Marja Etelämäki

• Etelämäki, Marja; Voutilainen, Liisa & Weiste, Elina (2021). Distributing Agency and Experience in Therapeutic Interaction: Person References in Therapists’ Responses to Complaints. Frontiers in Psychology. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.585321. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The primary means for psychotherapy interaction is language. Since talk-in-interaction is accomplished and rendered interpretable by the systematic use of linguistic resources, this study focuses on one of the central issues in psychotherapy, namely agency, and the ways in which linguistic resources, person references in particular, are used for constructing different types of agency in psychotherapy interaction. The study investigates therapists' responses to turns where the client complains about a third party. It focuses on the way therapists' responses distribute experience and agency between the therapist and the client by comparing responses formulated with the zero-person (a formulation that lacks a grammatical subject, that is, a reference to the agent) to responses formulated with a second person singular pronoun that refers to the client. The study thus approaches agency as situated, dynamic and interactional: an agent is a social unit whose elements (flexibility and accountability) are distributed in the therapist-client interaction. The data consist of 70 audio-recorded sessions of cognitive psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, and the method of analysis is conversation analysis and interactional linguistics. The main findings are that therapists use the zero-person for two types of responses: affiliating and empathetic responses that distribute the emotional experience between the client and the therapist, and responses that invite clients to interpret their own experiences, thereby distributing control and responsibility to the clients. In contrast, the second person references are used for re-constructing the client's past history. The conclusion is that therapists use the zero-person for both immediate emotional work and interpretative co-work on the client's experiences. The study suggests that therapists' use of the zero-person does not necessarily attribute “weak agency” to the client but instead might strengthen the clients' agency in the sense of control and responsibility in the long term.

• Etelämäki, Marja; Heinemann, Trine & Vatanen, Anna (2021). On affiliation and alignment: Non-cooperative uses of anticipatory completions in the context of tellings. Discourse Studies. ISSN 1461-4456. 23(5), s. 1–33. doi: 10.1177/14614456211017407. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this paper, we address the larger notion of cooperation in interaction and its underlying dimensions as defined in Conversation Analysis: alignment and affiliation. Focusing on three cases from three different languages (Danish, Estonian and Finnish) we investigate a specific practice, that of anticipatory completions, in a particular context, that of storytelling, and show that the practice of completing another speaker’s turn in an anticipatory manner is not de facto definable as either an aligning or non-aligning action, nor can it be said to be either affiliating or non-affiliating. Through our analyses, we aim to distinguish and illustrate the manifold layers of and perspectives to alignment and affiliation and argue for their relevance for studies of interactional phenomena. We conclude that the notion of cooperation and its implementation through affiliating and/or aligning actions is a multi-layered and complex issue, the intricacies of which are best understood and captured through detailed sequential analyses.

• Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth; Etelämäki, Marja & Sorjonen, Marja-Leena (2021). Directive turn design and intersubjectivity. I Lindström, Jan; Laury, Ritva; Peräkylä, Anssi & Sorjonen, Marja-Leena (Red.), Intersubjectivity in Action. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027209405. s. 61–80. doi: 10.1075/pbns.326.04cou. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this paper, we discuss turn design as a locus of intersubjectivity. We focus on two types of directives in Finnish interactions, turns formatted with second-person imperative and turns that contain zero person. Neither of these turn designs contains a separate subject phrase explicating the person(s) referred to, nor does either indicate when the action nominated is to take place. We study the kinds of assumptions these two turn designs make and present as shared, and the interplay of the assumptions in relation to the sequential and activity context of the turn. The design of turns and actions in sequences of interaction thus allows us to see intersubjectivity at work, even when repair does not take place.

• Etelämäki, Marja (2021). Organizing the “we” in interaction. I Lindström, Jan; Laury, Ritva; Peräkylä, Anssi & Sorjonen, Marja-Leena (Red.), Intersubjectivity in Action. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027209405. s. 25–39. doi: 10.1075/pbns.326.02ete. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this paper, I analyse a piece of interaction during which the participants seem to have trouble arriving at an agreement in a series of affective evaluations. The sequence does not contain other initiations of repair, third position repairs or fourth position repairs, places in which problems of intersubjectivity become visible in the conversation analytic tradition. I show that these problems are due to the fact that the participants do not share an understanding of the nature of the conversation, their respective roles in it, or their mutual relationship. In the end, I discuss my analysis in light of the Schuetzian (1953) understanding of intersubjectivity and suggest that initiating and accomplishing repair are not the only means for restoring intersubjectivity in interaction.

