Kristin Bech

• Bech, Kristin (2024). The Old English quantifiers fela ‘many’ and manig ‘many’, and Ælfric as a linguistic innovator. I Bech, Kristin & Pfaff, Alexander Peter (Red.), Noun phrases in early Germanic languages. Language Science Press. ISSN 9783961104673. s. 111–141. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin; Booth, Hannah; Börjars, Kersti; Breban, Tine; Petrova, Svetlana & Walkden, George (2024). Noun phrase modifiers in early Germanic: A comparative corpus study of Old English, Old High German, Old Icelandic, and Old Saxon. I Bech, Kristin & Pfaff, Alexander Peter (Red.), Noun phrases in early Germanic languages. Language Science Press. ISSN 9783961104673. s. 71–109. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2019). Contextualizing Old English noun phrases. I Bech, Kristin & Möhlig-Falke, Ruth (Red.), Grammar - Discourse - Context. Grammar and Usage in Language Variation and Change. De Gruyter Mouton. ISSN 9783110682496. s. 15–48. doi: 10.1515/9783110682564-002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This three-part study considers adjectival modification in Old English noun phrases from a micro-level perspective. In the first part, I outline and discuss Fischer’s (2000, 2001, 2006, 2012) and Haumann’s (2003, 2010) academic exchange on the topic. Fischer’s proposal is that there is a relation between adjective position on the one hand, and definiteness, declension and linear iconicity on the other, while Haumann proposes that pre- or postnominal position follows from interpretive contrasts, such as attribution vs. predication, individual-level vs. stage-level reading, given vs. new information, and restrictive vs. non-restrictive modification. In the second part, I carry out a close reading of noun phrases taken from two Old English texts, Cura Pastoralis and the West-Saxon Gospels, focusing on constructions with conjoined adjectival modification. I show that neither Fischer’s nor Haumann’s generalizations can account for the distribution. Finally, in the third part of the study, I turn to noun phrases containing prenominal or postnominal adjectival present participles in Cura Pastoralis. Here the focus is on the intertextual relation between the original Latin text and the translation into Old English, which sheds light on noun phrase structure.

• Möhlig-Falke, Ruth & Bech, Kristin (2019). Grammar – discourse – context. Grammatical variation and change and the usage-based perspective. I Bech, Kristin & Möhlig-Falke, Ruth (Red.), Grammar - Discourse - Context. Grammar and Usage in Language Variation and Change. De Gruyter Mouton. ISSN 9783110682496. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1515/9783110682564-001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Bech, Kristin & Pfaff, Alexander Peter (2024). Noun phrases in early Germanic languages. Language Science Press. ISBN 9783961104673. 422 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin Johanne (2022). Fra englisc til English. Et språk blir til. Andre utgave. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253043098. 261 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Möhlig-Falke, Ruth (2019). Grammar - Discourse - Context. Grammar and Usage in Language Variation and Change. De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN 9783110682496. 375 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Bech, Kristin (2026). The Bayeux tapestry comes home. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  For the first time in history, the Bayeux Tapestry, made in England in the years after the Norman Conquest, is on loan from France to England. The British Museum expects it to be the most visited exhibition in the history of the museum. Even the British tabloids write about it. But why this unprecedented level of excitement? This talk tells the story of the Bayeux Tapestry, reflecting on its artistic, historical and cultural significance.

