & Skogerbø, Eli (2012). A New Device in the Toolbox The Role of Social Media in Norwegian Election Campaigns.
• Enli, Gunn & Berges Saura, Laura (2011). Commercial Television: Business in Transition, In Josef Trappel (ed.),  Media in Europe Today.  Intellect Ltd..  ISBN 9781841504032.  Chapter 5.  s 79 - 97
• Enli, Gunn & Ihlebæk, Karoline Andrea (2011). 'Dancing with the audience': Administrating vote-ins in public and commercial broadcasting. Media, Culture and Society.  ISSN 0163-4437.  33(6), s 953- 962 . doi: 10.1177/0163443711412299
• Enli, Gunn; Moe, Hallvard; Sundet, Vilde Schanke & Syvertsen, Trine (2010). NRK gjør TV stuerent. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Enli, Gunn & Ihlebæk, Karoline Andrea (2009). The ethics of viewer influence and return path economy in multiplatform TV. Exploring the format Strictly Come Dancing.
• Enli, Gunn; Moe, Hallvard; Sundet, Vilde Schanke & Syvertsen, Trine (2009). Fears and Fascinations: Five debates about television.
• Storsul, Tanja; Arnseth, Hans Christian; Bucher, Taina; Enli, Gunn; Hontvedt, Magnus; Kløvstad, Vibeke & Maasø, Arnt (2008). New web phenomena. Government administration and the culture of sharing. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Storsul, Tanja; Arnseth, Hans Christian; Bucher, Taina; Enli, Gunn; Hontvedt, Magnus; Kløvstad, Vibeke & Maasø, Arnt (2008). Nye nettfenomener. Staten og delekulturen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Enli, Gunn (2007, 21. desember). NRK Radio, Medieprogrammet Kurer. [Radio].
• Enli, Gunn (2007). The Participatory Turn in Broadcast Television, Institutional, editorial and textual challenges and strategies. Acta Humaniora. 309. Vis sammendrag

  The television industry faces new challenges in the digital age, as a result of forces such as deregulation, digitalisation, and convergence. The thesis investigates how increased focus on audience participation is a strategy to meet challenges, and to expand the TV-companies activities to digital platforms such as the Internet and the mobile phone. The thesis opens with a conceptual discussion of audience participation, and argues for the term’s relevance in studies of entertainment and popular journalism genres. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the research questions: (1) Why do the broadcasters enable new forms of audience participation, (2) how do the institutions construct alliances with their audiences, and (3) what characterizes the institutional, editorial and textual challenges related to the new participatory formats? The first part of the thesis discusses institutional strategies for audience participation, and points to ratings, revenue and legitimacy as the key rationales for enabling viewer involvement in programming. The strategies for participation involved a set of challenges for the media companies, related to the limitations of one-way communication in television for interactive purposes. The thesis explores three central institutional strategies for overcoming these challenges: new digital return channels, extended scheduling, and renewed TV-genres. The thesis demonstrates that new forms of audience participation adopt and intensify basic features of popular journalism. The second part examines audience participation in the realm of popular journalism, and editorial challenges related to combining journalism and audience-produced material. The analysis finds that the new challenges were handled through traditional ‘gatekeeping’ methods for selection and edition of incoming material. In addition, the chapter identified the moderator as the modern gatekeeper, but pinpointed that the new function in media production had considerably lower status than the original ‘Mr. Gates’. The low status of audience contributions as editorial raw material was also suggested as an explanation for why fabrication of text messages was included in the editorial practise. The third part analyzes textual techniques for generating viewer response in broadcast television productions. The analysis demonstrate how participation is enabled in the realm of the popular, and how central characteristics of popular journalism are expanded in order to achieve audience response. The thesis identifies six key methods for textual implementation of audience participation: personalization, liveness, therapy, storytelling, provocation, and morality. Towards the end, the thesis discusses further societal implications of the increased focus on audience participation in broadcast media, with emphasis on media literacy and new competence requirements, media-centrism and the media’s role in the public sphere, and audience-produced material in the context of participatory journalism.

• Ytreberg, Espen; Sundet, Vilde Schanke & Enli, Gunn (2007). Participation and play in converging media - prosjektpresentasjon.
• Enli, Gunn (2006). Entertaining the Citizen: When Politics and Popular Culture Converge. International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics.  ISSN 1740-8296.  2(1), s 105- 113
• Enli, Gunn (2005, 05. september). Fast deltaker i TV-panel i kulturbeitet. [Radio].  NRK P2.
• Enli, Gunn (2005, 19. juli). debatt om radiokonsesjoner. [TV].  NRK 1.
• Enli, Gunn & Sundet, Vilde Schanke (2005). Institutional strategies in times of regulatory change: Radio institutions battling for dominance in a political, symbolic, legal and economic arena.
• Enli, Gunn & Sundet, Vilde Schanke (2004). Radiokamp for galleriet. Dagens næringsliv.  ISSN 0803-9372.
• Enli, Gunn (2001). Norsk allmennradio og de fire markedene.
• Enli, Gunn (2001). Norsk kringkastingshistorie.
• Enli, Gunn (2001). Norsk kringkastingshistorie.

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