• Etelämäki, Marja & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (2017). In the face of resistance: A Finnish practice for insisting on imperatively formatted directives. I Sorjonen, Marja-Leena; Raevaara, Liisa & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (Red.), Imperative Turns at Talk: The design of directives in action. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027226402. s. 215–240. doi: 10.1075/slsi.30.07ete. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth & Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli (2017). Linking clauses for linking actions: Transforming requests and offers into joint ventures. I Laury, Ritva; Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (Red.), Linking Clauses and Actions in Social Interaction. Finnish Literature Society. ISSN 9789522228581. s. 175–200. doi: 10.21435/sflin.20. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli (2016). Introduction: Discourse, grammar and intersubjectivity. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. ISSN 0332-5865. 39(2), s. 101–112. doi: 10.1017/S033258651600007X. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth & Etelämäki, Marja (2015). Nominated actions and their targeted agents in Finnish conversational directives. Journal of Pragmatics. ISSN 0378-2166. 78, s. 7–24. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2014.12.010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja & Visapää, Laura (2014). Why blend Conversation Analysis With Cognitive Grammar? Pragmatics: Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association. ISSN 1018-2101. 24(3), s. 477–506. doi: 10.1075/prag.24.3.03ete. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Laury, Ritva; Etelämäki, Marja & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (2014). Introduction: Approaches to Grammar for Interactional Linguistics. Pragmatics: Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association. ISSN 1018-2101. 24(3), s. 435–452. doi: 10.1075/prag.24.3.01lau. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth & Etelämäki, Marja (2014). On divisions of labor in request and offer environments. I Drew, Paul & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (Red.), Requesting in Social Interaction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISSN 9789027226365. s. 115–144. doi: 10.1075/slsi.26.05cou. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja; Haakana, Markku & Halonen, Mia (2013). Keskustelukumppanin kehuminen suomalaisessa keskustelussa. Virittäjä: Kotikielen Seuran aikakauslehti. ISSN 0042-6806. s. 460–493. doi: 10.23982/vir.7942. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja; Herlin, Ilona; Jaakola, Minna & Visapää, Laura (2009). Kielioppi käsitteistyksenä ja toimintana: kognitiivista kielioppia ja keskustelunanalyysia yhdistämässä. Virittäjä: Kotikielen Seuran aikakauslehti. ISSN 0042-6806. 113, s. 162–187. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja & Jaakola, Minna (2009). "Tota" ja puhetilanteen todellisuus. Virittäjä: Kotikielen Seuran aikakauslehti. ISSN 0042-6806. 113, s. 188–212. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja (2008). The Finnish demonstrative pronouns in light of interaction. Journal of Pragmatics. ISSN 0378-2166. 41, s. 25–46. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Laury, Ritva; Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (2017). Linking Clauses and Actions in Social Interaction. Finnish Literature Society. ISBN 9789522228581. 243 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja (2006). Toiminta ja tarkoite. Tutkimus suomen pronominista "tämä". Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. ISBN 9789517468671. 211 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Etelämäki, Marja & Vonen, Arnfinn Muruvik (2023). Finnes språk i bruk uten språk som system? Finnes språk som system uten språk i bruk? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli; Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth & Laury, Ritva (2017). Introduction. I Laury, Ritva; Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli & Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth (Red.), Linking Clauses and Actions in Social Interaction. Finnish Literature Society. ISSN 9789522228581. s. 11–23. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli (2017). Keskustelunanalyysin metodista rajanvetoa [Keskustelunanalyysi. Kuinka tutkia sosiaalista vuorovaikutusta. Eds. Melisa Stevanovic & Camilla Lindholm. Vastapaino, Tampere]. Niin & nain. ISSN 1237-1645. 93(2), s. 148–149. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja (2017). Subjectivity, intersubjectivity, and collectivity in interaction. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja (2017). Discourse, grammar, and intersubjectivity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Etelämäki, Marja Irmeli; Herlin, Ilona & Visapää, Laura (2016). Special Issue on Discourse, Grammar and Intersubjectivity. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. ISSN 0332-5865. 39(2). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Winsnes, Ingvild Elisabeth; Etelämäki, Marja; Norvik, Monica I. & Volkmer, Anna (2026). Primary progressive aphasia and conversations. Speech and language therapy in a Norwegian context. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The overarching aim of this thesis was to understand how we can improve everyday conversations for people with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) in Norway. Through four studies, I explored speech and language therapy for people with PPA in Norway, and everyday conversations between a person with PPA and their interlocutor. In the first study, I analysed video recordings of everyday conversations between a person with PPA and their interlocutor using conversation analysis. In the second study, I used a single-case multiple baseline design to explore the feasibility and early effectiveness of a multilevel discourse treatment, delivered in Norwegian to a person with PPA. The third study explored the cultural adaptation of a communication partner training program, from English to Norwegian, and included four people with PPA and their close others. Finally, data from the third study were used in the fourth study. I analysed video recordings from the communication partner training program using applied conversation analysis to explore how the topic of future changes is addressed. In the first study, I identified a practice which contributed to maintaining progressivity and intersubjectivity in conversations between a person with PPA and their interlocutor. Further, in study II, I found that it was feasible to deliver a multilevel discourse treatment in Norwegian and that the person with PPA showed some improvement, which was maintained at three-month follow-up. In the third study, I found a high fidelity to the core components of the communication partner training program. The program was acceptable to the participants, and they achieved their goals. Finally, I found that the topic of future change was addressed by using hypothetical scenarios and questions. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that it is feasible to adapt speech and language therapy for people with PPA from English to Norwegian and that people with PPA have the resources to participate in conversations.

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