• Bech, Kristin (2026). English in the world. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2026). Studenter skriver bevisst dårligere for å unngå KI-mistanke. — Ikke gjør det. [Journal]. Khrono. doi: https:/www.khrono.no/studenter-skriver-bevisst-darligere-for-a-unnga-ki-mistanke-ikke-gjor-det/1052217. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2026). Bayeux-teppet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2026). 1500 years of English. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2026). Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2026). 2000 years of influence. How Latin has shaped English. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2025). A glimpse into the rich and exciting history of the English language. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2025). How language works in the brain. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2025). How language works in the brain. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Næss, Åshild (2025). Trenger vi Khronos lister over mestpubliserende forskere? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2025). Akademisk frihet gjelder også undervisning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Nilsen, Christine Meklenborg (2025). Bayeux-teppet er mye mer enn 93 peniser. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Garbacz, Piotr (2024). Lær av finanseliten: Sats i dårlige tider! Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). Når forskning går ut over studentene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). English in the world. Foredrag i forbindelse med skolebesøk fra Foss videregående skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). A guided tour through 1500 years of English. Foredrag på Åpen Dag på HF-fakultetet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). A guided tour through 1500 years of English. Foredrag på Åpen Dag på UV-fakultetet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Pfaff, Alexander Peter (2024). Preface. I Bech, Kristin & Pfaff, Alexander Peter (Red.), Noun phrases in early Germanic languages. Language Science Press. ISSN 9783961104673. s. iii–ix. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). The story of English. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Garbacz, Piotr (2024). Vi HF bytte ut arbeidsregnskap med dugnad? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Breban, Tine (2024). Postnominal adjectives in Old English revisited: a reductive comparative approach. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). The history of English - an overview. Foredrag på sommerskole for studenter. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Garbacz, Piotr (2024). Demokratisering av administrativ ledelse i akademia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). Tunes of time - a musical lecture about the history of English. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). Intervju med Marit Lobben om hennes bok 'Språkhjernen'. (Merk at Cristin ikke har kategorien 'live-intervju', og forlanger at man angir mediumtype, så jeg bare satte det i kategorien 'internett', selv om det ikke stemmer). [Internet]. HumSam-biblioteket Georg Sverdrup. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2024). The periphrastic perfect: HAVE + participle in the Ormulum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Heide, Eldar & Bech, Kristin (2024). Episode 62. Språkmøte på vikingferder. Samtale med språkhistorikar Kristin Bech. [Radio]. Podkasten Tru og meining i gammal tid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Garbacz, Piotr (2024). Svar til dekanen angående arbeidspliktbestemmelsene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Presentasjon om engelskstudier og om engelsk språkhistorie for en videregående-klasse fra Lørenskog videregående skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Lojalitet betyr ikke fravær av kritikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Presentasjon om engelskstudier og om engelsk språkhistorie for hele vg1-trinnet på Nadderud videregående skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Presentasjon om engelskstudier og om engelsk språkhistorie for en videregående-klasse fra Lørenskog videregående skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Arbeidslivsrelevans: Studentene kan senke skuldrene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Da vikingene kom til England. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). A linguistic innovator in the 10th century. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). On the Old English quantifiers 'fela' and 'manig'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin; Keskitalo, Aili & Lane, Pia (2023). Språk i grenseland: Samisk, kvensk, finsk og norsk i Finnmark. [Journal]. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift (NNT). doi: 10.18261/nnt.40.1.5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). Fra englisc til English: Språk og historie i 1500 år. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). The history of English from 450 to 2023. Musikalsk forelesning med livefremføring av sanger fra britisk historie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2023). "It's a river, this language". Om språkendring og et språk som har forandret seg til det ugjenkjennelige: engelsk. Samfunnsviter'n. s. 25–25. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Engelsk: communicate. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Santos, Diana & Bech, Kristin (2022). Mirim. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). 800 år engelsk språkhistorie på 30 minutter. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Da vikingene kom til England. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin Johanne (2022). Debt, island, night. Hvorfor er engelsk staving så innmari vanskelig? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Intervju/samtaleleder med Aili Keskitalo og Pia Lane i forbindelse med arrangementet "Språk i grenseland: samisk, kvensk, finsk og norsk i Finnmark" under Ordfestivalen 2022. (Merk at Cristin ikke har kategorien 'live-intervju', og forlanger at man angir mediumtype, så jeg bare satte det i kategorien 'internett', selv om det ikke stemmer). [Internet]. Ordfestivalen 2022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Intervju/samtaleleder med Kristina Solum, Tor Tveite og Hedda Vormeland under arrangementet "Kulturkontakt i skjønnlitterær oversettelse" under Ordfestivalen 2022. (Merk at Cristin ikke har kategorien 'live-intervju', og forlanger at man angir mediumtype, så jeg bare satte det i kategorien 'internett', selv om det ikke stemmer). [Internet]. Ordfestivalen 2022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Historien om engelsk - musikalsk språkhistorieforedrag. Bidrag under Ordfestivalen 2022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Intervju i Uniforum i forbindelse med Ordfestivalen 2022. [Internet]. Uniforum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Intervju i HF-aktuelt i forbindelse med Ordfestivalen 2022. [Internet]. HF-aktuelt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Fra english til English: Språk og historie i 1500 år. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2022). Fra english til English: Språk og historie i 1500 år. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Språkvitenskapen og nasjonen. Språknytt. ISSN 0333-3825. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Historien til Oxford English Dictionary. [Radio]. Studio 2, P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Språkvitenskap og nasjonsbygging på 1800-tallet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Nedelius, Sabina (2021). Engelsk: mistakable. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Norsk: nokon, noen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Karakterbegrunnelser - et lite bærekraftig system. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Tapt rikdom. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Hindi: rimjhim. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Er eksamen læring eller vurdering? Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Deltagelse på programmet 'Ukeslutt' for en liten samtale med Ina Wroldsen og skoleelev Marta Aspehaug om engelsk i norsk. [Radio]. NRK Radio. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Teaching English Grammar pre and post (and during) covid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Review of 'Developments in English historical morpho-syntax' (2019), ed. by Claudia Claridge and Birte Bös, John Benjamins. Language. ISSN 0097-8507. 97(2). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). "En helt (u)alminnelig akademiker". Portrettintervju i Apollon. [Journal]. Apollon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). 'Fela' and 'manig': 'Indefinite quantifiers' in Old English. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2021). Noun phrases in Old Germanic languages. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Intervju i Forskerforum om kjønn i akademia. [Journal]. Forskerforum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Where do English words come from, and why is English spelling so difficult? Foredrag på etterutdanning for lærere, Raufoss. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Fra englisc til English - språk og historie i 2000 år. Foredrag for Fusa senioruniversitet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Intervju i Vårt Land i forbindelse med Ordfestivalen. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Intervju om Ordfestivalen i Språkteigen. [Radio]. Språkteigen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Deltok i P2-programmet Studio 2, hvor jeg snakket om Ordfestivalen 2020 generelt, og om ordplakatene fra engelsk og norsk spesifikt. [Radio]. Studio 2, P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Intervju med Helene Uri i arrangementet 'Hvem sa hva - Helene Uri om ord og kjønn' under Ordfestivalen 2020. (Merk at Cristin ikke har kategorien 'live-intervju', og forlanger at man angir mediumtype, så jeg bare satte det i kategorien 'internett', selv om det ikke stemmer). [Internet]. Ordfestivalen 2020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). 'Nå får språkene på HF sin egen festival'. Intervju i HF aktuelt i forbindelse med Ordfestivalen 2020. [Internet]. HF aktuelt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Hvor kommer ordene i engelsk fra? Foredrag på Åpen Dag for elever i videregående. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Intervju i Uniforum i forbindelse med Ordfestivalen 2020 og publikumsrekord for en spesialutgave av Eides språksjov. [Internet]. Uniforum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Flognfeldt, Mona Evelyn; Ronæs, Mary Ann; Bech, Kristin; Ahmadian, Shilan & Holm, Thea (2020). Invitert innlegg: Faglig frokost. Hva er nytt i det nye engelskfaget? Livsmestring - Mangfold - Relevans. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2020). Where do English words come from? Undervisningstime på Kuben videregående skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2019). Noun phrases in early Germanic languages - and Anglo-Norman? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2019). Annotating noun phrases in the noun phrase database. Part of project workshop. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2019). Gjest i undervisningsdekan Gunn Enli podkast "Undervisningsplikten". [Radio]. Podkasten "Undervisningsplikten". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2019). Corpora and digital resources for the study of syntax in the history of English (and beyond). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin (2019). Fra englisc til English - språk og historie i 2000 år. Foredrag for Arna senioruniversitet, Bergen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Tveitan, Veronica Dahlby (2024). Word order patterns in Old and Middle English conjunct clauses. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This thesis investigates the word order patterns of Old and Middle English conjunct main clauses. The study has three main parts: The first part is concerned with describing the word order patterns of conjunct clauses, with a special focus on subjectless clauses. The second part investigates the various clause elements that occur in the conjunct clauses, i.e. subjects, verbs, and selected other constituents (X elements). The third and final main part of the thesis is concerned with the possible influence of Latin in translated texts, and compares the use of verb-final clauses in translated and non-translated Old English texts. While many studies have been carried out on conjunct clauses in recent years, few studies have included clauses without overt subjects. In an effort to include subjectless clauses in my study, I have created guidelines to hypothesise about the most likely placement of the subject in the subjectless clauses. When a placement for the subject is postulated, the clause can be analysed into word order patterns in the same way as conjunct clauses with overt subjects. The data for this study consists of 1,000 conjunct clauses from the YCOE and PPCME2 corpora, of which 500 are subjectless clauses (in which a placement for the subject has been hypothesised). My investigation of word order patterns finds that there is great word order variation in Old English, but this variation declines in the course of the period. By the Middle English period, there is significantly less variation. I find that subjectless clauses have a different word order distribution than clauses with overt subjects and tend to have SVX word order. My study also shows some possible influence of Latin on the use of conjunct clauses with complex verb phrases with the order lexical verb–auxiliary verb in translated texts. This thesis sheds further light on word order and on subjectless clauses in particular. The study shows that through an annotation effort, it is possible to include subjectless clauses in word order studies. Furthermore, it shows that it is worthwhile to include these clauses, as they have a different word order distribution than clauses with overt subjects. Keywords: historical linguistics, syntax, Old English, Middle English, language change, word order, conjunct clauses, coordinate clauses, subjectless conjunct clauses

• Bech, Kristin & Brevik, Ingrid (2024). Differences in collocation and semantic nuance between common Old English synonyms. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The study uses a collocation tool based on a corpus of Old English prose to investigate the difference in meaning and usage between a selection of common synonyms in Old English.

• Bech, Kristin; Kleivane, Elise & Bradley, Connor (2023). Lost in Translation? An Interdisciplinary Investigation of Mutual Intelligibility Between Old Norse and Old English Speech Communities. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Heggestad, Nikolai Vindvad (2022). Language change in the 'Peterborough Chronicle': A study of the evolution of case marking and word order in transitional English. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Peterborough Chronicle is a piece of historical English prose that shows signs of language change. The whole text contains annals that span from the years 1 to 1154. Most research on the Peterborough Chronicle focuses on annals 1070–1154, where the language transitions from Old to Middle English, most notably in morphology. Prior research on the Peterborough Chronicle shows that case marking was mostly as we would expect of standard iv Old English in the annals 1070 to 1121. Starting in 1122, the language shows significant change, namely the leveling of case forms and loss of inflections. By the end of 1154, case marking is virtually gone, with only essential inflections and occasional residual case inflections remaining. This thesis aims to trace language change in the Peterborough Chronicle specifically in inflection and use of case and in word order. Through close reading of the Peterborough Chronicle, this study identifies case constructions, specifically noun phrases and prepositional phrases, as well as any potential irregular features that could indicate language change in a sample of text drawn from the Chronicle. The study also identify word order patterns throughout the sample of data from the text. All the findings are compiled into a Filemaker database, from which I, through organization and quantification of the findings, conduct an analysis of the findings to identify what changes take place, in which sequence the changes take place, and the magnitude of the changes. The way this is done is by calculating the relative frequencies the features in the findings, and comparing changes in frequency of features throughout the text. The most important indicators of language change are irregular case features, which steadily become more common as the Chronicle progresses, and eventually displace the Old English standard entirely by the end. Word order in this period begins to favor subject-verb orders, but verb-second remains in production by the end of the Chronicle. Changes in word order within the Peterborough Chronicle are very slight, suggesting that word order change is not correlated with change in case marking. Instead, word order change might be connected more closely to changes in narrative style, which in turn suggest that information structure has significant bearing on word order in Old English. This study also attempts to ascertain what impact the number of scribes might have on conclusions regarding language change.

• Bech, Kristin & Syslak, Taran (2022). 'I'll bring you away from here': A corpus-based study of the Irish English use of bring. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study presents an investigation of the Irish English use of bring. Previous observations state that bring is used in a broader sense in Irish English than in other varieties of English. This is because the Irish English bring can be used to describe movement in the direction away from the speaker, in addition to the traditional use when it is used to move something towards the speaker. The use of bring in Irish English where other varieties would use take is argued to have derived from the Irish grammar of beir and tog. The study aims to find out 1) to what extent this Irish English use of bring is found in the two corpora and 2) how is bring used in the Irish English way. The study uses data from two corpora: the International Corpus of English (ICE) and the Limerick Corpus of Irish English (L-CIE). Findings in this study suggest that Irish English indeed do use bring in a broader sense, but mainly in spoken informal language. The use of bring where other English varieties would use take is not found in the written data of this study.

• Bech, Kristin & Bougroug, Siham (2021). The mandative subjunctive in postcolonial Englishes: A corpus-based study of the mandative subjunctive and its alternative realizations in four Asian postcolonial Englishes. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This thesis presents an investigation of the mandative subjunctive (MS) and its alternative realizations in four Asian Postcolonial Englishes: Philippine English (PHI), Singapore English (SING), Indian English (IND), and Hong Kong English (HK). The majority of the previous studies on the MS in postcolonial Englishes have mainly focused on the investigation of the MS and should-periphrasis using the International Corpus of English (ICE). The aim of this study is to conduct a quantitative analysis of the use of the MS, should-periphrasis, the indicative, other modals, and non-distinct forms, using The Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) to perform the analysis. This study adopts a corpus-based trigger approach based on the same set of mandative triggers as Hundt (2018): demand, recommend, order, require, and request. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide more evidence for 1) how frequently the MS and alternative realizations are used in Asian postcolonial Englishes, 2) what role the mandative triggers play in the distribution of the mandative clauses, and 3) to what extent the Asian English varieties differ from or align with their matrilects, British English (BrE) and American English (AmE). The results are discussed in relation to Schneider’s Dynamic Model. The preliminary analysis shows that PHI and SING produce the MS more frequently than IND and HK. Moreover, the study has been able to provide new evidence which suggests an increase of the MS in HK and IND. The study also shows that IND deviates from the other varieties in its high preference for the alternative realizations. The secondary analysis shows that lexical triggers are the strongest predictors for the realization of the syntactic variants, but the results from GloWbE-IND establish that the predictor variable 'variety' must not be disregarded. The tertiary analysis reveals that HK and PHI align the most with their matrilect, while SING affiliates more with AmE than BrE. IND demonstrates higher frequency of the should-periphrasis than BrE, providing new evidence to IND’s linguistic conservatism. Lastly, this study confirms SING’s advanced level of endonormative stabilization and PHI’s strong nativization features. The analysis has also strengthened the argumentation for HK belonging in an intermediate position between phase two and three, while the results from GloWbE-IND indicate a potential development towards endonormative stabilization.

• Bech, Kristin & Morgner, Lisa-Marie (2021). The Americanisation of British English: A corpus-based study of the diachronic and synchronic Americanisation of lexus in spoken British English. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bech, Kristin & Halvorsen, Rita (2020). Adjective position in Old English from a micro-level perspective. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract The Old English noun phrase displays more variation in word order than its Present-day English equivalent. This study aims to investigate the internal word order of Old English noun phrases, with a view to identify the factors which determines the placement of adjectives. The data for this study is obtained by annotating 400 noun phrases from three texts: the West-Saxon Gospels, the Leechbook and the Peterborough Chronicle. The texts are taken from the YCOE corpus, and the noun phrases to be investigated are stored in a database, NPEGL (Noun Phrases in Early Germanic Languages), which is being created for the project Constraints on syntactic variation: noun phrases in early Germanic languages. The position of the adjectives in the annotated phrases is analysed in relation to previous research, and theories of adjective placement, particularly those of Fischer (2000, 2001, 2006, 2010), Haumann (2003, 2010), Grabski (2017) and Bech (2017, 2019). There are differing views concerning the distribution of adjectives, and some of the accounts show opposing views, as in the case of Fischer (2000, 2001, 2006, 2010) and Haumann (2003, 2010). The analysis of adjective position in the annotated phrases thus centers on properties in their schemes, as these are often used in the investigation of OE adjective placement. The study shows that there is variation in the distribution of noun phrases in the three texts. There are more modifiers in the Leecbook, which is ascribed to the need for more detailed descriptions in a medical text. The occurrence of postnominal modifiers is significantly lower than that of prenominal modifiers, and most of the postnominal modifiers occur in the Leechbook. All texts have occurrences of stacked adjectives, which show that adjectives are recursive in Old English, although this is disputed by some scholars. The analysis show that the findings do not consistently corroborate Fischer’s (2000, 2001, 2006, 2010) and Haumann’s (2003, 2010) schemes.

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